Tài liệu miễn phí Giáo dục học

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Integrating problem solving and knowledge construction through dual mapping

Learning through problem solving has been regarded as an important approach to constructivist learning. However, how practice and knowledge reciprocate each other has not been sufficiently examined and remains implicit. Although problem-based learning is increasingly used in medical education and other domains, there is a concern about its weakness in general study design in relation to its impact on learners’ knowledge base. Considering the complex cognitive processes involved in learning through problem solving, this study proposes a dual mapping learning environment, serving as a visual affordance for improving problem solving and underlying knowledge construction processes as well as the transformation between the two

11/29/2019 6:52:15 AM +00:00

Learning analytics as a tool for closing the assessment loop in higher education

This paper examines learning and academic analytics and its relevance to distance education in undergraduate and graduate programs as it impacts students and teaching faculty, and also academic institutions. The focus is to explore the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data as predictors of student success and drivers of departmental process and program curriculum. Learning and academic analytics in higher education is used to predict student success by examining how and what students learn and how success is supported by academic programs and institutions. The paper examines what is being done to support students, whether or not it is effective, and if not why, and what educators can do. The paper also examines how these data can be used to create new metrics and inform a continuous cycle of improvement. It presents examples of working models from a sample of institutions of higher education: The Graduate School of Medicine at the University of Wollongong, the University of Michigan, Purdue University, and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Finally, the paper identifies considerations and recommendations for using analytics and offer suggestions for future research.

11/29/2019 6:52:02 AM +00:00

Editorial: Technology in higher education and human performance

Improvement of learning and human development for sustainable development has been recognized as a key strategy for individuals and organizations to strengthen their competitive advantages. It becomes crucial to help adult learners and knowledge workers to improve their self-directed and life-long learning capabilities. Meanwhile, learning in this context has expanded from individual to community and organizational levels with new focuses on externalization of tacit knowledge, creation of new knowledge, retention of knowledge assets for continuous improvement, and cross-cultural communication. To adapt to these changes, technologies have played an increasingly important role in enhancing and transforming learning at individual, community, and organizational levels. Papers in this special issue are representative of ongoing research on integration of technology with learning for innovation and sustainable development in higher education institutions and organizational and community environments.

11/29/2019 6:51:52 AM +00:00

Blended learning in dentistry: 3-D resources for inquiry-based learning

Motivation is an important factor for inquiry-based learning, so creative design of learning resources and materials is critical to enhance students’ motivation and hence their cognition. Modern dentistry is moving towards “electronic patient records” for both clinical treatment and teaching. Study models have long been an essential part of dental records. Traditional plaster casts are, however, among the last type of clinical record in the dental field to be converted into digital media as virtual models. Advantages of virtual models include: simpler storage; reduced risk of damage, disappearance, or misplacement; simpler and effective measuring; and easy transferal to colleagues. In order to support student engagement with the rapidly changing world of digital dentistry, and in order to stimulate the students’ motivation and depth of inquiry, this project aims to introduce virtual models into a Bachelor and Dental Surgery (BDS) curriculum.

11/29/2019 6:51:39 AM +00:00

An e-learning approach to informed problem solving

When taking into account individualized learning processes not only content and interaction facilities need to be re-considered, but also the design of learning processes per se. Besides explicitness of learning objectives, interactive means of education need to enable intertwining content and communication elements as basic elements of active learning in a flexible way while preserving a certain structure of the learning process. Intelligibility Catchers are a theoretically grounded framework to enable such individualized processes. It allows learners and teachers agreeing and determining a desired learning outcome in written form. This type of e-learning contract enables students to individually explore content and participate in social interactions, while being guided by a transparent learning process structure. The developed implementation empowers learners in terms of creative problem-solving capabilities, and requires adaptation of classroom situations. The framework and its supporting semantic e-learning environment not only enables diverse learning and problem solving processes, but also supports the collaborative construction of e-learning contracts.

