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Nutrition Screening as easy as mna: A guide to completing the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®)
In addition to this, health measures typically used in empirical studies may be affected by endogenous reporting behaviour. The outcome of a direct question to an individual’s health status may depend on the labour market status of the respondent. There may be economic motives or it may be the case that individual’s are inclined to give their answer conform to social norms. Reporting health as a major determinant for inactivity is socially more accepted, and eligibility conditions for some Social Security Benefits, notably Disability Insurance ...
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Health Problems and Disability of Elderly Individuals in Two Population Groups from Same Geographical Location
This paper focuses on the issue of reporting errors in subjective health measures. We state assumptions under which we can use relatively simple methods to assess the relative importance of state dependent reporting errors in individual responses to health questions. The methods proposed in this paper could be used directly to purge reporting biases from the subjective health responses to generate unbiased measures of health that can be used in subsequent analyses. The methods are applied on Dutch data , It may be clear from the discussion in...
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Oral Care for the Dependent Elderly
As society ages, maintaining oral hygiene so that food can be chewed well and enjoyed is very important in terms of quality of life (QOL). Recently, oral care for the elderly has become a topic of increasing interest, yet many dependent elderly have difficulty brushing their own teeth. Moreover, since it is not easy for family members or caregivers to clean another person's teeth, the teeth of dependent elderly who cannot brush themselves are often simply left unclean. Recently, we are coming to a better understanding of how foreign bodies and bacteria in the mouth are related to...
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Osteoporosis in elderly: prevention and treatment
He reports that seniors rely on interpersonal sources together with internally- produced print materials for their information needs regarding participation in community clubs and organizations. Seniors sought printed resources for hobby-related information seeking. For answers to medical and financial questions, they tended to look primarily to interpersonal sources. Interpersonal sources include physicians and pharmacists, other professionals, family members and friends. In another study, elderly adults were willing to use the Internet as a starting point for general health information, but when it came to making informed decisions about their health care, the majority adhered to a physician- centered care model....
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Enhancing Elderly Care Services in Asia and the Pacific
significant ramifications for the overall health of seniors. Firstly, seniors tend to turn to their doctors as their primary source of medical information. Secondly, they have, in general, resisted turning to the Internet for their primary medical information seeking needs. These two characteristics are significant due to changing trends in medicine. With HMO’s and hospitals demanding that doctors see a certain number of patients each day, the average amount of time a doctor spends with her patient is fifteen minutes (Belzer 1999, n.p.). Fifteen minutes may not provide enough time for seniors to garner the information necessary to make critical...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
Inappropriate Medication Use and Health Outcomes in the Elderly
It seems apparent that new medical information resources are needed for this population group if they are to make informed decisions about their health. Studies indicate that patients who ask questions, discuss treatment options, express opinions, and state preferences during physician office visits have demonstrably better health outcomes than those who do not (Campbell and Nolfi 2005, n.p.) It is important to question how elderly patients can make the little time they have with their doctor count. Complicating the results of other studies that indicate the elderly prefer communication with their doctors to gather medical information, the Gladden study...
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Caring for the Elderly and Holding Down a Job: How Are Women Coping in Japan?
This hesitancy on the part of patients to seek the information needed may have resulted from feeling helpless due to hospitalization. How can seniors feel more proactive about their health care and less like victims? The Internet may not be able to help the elderly when they are already hospitalized, but it could be a useful resource to help them before they enter the hospital. The library could provide a significant “safe place” to find information about their health—a place where they could access traditional reference sources (books, articles, and reference librarians) in addition to the Internet where they would...
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GAIT PARAMETERS OF HEALTHY, ELDERLY PEOPLE
Overall, adults age 65 and over do not appear to be using the Internet. This population has resisted going online, but all age groups have begun to gain ground as users. (Laurich 2002, 176). Laurich maintains that the elderly believe the Internet does not contain information highly relevant to their needs. Moreover, more than any other age group, they tend not to have Internet access either in their home or at work, though they do use the Internet at libraries. 22% of adults 65 and older have access to the Internet. Of the 22% of the US adults aged 65...
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Population Aging: Facts, Challenges, and Responses
The National Telecommunications & Information Administration (2002, n.p.) has reported that Americans 65 and older rarely perform the following Internet-based activities: visiting chat rooms, playing games, visiting job sites, listening to music, trading stocks, or participating in listservs. Wicks (2004) found that reading was one of the most popular past-times of the elderly interviewed in his study. The majority of them used the library to rent books, audio, videos and participate in library programs. If the elderly comprise a large part of the library-going population, then the library could be the best source for medical information and information literacy...
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Anticoagulation in the Elderly
In general, libraries play an important role in how the elderly seek information. Information literacy efforts on the part of public libraries may help the elderly to learn to become more comfortable with the Internet. If they come to view the Internet as an information-seeking tool, they may become more proactive in their medical decision-making. It remains to be seen how libraries will play a future role in teaching information literacy to the elderly so they can make the most of Internet health resources. To accommodate the manner in which seniors currently seek information, my pathfinder focuses primarily on...
