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Editorial: Collaborative knowledge management and e-learning

Finding effective ways to collaborate, and to create and share knowledge among people who are connected via disperse networks is one of the most challenging tasks. Many of our traditional learning models and educational systems are not yet ready for new forms of collaboration and knowledge management due to recent technology advancement. To achieve effective education and training, we need to pay attention not only to the technology itself, but also to technology infrastructures, pedagogies, social, and management aspects. This special issue of the KM&EL international journal focuses on recent directions for the alignment of collaborative knowledge management and e-learning, and their rising impact on research and pedagogical practice.

11/29/2019 6:34:52 AM +00:00

Editorial: Advanced learning technologies

Recent rapid development of advanced information technology brings high expectations of its potential to improvement and innovations in learning. This special issue is devoted to using some of the emerging technologies issues related to the topic of education and knowledge sharing, involving several cutting edge research outcomes from recent advancement of learning technologies. Advanced learning technologies are the composition of various related technologies and concepts such as mobile technologies and social media towards learner centered learning. This editorial note provides an overview of relevant issues discussed in this special issue.

11/29/2019 6:34:43 AM +00:00

Editorial: Advanced learning technologies, performance technologies, open contents, and standards

This special issue deals with several cutting edge research outcomes from recent advancement of learning technologies. Advanced learning technologies are the composition of various related technologies and concepts such as i) internet technologies and mobile technologies, ii) human and organizational performance/knowledge management, and iii) underlying trends toward open technology, open content and open education. This editorial note describes the overview of these topics related to the advanced learning technologies to provide the common framework for the accepted papers in this special issue.

11/29/2019 6:34:32 AM +00:00

Editorial: Technology enhanced learning: Moving theory into practice

TELearn 2009 has successfully attracted over 91 submissions, from 4 continents, 11 countries. Half of the submissions came from the outside of Taiwan, which indicates TELearn has become a truly international event. This year, TELearn accept 18 full papers, the acceptance rate of full papers is less than 20%. From the 18 full papers, 5 best papers from Japan, Taiwan, USA, Finland and South Africa were included in this special issue to contribute the understanding of social computing in e-learning and raise potential questions which will require reflection.

11/29/2019 6:34:23 AM +00:00

Editorial: e-Learning and knowledge management in the early years: Where are we and where should we go

E-learning and knowledge management are increasingly accepted as established practices in the field of early childhood education. Living in the age of Web 2.0, young children can learn through experience, application, and conversation in community, physically or virtually, with peers, parents, teachers, and other adults, beyond the classroom and across the media. These concepts are of growing interest in communities of practice and knowledge networks. Although most early childhood educators recognize and practice some kinds of e-learning, most have yet to master the basic theory and practice of knowledge management. What does e-learning mean for young children? How do we apply knowledge management in early childhood setting? These questions are of great importance and a special collection such as this issue will be beneficial to take stock of the ongoing practices as well as to explore future directions in the field. This issue will combine knowledge management and elearning with early childhood education to provide a valuable arena for the discussion and dissemination of this topic and related studies.

11/29/2019 6:34:12 AM +00:00

Editorial: Creating, supporting, sustaining and evaluating virtual learning communities

This special issue is dedicated to creating, building, supporting, sustaining and evaluating virtual learning communities (VLCs) using emerging technologies. The contributors from diverse disciplines have come together to share their valuable experiences and findings through their research in the following themes: (a) instructional models, strategies, approaches for building, supporting and evaluating VLCs, (b) designing effective use of tools to promote discourse and scaffold peer interactions among members, (c) iterative processes and models of designing and evaluating VLCs; and (d) various variables concerning VLCs, such as virtual community behaviors, cultural factors, adoption patterns of tools. It is hoped that these articles will provide practical guidance and offer valuable experience to both educators and researchers who are interested in designing effective VLCs and examining various aspects of VLCs to advance our understanding of VLCs.

