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EHLE PROJECT TRAINING TOOLKIT: HANDBOOK
To answer the first question, dietary intake data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) for adults aged 19-64 years (2000/01) was compared with nutrient recommendations for health and the Eatwell plate. This confirmed the fact that the UK diet is too high in saturated fat, sugar and salt, and low in fibre compared with dietary recommendations. Furthermore, a shift to more fruit, vegetables and starch-based food and to fewer high fat and/or sugar types of food and high protein-based food (particularly meat) is needed. From the NDNS data it was estimated that the GHGE from the UK adult...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Health Expenditures and the Elderly: A Survey of Issues in Forecasting, Methods Used, and Relevance for Developing Countries
Total GHGEs from the food supply can be split by a nominal boundary of the regional distribution centre (RDC), i.e. primary commodity production and transport to the RDC (pre-RDC) and processing, transport to retail, storage, preparation and waste (post-RDC), in the ratio of 56:44 (Audsley et al. 2009). It is recognised, however, that this is only a nominal boundary as it is not always clear exactly where primary production ends and processing begins for different types of food. Given the limited data available for post-RDC for individual food commodities, the focus in this report was on changing food choice...
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A healthier elderly population in Sweden!
The resulting list of food items, which could be viewed as an example of a ‘shopping list’ for a week, was used to create a seven-day sample menu to demonstrate that food could be combined into a recognisable and varied diet, with examples of the type of meals. The menu was only an illustration as there are many different ways in which the food could be combined and therefore should not be interpreted as a definitive diet. There are many different combinations of food that could meet dietary recommendations and GHGE targets; substitution of food in the list could take...
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Health Insurance Coverage of the Near Elderly
In this report, only GHGEs have been addressed but other environmental, social and ethical aspects of sustainability could be included in future to explore wider impacts, as well as identifying any possible unintended consequences of changing the diet. This project should be viewed as a first step towards developing a diet that meets both dietary recommendations and GHGE targets, which has been shown to be possible. The real challenge will be to develop a clear, consistent message for the public and to find ways of supporting change towards a diet for a healthy population and environment. It is clear, however,...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Healthy and active ageing
In 2008 the Cabinet Office published Food Matters: Towards a Strategy for the 21st Century (Cabinet Office 2008), which set out some of the concerns about current food consumption in the UK and its impact on health, and the economic, social and environmental sustainability of food production. It concluded that the current diet is not sustainable for either public health or the environment. In brief, the diet of the UK population is failing to meet dietary recommendations, with high intakes of saturated fat, sugar and salt, and low intakes of fruit and vegetables (Henderson et al. 2003, FSA 2010). It...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Barriers and Drivers of Health Information Technology Use for the Elderly, Chronically Ill, and Underserved
In terms of economic stability and growth, in 2008 the UK food and drink industry accounted for 7% of the national output, supporting about 3.7million jobs (Cabinet Office 2008). Trying to balance these complex elements of sustainability poses an enormous challenge. While some synergies can be found there are also a number of conflicting goals and potential tensions. For example, a recent report by the Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) suggested that while reducing the consumption of food and drink with low nutritional values could have a positive impact on public health, environmental sustainability and social inequalities, it could possibly have...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
ICT enabled independent living for elderly: A status-quo analysis on products and the research landscape in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) in EU-27
With increasing global temperatures and the impact of climate change, it is accepted that there needs to be a reduction in global GHGEs which are contributing to climate change. As part of the UK Climate Change Act 2008 (www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27) targets were set to cut the total annual GHGEs in the UK by at least 80% by 2050, with an interim target of a reduction of 34% by 2020 (based on the 1990 levels). The food system is a major contributor to GHGEs, with the food chain estimated to account for approximately a fifth of total GHGEs in the UK, the...