11/29/2019 6:51:24 AM +00:00

A podcasting-based pre-service teacher training mode

Podcasting has been increasingly used as a new approach to broadcasting information. In the educational field, podcasting offers plenty of opportunities to improve and facilitate pre-service teacher training in normal schools. This study analyses the practice of using podcasting for teaching skills training, and proposes a TSTP (Teaching Skills Training on Podcasting) model to improve the training effectiveness.

11/29/2019 6:50:13 AM +00:00

Social networking for language learners: Creating meaningful output with Web 2.0 tools

The Internet has the potential to provide language learners with vast resources of authentic written, audio, and video materials to supplement lessons. Educators can find a wide assortment of materials for learners to study in class or after class for independent learning and to encourage learner autonomy. More recently, however, the immense popularity of social networking websites has created new opportunities for language learners to interact in authentic ways that were previously difficult to achieve. Advances in technology mean that today, learners of a language can easily interact with their peers in meaningful practice that helps foster language acquisition and motivation. That is, tasks that make use of Web 2.0 interactivity can significantly raise students’ potential to generate meaningful output and stimulate their interest in language learning.

11/29/2019 6:49:49 AM +00:00

Lessons learned from the birth and evolution of the EduFinland virtual community for educators

Educators around the world are experimenting with the possibilities virtual three dimensional worlds have for education and learning how to use these new environments efficiently. Virtual worlds have the potential to bring some new added value to education and educators can use them to create something that is not possible to do or show in traditional classrooms. Although a lot have been learned about virtual worlds and their potential, a lot more has to be learned before virtual worlds can become an integrated part of education on various levels. The article looks back at the birth and growth of the EduFinland community in the virtual world of Second Life and discusses lessons learned so far during the years of its existence.

11/29/2019 6:49:37 AM +00:00

Designing self-monitoring warm-up strategy with blogbased learning system to support knowledge building

Preparing lessons before class is widely recognized as an effective means of increasing student motivation for classroom activities and learning outcome. However, the unclear status of lesson preparation generally discourages teachers and students from maintaining this effective learning strategy. This study applied the self-explanation theory and reading comprehension strategies to design a lesson warm-up mechanism that scaffolds knowledge building. A set of corresponding supporting tools were developed into a blog-based learning system (BBLS) to implement the warm-up process. Results of a teaching experiment reveal positive effects of the tools on learning achievement, recall of old knowledge, connection between old and new knowledge, and understanding of new knowledge.

11/29/2019 6:49:25 AM +00:00

The effects of learning style and gender consciousness on novices’ learning from playing educational games

This study investigated the effects of novices’ learning style and gender consciousness on learning of programming concepts from game-based learning activities. Four classes of eighth graders with 59 males and 63 females participated in this study. Participants were identified as the diverger group and the converger group based on their stronger learning styles. Game-play activities were implemented to support participants’ learning of programming concepts. The results revealed that (a) for the programming comprehension performance, the convergers outperformed the divergers; (b) participants’ learning style and gender consciousness significantly affected their project performance; (c) for the high gender consciousness learners, the convergers performed better at abstract conceptualization and active experimentation than the divergers did; (d) for the divergers, the low gender consciousness learners possessed lower stereotype and were willing to challenge and performed better than the high gender consciousness learners; and (e) all the participants revealed positive intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

11/29/2019 6:49:12 AM +00:00

Young children online: E-learning in a social networking context

SuperClubsPLUS is a supported social networking site for children aged 6-12. While it is evident that children in the 9-12 age group have embraced SuperClubsPLUS with enthusiasm, it is important to consider the 6-8 group working in the space. This age group is likely to become even more confident with the Web 2.0 tools than their older siblings and they are potentially more vulnerable to cyber-safety issues. On the other hand, these children are learning about cyber-safety and cyber citizenship at an earlier age. The present study investigated what young children did in SuperClubsPLUS, how they interacted with other children and what skills they were learning. In particular it examined cyber-safety skills in the context of transferability.