11/29/2019 6:34:01 AM +00:00

Editorial: Applied knowledge management in an institutional context

This special issue aims to stimulate the investigation on the applications of KM principles, ideas and systems within an institutional context. Our editorial segment of this special edition proceeds as follows. The next section provides some stylized facts on KM and KM systems in general. Subsequently we examine two emerging areas in which KM in the context of its application is becoming vital – (i) in the area of ontology-based organizational memory and (ii) in the area of disaster management. We then provide a preview of the papers that were accepted in this special edition.

11/29/2019 6:33:50 AM +00:00

Editorial: Advances in health education applying e-Learning, simulations and distance technologies

This special issue of the KM&EL international journal is dedicated to coverage of novel advances in health professional education applying eLearning, simulations and distance education technologies. Modern healthcare is beginning to be transformed through the emergence of new information technologies and rapid advances in health informatics. Advances such as electronic health record systems (EHRs), clinical decision support systems and other advanced information systems such as public health surveillance systems are rapidly being deployed worldwide. The education of health professionals such as medical, nursing and allied health professionals will require an improved understanding of these technologies and how they will transform their healthcare practice. However, currently there is a lack of integration of knowledge and skills related to such technology in health professional education. In this issue of the journal we present articles that describe a set of novel approaches to integrating essential health information technology into the education of health professionals, as well as the use of advanced information technologies and e-Learning approaches for improving health professional education. The approaches range from use of simulations to development of novel Web-based platforms for allowing students to interact with the technologies and healthcare practices that are rapidly changing healthcare.

11/29/2019 6:33:41 AM +00:00

Discerning culture in e-Learning and in the global workplaces

This paper explores issues relating to e-learning in the global workplaces and educational contexts. The literature on e-learning often touts the benefits of e-learning as an equalizing or democratizing force in learning and education at the detriment of significant challenges facing its implementation and eventual outcomes for users. Central to the challenges facing e-learning systems is cultural challenges. Therefore the author argues the need to attend to cultural issues in e-learning if e-learning is to be successful. First, the paper addresses the different dimensions of education as described by the learning societies. Second, the paper incorporates the role of culture in e-learning, and finally, implications of culture in e-learning in the global workplaces are addressed.

11/29/2019 6:33:25 AM +00:00

Determinants of user intention toward IT instruction: An examination of internal and external factors

This paper discusses the internal and external factors that affect user intention to apply IT instruction. The internal factors were examined from the standpoint of user attitudes toward IT instruction, which included computer knowledge, perceived usefulness, and interest in applying IT instruction, while external factors included climate, school policy, facility, and training in IT instruction. The effects of participant demographics were also investigated. As an empirical study, 141 valid science and technology university teachers in Taiwan were surveyed for their experiences with teaching websites. The results indicate that all of the internal factors significantly affect teacher intention to apply IT instruction, but none of the external factors do, except for the climate variable. The results may help school administrators in promoting IT instruction.

11/29/2019 6:32:35 AM +00:00

Designing functional virtual learning communities using the Bola Ola method

This paper explores how social media and the likes of Web 2.0 are gaining ground in e-learning and virtual communities. The paper argues that successful learning in virtual learning communities (VLCs) require cultural sensitivity given that technological tools in these communities were not originally designed for learning. The paper uses the dimensions of cultural variability to identify some of the cultural challenges in VLCs. Subsequently, the Bola Ola method is presented as a way to address cultural challenges and effective use of VLCs. Finally, implications are presented as well.

11/29/2019 6:32:20 AM +00:00

Designing an electronic medical case simulator for health professional education

This paper describes an implementation of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) which has been adapted for the purposes of teaching health professional students, including medical and nursing students. Off-the-shelf EMR software, while suited for physicians in practice settings does not completely satisfy the needs of these students and educators. There are many unique requirements of a teaching EMR compared to one used in a production environment. This paper describes the specific architecture and unique features of an EMR that was employed in the University of British Columbia Medical School teaching program in December, 2007 with 200 participating medical students distributed across three physical sites in the Province of British Columbia.