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Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Frail Elderly
One potential benefit of early identification is the ability to plan for the anticipated further cognitive decline. For example, the assignment of a sustaining power of attorney can be made at a time before mental incompetence occurs, obviating more complex maneuvers to handle an individual’s estate at a later date. The ability to discuss advance directives with an individual is another potential benefit. Planning and consideration of timely relocation to a more protected environment may also be beneficial and early involvement with caregiver support groups may assist individuals in dealing with ultimate disability. None of these theoretical advantages has been subjected to appropriate study....
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Reliability and Intensity of the Six-Minute Walk Test in Healthy Elderly Subjects
Potential negative consequences of early identification of cognitive impairment clearly exist. Labelling an individual as demented may affect his or her ability to obtain life or health insurance, and may influence attitudes towards the individual by health care professionals and others. The label of Alzheimer’s disease may cause prejudice and difficulty in gaining admission to some long-term facilities. The negative effects of labelling an older person as demented have not been studied systematically, although a small body of social science literature explores this important area. Negative attitudes have been identified among professionals and lay people....
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Self-care of the elderly in nakornnayok province
Despite the theoretical advantages of identifying individuals with cognitive impairment, there is no evidence to indicate whether this leads to a net benefit or risk to the individual. Although pharmaceutica agents are able to produce measurable changes in cognitive performance in people with Alzheimer’s disease, none has been shown to result consistently in clinically significant improvement. The high cost of investigation to exclude reversible causes of dementia, and the negative effects of labelling are examples of potential harm. Identification of asymptomatic cognitively impaired individuals by the use of short mental status tests or by any other means has not been demonstrated to produce benefit. Thus there is insufficient evidence to recommend...
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The Elderly and Social Isolation
A growing literature has demonstrated that neighborhoods of residence affect health and may contribute to socioeconomic disparities in health. Contextual effects have been documented across a wide spectrum of populations, including both children and adults. However, neighborhood effects on the health of the elderly are currently understudied. Neighborhoods of residence across the lifecourse are likely to affect health status in late life and to contribute to observed disparities for several reasons. Neighborhoods have been demonstrated to have effects on health throughout early and mid life. Further, for most people, their most salient health events occur later in life. Thus, one...
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Medicare, Medicaid, and the Elderly Poor
Neighborhood features may be protective or harmful for health of persons once in old age. Given the rapidly aging population, and the potential economic and social benefits of having older persons age in place, understanding the effects of neighborhoods on the health of the elderly is important for the formulation of public policy. In this paper, we provide an overview of what is known about neighborhoods and health in late life and discuss the potential and challenges of using national survey data to study this topic. We begin with a theoretical model of how neighborhoods affect health throughout the...
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Neighborhoods and the Health of the Elderly: Challenges in Using National Survey Data
Neighborhoods may influence late-life health through a number of pathways (see Figure 1). The IOM (1991) disablement framework, which distinguishes among disease, functional limitation, and disability, serves as the starting point for this framework. We extend the IOM framework to include mortality and self-rated general health status, which are both influenced by disease, functional limitation, and disability, as well as the variety of individual and neighborhood factors that influence health in general. We highlight this process in late-life in the Figure, although the process happens continuously throughout the lifecourse; that is, similar “early-life health” and “mid-life health” boxes exist, which...
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Gender inequality in health among elderly people in a combined framework of socioeconomic position, family characteristics and social support
The second domain, environmental pollutants, encompasses exposures that might bring about chronic conditions or exacerbate these conditions. We include in this domain air, water, and other toxic pollutants. For example, repeated exposure to toxic waste sites may result in malignancies later in life (American Cancer Society, 2002), which in turn may lead to functional decline (Teno et al., 2001; Michael et al., 2000). Thus, exposure to water contamination or toxic wastes is likely to affect health status, particularly though cumulated effects in the lifecourse. Similarly, air pollution may make it difficult for someone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to climb...
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Screening for Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
The third domain includes features related to safety, mobility, and access. Again these factors may operate on late-life health either through a cumulative process on the underlying health trajectory or by directly facilitating/impeding activities in old age. For example, by providing safe places to participate in physical activity, the availability of parks and recreation may facilitate healthy behaviors that have a beneficial affect on health well into late life (Brownson et al, 2001; Jackson & Kochtitzky, 2001). In addition, by enhancing the current environment, such features may promote functioning outside the home in late-life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,...
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Medical Information Seeking Behavior of the Elderly & Pathfinder
Access to basic services in the community is also likely to influence the health of elders. For instance, having an accessible health care provider will enable elderly persons to obtain needed medical attention more easily (IOM, 2002). Similarly, ready access to a full service grocery store will provide better and more affordable access to food supplies. Proper nutrition is known to contribute to better health in the elderly (IOM, 2000). The presence of religious institutions in the community may provide social supports that have protective effects on health (Krause, 1998). ...