11/29/2019 6:49:01 AM +00:00

Web application for recording learners’ mouse trajectories and retrieving their study logs for data analysis

With the accelerated implementation of e-learning systems in educational institutions, it has become possible to record learners’ study logs in recent years. It must be admitted that little research has been conducted upon the analysis of the study logs that are obtained. In addition, there is no software that traces the mouse movements of learners during their learning processes, which the authors believe would enable teachers to better understand their students’ behaviors. The objective of this study is to develop a Web application that records students’ study logs, including their mouse trajectories, and to devise an IR tool that can summarize such diversified data. The results of an experiment are also scrutinized to provide an analysis of the relationship between learners’ activities and their study logs.

11/29/2019 6:48:50 AM +00:00

Virtual knowledge production within a physician educational outreach program

This paper describe the impacts and lessons learned of using conferencing technologies to support knowledge production activities within an academic detailing group. A three year case study was conducted in which 20 Canadian health professionals collaborated on developing educational outreach materials for family physicians. The groups communicated in face-to-face, teleconferencing, and web-conferencing environments. Data was collected over three years (2004-2007) and consisted of structured interviews, meeting transcripts, and observation notes. The analysis consisted of detailed reviews and comparisons of the data from the various sources. The results revealed several key findings on the on the impacts of conferencing technologies on knowledge production activities of academic detailers.

11/29/2019 6:48:38 AM +00:00

Using digital resources for the ECE curriculum in China: Current needs and future development

Using digital resources is an important development in the Early Childhood Education (ECE) curriculum in China. Guo and Wang (2005) report that 98% of urban ECE programs have computers with Internet connections, in addition to other technical facilities, which are used daily in ECE classrooms. However, the lack of curriculum-related digital resources and of a network to share them makes it difficult for teachers to share these resources for teaching. Further, this development of digital resources for ECE should consider Chinese cultures of learning (Jin & Cortazzi, 2006) in order to meet the needs of Chinese learners and maximize the learning effect. This paper focuses on the major features of digital resources in Chinese ECE and a framework for developing the content through examining existing digital resources and materials. Methods of inquiry and evaluation include the use of focus groups of kindergarten teachers in different provinces in China.

11/29/2019 6:48:15 AM +00:00

Using a hematology curriculum in a web portfolio environment

In 2005 the European Hematology Association developed the European Hematology Curriculum. This was distributed as a printed booklet and the intention was that junior hematologist could use it for personal competence development. In the EU-funded project H-net this Curriculum has been adapted into the a web environment by using RDF and placed inside a web portfolio system. How this is done is further described in this article. Furthermore, the possibilities of reusing the curriculum in ways that was not initially intended is described, such as describing Learning Resources inside the web-portfolio system with how they relate to different parts of the curriculum. That way a search for learning resources inside the portfolio by using the curriculum is enabled. And, since the medical field of hematology is closely related to other medical fields the design of the web-version of the curriculum was done in a way that builds for possible combination with any other curriculum in another medical field.

11/29/2019 6:48:02 AM +00:00

Usability of context-aware mobile educational game

The aim of our research is to present a context-awareness multi-agent-based mobile educational game that can generate a series of learning activities for users doing On-the-Job training and make users interact with specific objects in their working environment. We reveal multi-agent architecture (MAA) into the mobile educational game design to achieve the goals of developing a lightweight, flexible, and scalable game on the platform with limited resources such as mobile phones. A scenario with several workplaces, research space, meeting rooms, and a variety of items and devices in 11th floor of a university’s building is used to demonstrate the idea and mechanism proposed by this research. At the end, a questionnaire is used to examine the usability of the proposed game. 37 freshmen participate in this pilot study and the results show that they are interested in using the game and the game does help them getting familiar with the new environment.