11/29/2019 6:32:10 AM +00:00

Design and implementation of an extensible learner-adaptive environment

This paper describes the design and implementation of a flexible architecture that is capable of extending the functions of a learner-adaptive selflearning environment. A “courseware object”, which is a program module that is used to implement various educational functionalities, has been newly introduced to ensure both function extensibility as well as content reusability. A prototype system was designed and implemented to investigate the feasibility of the proposed architecture and to identify the core behavior and interaction schema of courseware objects. The results from this trial indicated that several learner-adaptive functionalities including the SCORM 2004 standard specifications will be able to be successfully implemented into the proposed architecture.

11/29/2019 6:31:58 AM +00:00

Deriving prior distributions for Bayesian models used to achieve adaptive e-learning

This paper presents an approach of achieving adaptive e-learning by probabilistically evaluating a learner based not only on the profile and performance data of the learner but also on the data of previous learners. In this approach, an adaptation rule specification language and a user interface tool are provided to a content author or instructor to define adaptation rules. The defined rules are activated at different stages of processing the learning activities of an activity tree which models a composite learning object. System facilities are also provided for modeling the correlations among data conditions specified in adaptation rules using Bayesian Networks. Bayesian inference requires a prior distribution of a Bayesian model. This prior distribution is automatically derived by using the formulas presented in this paper together with prior probabilities and weights assigned by the content author or instructor. Each new learner‟s profile and performance data are used to update the prior distribution, which is then used to evaluate the next new learner. The system thus continues to improve the accuracy of learner evaluation as well as its adaptive capability. This approach enables an e-learning system to make proper adaptation decisions even though a learner‟s profile and performance data may be incomplete, inaccurate and/or contradictory.

11/29/2019 6:31:43 AM +00:00

Cross-cultural challenges in web-based instruction

Web Based Instruction (WBI) possesses great potential for delivering e-learning solutions into Lower Economically Disadvantaged Countries (LEDCs) and organizations with virtual networks of employees spread across the globe. However, these e-learning solutions are not without cross-cultural challenges. In order to adequately utilize these resources, it is imperative that developers and organizations understand how to address differences in norms, preferences and values of culturally diverse individuals when designing WBI. When instruction does not effectively address student needs, users can be distracted, or even discouraged, from completing instruction and quite possibly reject the technology through which the instruction is delivered. The purpose of this paper is to present an examination of cross cultural challenges in implementing WBI, through a discussion of Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions, cultural technology perceptions, language barriers and user needs. The paper concludes with a discussion the implications of WBI and future trends in WBI design.

11/29/2019 6:31:27 AM +00:00

Creating a virtual learning community with HUB architecture: Cleerhub as a case study of user adoption

The research aim of this article is to investigate the adoption patterns of HUB platforms that create and support virtual learning communities (VLC). The adoption patterns of one particular HUB called the Collaboratory for Engineering Education Research or CLEERhub, is presented as an example of how HUBs may be used as VLCs. After explaining the affordances of the HUB architecture, the article uses two approaches to discuss the adoption of CLEERhub by users. First, the authors link the five stages of Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation model with various CLEERhub user metrics. The resultant mapping suggests that CLEERhub users are primarily in early stages of adoption. This is not an unexpected finding given that CLEERhub has been recently created. The second approach to studying adoption investigates the experience of a group of college students who used CLEERhub to aid them in completing a group assignment. A CLEERhub Usage Survey was developed and implemented during the last part of the semester to collect information about students’ experience with CLEERhub. Student reactions to CLEERhub were generally positive. After the two approaches are presented, the paper connects the approaches by speculating on how student experience (adoption approach 2) might be mapped to the five stages of Rogers’ model (adoption approach 1). The paper ends with considerations and suggestions for best practices.