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Seroquel: Highlights Of Prescribing Information
Access to basic services and mobility are both enhanced by public transportation and street connectivity (i.e., streets lead to other streets and stores, rather than just ending in cul-de-sacs). Having access to a car, or the use of mass transit, may enable greater mobility and utilization of local resources. Street connectivity may result in smaller walkable neighborhoods and create the opportunity to walk, both recreationally and to complete necessary errands independently. Research has demonstrated that people walk more when they live in communities that have greater housing and population density and more street connectivity. This, in turn, enhances opportunities for...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
Health Care for the Elderly - How Much? Who Will Pay For It
The social and economic environment is the fourth domain. A key factor in this domain is crime (Lawton, Nahemow and Yeh, 1980). Fear of crime is an important factor in reducing physical activity outside the home for elderly persons (Dowd, Sisson and Kern, 1981). It is also a stressor that can influence health through pathways related to chronic stress. Fear of crime is related both to actual crime levels and to deteriorated aspects of the physical environment such as vacant buildings, litter and homeless persons (Rohe and Burby, 1988; Krause, 1996). Another important stressor in the social environment is the...
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Attitudes, barriers and facilitators for health promotion in the elderly in primary care
A qualitative focus group study with a total of 37 general practitioners (GPs) was conducted. To reflect the German speaking and the French speaking part of Switzerland, the focus groups were conducted in both areas. Of the five fo- cus group interviews, three were conducted in Zurich with GPs working in and around Zurich. Two focus group inter- views were conducted in Geneva with GPs working in and around Geneva. All focus groups were composed of six to nine GPs. GPs were recruited by sending a letter to a ran- dom sample of GPs from an existing address database. The GPs who agreed to join the study were allocated to...
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SOCIAL AND HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE ELDERLY
Gerontology, the study of ageing and the elderly, deals not only with the physical process of ageing, but also with the related social and cultural factors. There are two contradictory processes we are concerned with. Elderly people in modern societies are of lower social status and with less power than in sub-modern societies, but are less prone to accept ageing as an unavoidable process of decay of the human body. Gerontology, the study of ageing and the elderly, deals not only with the physical process of ageing, but also with the related social and cultural factors. There are two...
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Social Justice, Health Disparities, and Culture in the Care of the Elderly
Though it is widely recognized that the population of the United States is aging, much of our current understanding in the field of individual decision making is based on data from student populations. While this could be a consequence of subject availability, it may reflect a common though largely unsubstantiated belief that decision making ability declines with aging (Peters 2000). Many older individuals are productive and intellectually viable throughout their lives. Still, others are vulnerable to dementia and neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease. Our objective in this study is to begin to characterize the relationship between economic...
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Health Supportive Design in Elderly Care Homes: ∗ Swedish Examples and their Implication to Korean Counterparts
Tham khảo tài liệu 'health supportive design in elderly care homes: ∗ swedish examples and their implication to korean counterparts', y tế - sức khoẻ, sức khỏe người cao tuổi phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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Appropriate prescribing in elderly people: how well can it be measured and optimised?
We studied four types of decisions with a potential for age effects. One feature of wisdom, which presumably is acquired over a lifetime, is meta-knowledge, accurately knowing one's own knowledge and abilities. We assessed this with self-reported confidence on answers to trivia questions. A common stereotype of older people is that they are “conservative, dislike taking risk and are “set in their ways”. We tested this stereotype using choices over monetary gambles similar to those performed by psychologists and biologists . The monetary gambles include incomplete and complete information designs (i.e., where probabilities are...
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The State of Aging and Health in America
In these experiments the choices involved gambles for everyday objects (e.g. a coffee mug). It has been suggested that observed differences are due to an asymmetry of preferences between losses and gains, which might be exacerbated by age. Finally, both younger and older subjects participated in beauty contest games, in which strategic thinking plays a central role. In each case the experiments were taken from the literature allowing us to focus on age differences rather than on theories behind the experiments....
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True An Innovative Program For Elderly Inmates
Research suggests that non-expert individuals are typically overconfident; they overestimate the quality of their own abilities or knowledge (Svenson 1981, Weinstein 1980) and state extreme probabilities more often than they should. Work in economic theory, particularly with business-related forecasting, has provided further support for this behavioral phenomenon (Camerer and Lovallo, 1999). The reasons for overconfidence when answering trivia questions are a subject of intense debate among decision theorists (Ayton and McClelland 1997). Three prominent explanations have emerged. One argument is that it is an illusion created by asymmetrically misleading items in investigation methods (Juslin 1994, Gigerenzer et al. ...
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The old age Personal Hygiene Of elderly people and Improvements
Tham khảo tài liệu 'the old age personal hygiene of elderly people and improvements', y tế - sức khoẻ, sức khỏe người cao tuổi phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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Today’s Research on Aging - Effects of Early Life on Elderly Health
Both groups of subjects display overconfidence at some levels and neither group shows underconfidence at any level. Older subjects' assessments are significantly more accurate at 60% (p
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