11/29/2019 6:47:44 AM +00:00

The Willy Wagtail tale: Knowledge management and e-learning enriching multiliteracies in the early years

While our multimedia world, with rapid advances in technologies, now challenges educators to consider new pedagogies that expand cultural and linguistic diversity, the potential for information and communication technologies (ICT) to support literacy learning in the early years remains a seriously under-researched area. There is an urgency to address a range of questions raised by teacher practitioners such as what new literacies will look like in their programs, how ICT can be used to learn in new ways, and which pedagogies of multiliteracies are relevant for early childhood education. This paper explores these questions in relation to knowledge management initiatives and e-learning opportunities. The Willy Wagtail Tale presents a case study of how knowledge management and e-learning is socially constructed to enrich multiliteracies experiences in the early years. The study occurred in a small Western Australian school committed to the Reggio Emilia teaching approach. Implications for educational research are that multiliteracies experiences occur inadvertently through children’s play, are integral to The Hundred Languages of Children, and are dramatically enriched through social constructivist knowledge management and child-centered e-learning.

11/29/2019 6:47:19 AM +00:00

The synergy of paper-based and digital material for ubiquitous foreign language learners

In recent years, the development of digital information transfer, storage and communication methods has allowed for access to ubiquitous global connections and to a large number of resources available to foreign language students at all age and levels of schooling. Further, the combination of traditional paper-based learning material with digital one in a ubiquitous learning environment may offer great innovation in the delivery of education, to foster a student-centred approach, and to accommodate the needs of ubiquitous learners’ personal lifestyles. In this direction, research has increasingly emphasised the importance of a technology-enhanced rather than technology-driven learning approach. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integration of paper-based and digital material through Quick Response (QR) code for ubiquitous English language learners in three different scenarios. Results show that, despite some difficulties, flexibility and personalisation of learning have been perceived as an asset.

11/29/2019 6:46:51 AM +00:00

The knowledge circulated-organisational management for accomplishing e-learning

Nowadays, e-Learning has been used in many kinds of educational institutes as a regular learning/teaching system. In the real practices, Educational knowledge management among the relevant organizations is quite important. This means “knowledge in universities circulated-systematic process” of finding, selecting, organising, distilling and presenting information in a way that improves a learner‟s competency and/or ability to fulfil his or her necessary learning objectives. In order to construct such educational management systems, the fundamental processing modules are required, such as a distributed file system, synchronous data communications, etc. If any applications and tools related to e-Learning can be plugged into the core framework, we can build an integrated e-Learning environment where learners/teachers can share/operate this software/data in real time. Universities also have many organisations to perform educational activities and researches. In order to operate and manage an e-Learning system, the information/knowledge occurring in each of organisations must be connected seamlessly and integrated under the standardised data format and the procedure of job-processing. In this paper, we mention the conceptual framework of Knowledge Circulated-Organizational Management according to our experiences of UEC-GP project. Moreover, we introduce how to construct & analyze the content-frames of e-Learning as technological knowledge on Instructional Design.

11/29/2019 6:46:25 AM +00:00

The influence of an online virtual situated environment on a Chinese learning community

This study used an online virtual environment to create and develop a Chinese learning community. The purposes of research were (1) to enhance the Chinese learners’ oral Chinese communication skills and (2) to change the community members’ Chinese speaking and teaching behavior. This is an action research. The research tried to create a community in a virtual environment. The research results showed that (1) a virtual community can enhance learner’s Chinese competence, and (2) future Chinese teachers’ instructional and leading skills can be developed in a virtual community situation.

11/29/2019 6:46:15 AM +00:00

The effects of integrated information literacy in science curriculum on first-grade students’ memory and comprehension using the Super3 model

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of integrated information literacy in first-grade science curriculum on students‟ science learning. In this quasi-experimental study, two first-grade classrooms from a public elementary school were randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group. The former accepted an inquiry-based science curriculum infused information literacy using the Super3 model, while the latter accepted the traditional lecture-oriented instruction. The instructional unit in both experimental and control groups was taught by the same science teacher and lasted around three weeks, seven periods of time per week. Two tests were designed to test student‟s memory of factual information and comprehension of scientific concepts. Results from the analyses of covariance showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed their counterparts on two measures of science learning. It is suggested that integrated information literacy instruction could have a positive impact on first-graders‟ subject content learning and lay a foundation for young children to be lifelong learners.