11/29/2019 6:31:14 AM +00:00

Building virtual collaborative research community using knowledge management approach

Many online communities nowadays are emphasized more on peer interactions and information sharing among members; very few online communities are built with knowledge management in nature supported by knowledge management system (KMS). This study aims to present a community of practice on how to effectively adopt a knowledge management system (KMS) to neutralize a cyber collaborative learning community for a research lab in a higher education setting. A longitudinal case for 7 years was used to analyze the retention and extension of participants‟ community of practice experiences. Interviews were conducted for the comparison between experiences and theories. It was found that the transformations of tacit and explicit knowledge are in accordance with the framework of Nonaka‟s model of knowledge management from which we elicit the strategies and suggestions to the adoption and implementation of virtual collaborative research community supported by KMS.

11/29/2019 6:31:01 AM +00:00

Building an e-portfolio learning model: Goal orientation and metacognitive strategies

Recent wide acceptance of e-Portfolios has occurred because researchers believe it helps promote students’ learning in higher education. This study uses goal orientation theory to investigate the relationship between goal orientations, metacognitive strategies, and enjoyment when students use ePortfolio. This paper contributes to research by goal orientation, metacognitive strategies and enjoyment to explain student learning behavior when using ePortfolio to providing further evidence. A sample of 219 university students took part in this research to verify the proposed model. The study employs structural equation modeling with the LISREL to explain the model. The results show that students’ mastery goals for using e-Portfolio have a positive effect on their metacognitive strategies and enjoyment. Performance-approach goals have a negative effect on metacognitive strategies and a positive effect on enjoyment. Performance-avoidance goals have a positive effect on metacognitive strategies. Students’ enjoyment has a positive effect on their metacognitive strategies, and mastery goals can predict metacognitive strategies through enjoyment. This paper also discusses study findings and implications for future research.

11/29/2019 6:30:45 AM +00:00

Autonomy, affiliation, and ability: relative salience of factors that influence online learner motivation and learning outcomes

Autonomy, affiliation, and ability appear as main factors that influence online learners‟ motivation and learning outcomes, however, the relative salience of these three factors remains unclear in the online learning literature. Drawing on Deci and Ryan‟s self-determination theory, this study sought to bridge this gap by investigating the relative salience of perceived autonomy, affiliation, and ability on learner motivation and learning outcomes in two special education online programs (N = 262). This study found that the most salient predictor varied from categories of motivation and learning outcomes, and the number of significant predictors increased by participants‟ level of motivation/self-determination. Results of this study provide implications for online learner support.

11/29/2019 6:30:30 AM +00:00

Automatic, global and dynamic student modeling in a ubiquitous learning environment

Ubiquitous learning allows students to learn at any time and any place. Adaptivity plays an important role in ubiquitous learning, aiming at providing students with adaptive and personalized learning material, activities, and information at the right place and the right time. However, for providing rich adaptivity, the student model needs to be able to gather a variety of information about the students. In this paper, an automatic, global, and dynamic student modeling approach is introduced, which aims at identifying and frequently updating information about students’ progress, learning styles, interests and knowledge level, problem solving abilities, preferences for using the system, social connectivity, and current location. This information is gathered in an automatic way, using students’ behavior and actions in different learning situations provided by different components/services of the ubiquitous learning environment. By providing a comprehensive student model, students can be supported by rich adaptivity in every component/service of the learning environment. Furthermore, the information in the student model can help in giving teachers a better understanding about the students’ learning process.

11/29/2019 6:30:16 AM +00:00

Automatic generation system of multiple-choice cloze questions and its evaluation

Since English expressions vary according to the genres, it is important for students to study questions that are generated from sentences of the target genre. Although various questions are prepared, it is still not enough to satisfy various genres which students want to learn. On the other hand, when producing English questions, sufficient grammatical knowledge and vocabulary are needed, so it is difficult for non-expert to prepare English questions by themselves. In this paper, we propose an automatic generation system of multiple-choice cloze questions from English texts. Empirical knowledge is necessary to produce appropriate questions, so machine learning is introduced to acquire knowledge from existing questions. To generate the questions from texts automatically, the system (1) extracts appropriate sentences for questions from texts based on Preference Learning, (2) estimates a blank part based on Conditional Random Field, and (3) generates distracters based on statistical patterns of existing questions. Experimental results show our method is workable for selecting appropriate sentences and blank part. Moreover, our method is appropriate to generate the available distracters, especially for the sentence that does not contain the proper noun.

11/29/2019 6:30:03 AM +00:00

Assessing the feasibility of using virtual environments in distance education

Learning is an active, social process. However, many distance education programs are flat and asynchronous with limited interaction. Virtual environments may be best equipped to foster an active social learning environment that provides optimal distance education. This study explored how nursing informatics students perceived the strengths and limitations of three different online modalities of learning: Learning Management System, Webinar, and Virtual Environments. Student perceptions of nine learning and instructional technology domains were explored using the Student Assessment of Learning Gains instrument (Seymour, Wiese, Hunter, & Daffinrud, 2000) with additional, open-ended question. Two concurrent themes arose from the three platforms: technical challenges and students showing preference for synchronous web-based learning. Virtual Environments emerged as the favored distance based education. As the availability and use of these technologies proliferates, educators are challenged to understand the effects of these technologies on student learning outcomes to optimize student learning.

11/29/2019 6:29:51 AM +00:00

Approaches to improve teachers’ use of groupware

Teachers are confronted with groupware for various reasons. However, the teachers’ acceptance of many systems is afflicted. This paper identifies reasons for the refusal and presents approaches to improve the usage of groupware for teachers. On the basis of an empirical survey on an interschool groupware, we discover shortcomings of groupware and corresponding general conditions. In this context we focus on the offered utility and the embedding of groupware in schools. The results of the study show that the motivation of teachers to employ groupware can be improved by implementing specific organizational terms of use and by focussing the utility on document management. Nevertheless, adjustments in both mentioned directions have to be implemented with caution, since they exhibit critical points as well.

11/29/2019 6:29:37 AM +00:00

Analysis of relating the use of a learning management system to teacher epistemology and course characteristics in higher education

This study proposes appropriate methods for supporting instructors in the development of course plans by explaining how the use of a learning management system (LMS) relates to teachers’ epistemology and course characteristics. By analyzing the data, the authors identified three categories of courses taught at undergraduate levels: (1) knowledge construction, (2) knowledge transmission, and (3) mixed. In knowledge construction courses, instructors need to transform students’ conceptions of learning and the LMS must support, among other things, students’ cognition and interaction. Teaching assistants, typically graduate students who work directly with the instructor, are also needed for enhancing instruction of these courses. In knowledge transmission courses, instructors need to relate the knowledge learned in the course with the competencies required by society, and the LMS should include functions for evaluating students’ learning progress. Teaching assistants for these courses should support student learning, especially for those with poor comprehension of the content. In mixed courses, instructors need to make communication with individual students visible to the whole class and the LMS should include functions for promoting student interaction. Finally, the authors propose that an organization for supporting improved instruction should implement development learning models based on instructor’s epistemology and course characteristics in order to facilitate LMS utilization based on lesson strategies.

11/29/2019 6:29:24 AM +00:00

Analysing the relationship between learning styles and navigation behaviour in web-based educational system

The aim of our research is to automatically deduce the learning style from the analysis of browsing behaviour. To find how to deduce the learning style, we are investigating, in this paper, the relationships between the learner‟s navigation behaviour and his/her learning style in web-based learning. To explore this relation, we carried out an experiment with 27 students of computer science at the engineering school (ESI-Algeria). The students used a hypermedia course on an e-learning platform. The learners‟ navigation behaviour is evaluated using a navigation type indicator that we propose and calculate based on trace analysis. The findings are presented with regard to the learning styles measured using the Index of Learning Styles by (Felder and Solomon 1996). We conclude with a discussion of these results.