11/29/2019 6:46:02 AM +00:00

The effects of blended instruction on oral reading performance and their relationships to a five-factor model of personality

In recent times, „Blended Instruction‟ - an effective method of instructions utilizing e-Learning materials in English education - consists of an individual learning part, a collaborative learning part and a teacher instruction part. In the individual learning, students act out model dialogues in the WBT courseware which incorporated a high quantity of video and sound clips. In the collaborative learning, students perform the dialogues in pairs and assessed each other‟s performance. Our recent research in a high school showed that the skill of the students‟ oral reading was improved in most criteria of assessment through blended instruction. However, it is still not clear what kind of relationship exists between the development of the students‟ oral reading skills and their personalities. With this in mind, the authors have studied the effects of the blended instruction on the junior high school students‟ oral reading performance and their relationships to the five-factor model of personality. The result of the research shows that the skill of the students‟ oral reading was improved in most criteria of assessment and the blended instruction was effective for the personality group, „Introverted unintelligent person‟ in the most categories of oral reading criteria as well as the personality group, „Sociable hard-worker‟. The important factor for that group in oral reading performance turned out to be „Sense Reading‟.

11/29/2019 6:45:47 AM +00:00

The dynamics of interactivity modelling for e-Learning

Advances in information and communication technologies have given impetus to e-learning as choice educational environment for million of learners. E-learning involves the use of Internet technology to provide education where the instructor and students operate without geographical boundaries. Despite positive strides made in e-learning, the drop out rate of students remains high. Most educators argue that interactivity of learners is central to the success of e-learning initiatives. Accordingly, we present an interactivity model to dynamically measure interactivity in the context of elearning. The model leverages a common term vocabulary and Chebyshev's inequalities to objectively measure the contributions of participants in a group work. We evaluate the performance of our model using extensive simulation studies.

11/29/2019 6:45:35 AM +00:00

The development and impact of the livestock guru: Meeting the knowledge needs of poor livestock keepers in Tamil Nadu, India

Livestock keepers comprise 2/3rds of the 2.8 billion households living on less than two dollars per day. However, as a group they tend to be marginalised and excluded from formal service provision, particularly in relation to animal health. Therefore, the following paper describes the development of the Livestock Guru, a multi-media learning programme created to meet the knowledge needs of poor livestock keepers in Tamil Nadu, India. The findings from the study illustrate the importance of both appropriate visuals, voice-overs but also the need for addressing issues in the environment in which learning will take place.

11/29/2019 6:45:23 AM +00:00

Technology-enhanced problem-based learning methodology in geographically dispersed learners of TSHWANE university of technology

Improving teaching and learning methodologies is not just a wish but rather strife for most educational institutions globally. To attain this, the Adelaide Tambo School of Nursing Science implemented a Technology-enhanced Problem-Based Learning methodology in the programme B Tech Occupational Nursing, in 2006. This is a two-year post-basic nursing program. The students are geographically dispersed and the curriculum design is the typically student-centred outcomes-based education. The research question posed by this paper is: How does technology-enhanced problem-based learning enhance student-centred learning, thinking skills, social skills and social space for learners? To answer the above question, a case study with both qualitative and quantitative data was utilised. The participants consisted of all students registered for the subject Occupational Health level 4. The sample group was chosen from willing participants from the Pretoria, eMalahleni and Polokwane learning sites, using the snowball method. This method was seen as appropriate due to the timing of the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions. An analyses of the students‟ end of year examination was also done, including a comparison of performances by students on technology enhanced problem-based learning and those on problem-based learning only. The findings revealed that with Technology-enhanced Problem Based Learning (PBL), students‟ critical thinking, problem solving, and social skills improved and that social space was enhanced. This was supported by improved grades in students‟ on Technology-enhanced PBL as compared to those on PBL only.