11/29/2019 6:29:08 AM +00:00

An investigation of the development of a reflective virtual learning community in an ill-structured domain of instructional design

This article examines the development of novice instructional designers in a reflective learning community. The study was situated in a blended learning course, which utilized a web-based learning management system as a communication platform. Drawing from communities of practice as a theoretical framework, we examined (1) how individual and group characteristics influenced knowledge construction, (2) how members developed their epistemic frames of instructional design, and (3) the dynamics of group interactions during the knowledge constructions in the learning community. The findings highlighted issues related to the development of an online learning community, such as considering prior members‟ knowledge and experience towards learning in a technology-mediated environment, enculturating minority groups in the learning community, providing structure to promote the formation and development of a learning community, and cultivating shared leadership behaviors.

11/29/2019 6:28:52 AM +00:00

An investigation of faculty’s perceptions and experiences when transitioning to a new learning management system

A qualitative study using the cross-case analysis method investigated the experiences of faculty members as they transitioned from one Learning Management System (LMS) to another. The study has several implications for administrators, researchers, instructional designers, trainers, and educators on how to implement a new instructional technology and to facilitate transitioning efforts. Based on the findings of this study, we have identified several contributing factors to a successful transition to and implementation of a new LMS at the institutional level, including (a) the critical importance of ongoing systemic support at different levels and in different formats, (b) the demands for pedagogical support in addition to technological assistance, and (c) the requirements for customized support to address discipline-specific challenges. Lastly, we discuss why faculty should be empowered to join in decision-making processes regarding community-wide technology innovations.

11/29/2019 6:28:38 AM +00:00

Adopting knowledge management in an e-Learning system: Insights and views of KM and EL research scholars

The main goal of this study is to explore the insights and views from knowledge management (KM) and E-learning (EL) research scholars through a face-to- face interview for determining the relationship between KM and EL as well as for adopting KM in an EL system. We conducted this study based on the review of existing concepts and frameworks of KM and EL available in the secondary sources of information, and the findings of the face-to-face interviews of 17 (Seventeen) KM and EL research scholars from all over the world. We selected the respondents from the participants of two international conferences held in Japan and Thailand in 2010. The interviews were conducted during the break of the conferences using a carefully structured, short and open ended questionnaire.

11/29/2019 6:28:23 AM +00:00

A user-centered design approach to develop a web-based instructional resource system for homeland education

Under the national educational policy of Nine-Year Integrated Curriculum, elementary and junior high school teachers are expected to design their own instructional materials, and to teach their courses which could be linked to students’ daily lives. The policy also allocates funding to create a variety of web-based instructional resource systems in order to assist these teachers in preparing their classes. Upon the basis of a user-centered design approach, this study is aimed at constructing a set of suggestions of planning, designing, and developing a web-based instructional resource system for the homeland education. This research team takes Nei-Li area in Taiwan as an example to develop such a system, and constructs a user-centered design model. The study results indicate that, unlike the traditional instructional design approach, the proposed model takes into account the user’s needs, the capability of the project team, the resource availability for implementation, the national educational reform policy, the development of information technology industry, and the sociocultural context of a community at the initial phase.

11/29/2019 6:28:10 AM +00:00

A technical mode for sharing and utilizing open educational resources in Chinese universities

Open educational resources just supply potentials to help equalize the access to worldwide knowledge and education, but themselves alone do not cause effective learning or education. How to make effective use of the resources is still a big challenge. In this study, a technical mode is proposed to collect the open educational resources from different sources on the Internet into a campus-network-based resource management system. The system facilitates free and easy access to the resources for instructors and students in universities and integrates the resources into learning and teaching. The technical issues regarding the design the resource management system are examined, including the structure and functions of the system, metadata standard compatibility and scalability, metadata file format, and resource utilization assessment. Furthermore, the resource collecting, storage and utilization modes are also discussed so as to lay a technical basis for extensive and efficient sharing and utilization of the OER in Chinese universities.

11/29/2019 6:27:56 AM +00:00