11/29/2019 6:44:55 AM +00:00

Technology support for engagement retention: The case of backpack

This study extends a post-adoption model on habit and IS continuance to investigate the effect of personalization (which includes personal content management, personal time management and privacy control) on learning system continuance. Empirical results suggest that personalization has a positive influence on perceived usefulness and habit, but does not directly influence continuance intention. The results of the case study indicate consistently that there is a need to archive and re-access past course materials with personalized content, but different constraints (e.g., material format, physical space, etc.) prohibit systematic archiving of all past course materials. Both quantitative and qualitative results suggest retaining personalized learning content is perceived as being useful and would enhance continuance intention indirectly.

11/29/2019 6:44:42 AM +00:00

Supporting teacher reflection through online discussion

The purpose of this case study was to investigate online discussion as a means to promote critical reflection. The study was conducted during a semester-long graduate course on issues related to literacy instructional strategies. The participants in the study were four reading education candidates. During the semester they participated in online discussion about course readings and reflected on their own teaching experiences. The data sources were the online discussion postings, responses to questionnaires, and interviews. The results suggest that technology-mediated discussion strengthens the learning community, facilitates sharing of professional experience among participants, and enhances teacher reflection. The results also point to the multi-faceted nature of teacher reflection.

11/29/2019 6:44:27 AM +00:00

Students’ motivations for social media enhanced studying and learning

Solutions of social media enhanced learning are widely studied in Hypermedia Laboratory at Tampere University of Technology (TUT). In recent years Web 2.0 based social media services (e.g., Facebook® , LinkedIn® , Last.fm® , etc.) have become popular, especially among young people. Based on this phenomenon TUT Hypermedia researchers have developed a social networking site for TUT freshmen aiming to provide convenient tools for interaction and study support. The first idea was to offer a free-of-charge social web site in the context of learning Basic Engineering Mathematics at TUT. This was thought to be an efficient tool to get new students studies off to a good start as mathematics courses play a significant role. However, the prediction failed, which caused us to study students‟ motivations for social network site usage in the study context. This paper describes research conducted in 2009. Moreover, a description of subsequent measures accomplished (e.g., web site development and social network analysis) at TUT is included.

11/29/2019 6:44:14 AM +00:00

Student modelling in adaptive e-Learning systems

Most e-Learning systems provide web-based learning so that students can access the same online courses via the Internet without adaptation, based on each student's profile and behavior. In an e-Learning system, one size does not fit all. Therefore, it is a challenge to make e-Learning systems that are suitably “adaptive”. The aim of adaptive e-Learning is to provide the students the appropriate content at the right time, means that the system is able to determine the knowledge level, keep track of usage, and arrange content automatically for each student for the best learning result. This study presents a proposed system which includes major adaptive features based on a student model. The proposed system is able to initialize the student model for determining the knowledge level of a student when the student registers for the course. After a student starts learning the lessons and doing many activities, the system can track information of the student until he/she takes a test. The student‟s knowledge level, based on the test scores, is updated into the system for use in the adaptation process, which combines the student model with the domain model in order to deliver suitable course contents to the students. In this study, the proposed adaptive e-Learning system is implemented on an “Introduction to Java Programming Language” course, using LearnSquare software. After the system was tested, the results showed positive feedback towards the proposed system, especially in its adaptive capability.

11/29/2019 6:44:02 AM +00:00

Stimulating critical thinking in a virtual learning community with instructor moderations and peer reviews

This mixed methods study investigated the dynamic impacts of instructor moderations and peer reviews on critical thinking (CT) in a virtual learning community. Multiple data sets were collected from online discourses, participants’ written reflections, and learning artifacts, and analyzed and triangulated with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Both instructor moderations and peer reviews had great impacts on learner’s CT in multiple ways, and stimulated CT development throughout the semester. As learners grew with more CT skills, the needs for instructor moderations decreased; yet peer reviews peaked in terms of quantity, length, and depth of discussions. Peer reviews in this study also demonstrated effective questioning patterns, which were positively accepted by students being questioned or criticized, and resulted in changes and improvements in the final learning artifacts. Practical implications for online teaching and learning and community building are discussed, together with suggestions for future research.

11/29/2019 6:43:49 AM +00:00