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Impacts of nutrition and human services interventions on the health of elderly and disabled persons in public housing
Attempts to meet GHGE targets from the food chain must not be made in isolation because any dietary recommendations to reduce GHGEs must also meet dietary requirements for the health of the population. The most recent population-based energy and nutrient requirements were published in 1991 by the Department of Health (DoH 1991), with subsequent recommendations for specific food items such as fruit and vegetables, red and processed meat, and fish set by other organisations such as the Food Standards Agency and the World Cancer Research Fund (FSA 2007, WCRF 2007). The Department of Health dietary recommendations are now almost 20...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Enhancing Interaction Spaces by Social Media for the Elderly: A Workshop Report
Despite the long-established recommendations and public health messages, the population is still failing to achieve a healthy balanced diet. To date public health messages for dietary intakes have focused on the impact on health outcomes and have not addressed any of the wider issues relating to sustainability. It is recognised that this could be complex, but it is important to add some of the wider issues of sustainability into current dietary advice if a single, consistent message about the diet is to be given to the public, government and industry. The next step therefore is to build on the dietary...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
SELF-CARE OF THE HOME- DWELLING ELDERLY PEOPLE LIVING IN SLOVENIA
This project was funded by WWF-UK as part of its One Planet Food Programme (2009-2012). The programme aims to reduce the global environmental and social impacts of UK food consumption and help safeguard the natural world, tackle climate change and the way we live. It is intended to stimulate debate about how changes in the UK diet may go some way towards achieving the programme goals outlined in Box 1. Given the short timeframe and scope of the present project, the work focused on the first of the One Planet Food Programme goals, which is to reduce GHGEs from...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Using well-being technology in monitoring elderly people - a new service concept
The specific objective was to take the principles of the Eatwell plate (FSA 2007), which was designed to illustrate the balance of food and drinks that should be consumed for a healthy diet, and develop a ‘Livewell’ plate. The Livewell plate would be designed not only to achieve the dietary recommendations for health but also meet the GHGE targets. In the short term, not only does the diet need to meet both these requirements but any future diet also needs to be acceptable to the UK consumer if we are realistically to expect people to change their current diet. For...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
NATIONAL STUDY OF ASSISTED LIVING FOR THE FRAIL ELDERLY: LITERATURE REVIEW UPDATE
At the outset it should be stressed that the published data available for GHGE for food and drinks is very limited and the values are only approximate. Values can vary between different sources of data, with inconsistencies partly explained by differences in the assumptions made in the calculations and methodologies used to estimate GHGEs. While this makes it difficult to combine datasets, the general hierarchy of GHGEs from different food groups is reasonably consistent. Unlike the national food and nutrient composition databases, which contain nutrient information for an extensive range of food and drinks, there is no equivalent database for...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Livewell: a balance of healthy and sustainable food choices
In January 2009 WWF-UK launched its One Planet Food programme, which aims to reduce the environmental and social impacts of food consumption in the UK. We work across the food chain to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs), protect biodiversity and reduce the impact of food on finite water resources. The aim has always been to move away from unsustainable food choices, towards sustainable ones that support global agriculture and biodiversity. Since 1960 the world’s population has doubled, increasing the demand for food and impacting on the climate and our ecosystems. Agriculture is one of the direct drivers in the...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Long-Term Care for the Elderly with Disabilities: Current Policy, Emerging Trends, and Implications for the Twenty-First Century
One likely reason for the lack of attention to the older population is that fertility in Cambodia has remained high and thus the share of the population who are age 60 and over is relatively small, especially compared to a number of other southeast Asian countries where population aging is far more rapid. According to the most recent UN assessment, only 5.6 percent of the Cambodian population is aged 60 and over although it is projected to slowly increase in the coming decades (United Nations 2005). One unusual feature of today’s Cambodian older population is the large predominance of...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Food and Nutrition for Life: Malnutrition and Older Americans
Given the unusual circumstances of Cambodia and their likely impacts on the older population, considerable effort was made to develop a survey questionnaire that not only would cover the standard issues about elderly economic, social and physical well-being that are the focus of recent surveys of older age populations in the region but also issues specific for the situation in Cambodia. The latter included questions to capture the dramatic political history that caused so much social upheaval in the lives of older Cambodians over the past several decades, the impact of illness and death of adult children, and awareness and...
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OLDER ADULTS AND MENTAL HEALTH: ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
A representative sample survey of 1273 persons aged 60 and older living in private households was conducted in an area covering over half of Cambodia's population which includes Phnom Penh and the five most populated provinces (Kampong Cham, Kandal, Prey Veng, Battambang, and Takeo). 1 The location of the provinces covered are shown in Figure 1. Sampling procedures are described in detail in Appendix A. Samples were drawn separately for Phnom Penh and the other five provinces taken collectively using somewhat different procedures for the two domains. In addition, in sampled households we interviewed only one elderly member regardless of...
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G UIDELINES FOR ELDERLY MENTAL HEALTH CARE PLANNING FOR BEST PRACTICES FOR HEALTH AUTHORITIES
Fieldwork took place in two main stages. The first stage took place in April 2004 in Phnom Penh where 400 interviews were conducted and the second stage in July and August 2004 in the five provinces and involved 800 interviews. In addition, because of problems encountered during the initial fieldwork in Phnom Penh, supplemental interviewing was undertaken in June, August and September. This resulted in an additional 73 interviews, making the total Phnom Penh sample size 473. 2 A detailed description of response rates is provided in Appendix C. Refusal rates were 8.5% in Phnom compared to...
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THE ELDERLY AND MOBILITY: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
We now turn to presenting results. After examining the demographic characteristics of Cambodian elders, we explore a number of social, economic and health issues in that order. When presenting the results in tabular form, we limit examination of differentials to gender, location (Phnom Penh versus the remainder of the provinces) and age (60-69 versus 70+). Each of these dimensions are typically of interest for both academics and policy-makers. Given that the present report is intended as an overview, we defer more detailed examination of these issues for future more focused reports. ...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Incorporating the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
For each of the three external sources, in addition to national results, results limited to the six province area covered by the SEC are also shown to increase comparability with the SEC. As comparisons between national and SEC area results from the external sources make clear, the older population in the six SEC provinces resembles fairly closely the older population at the national level, at least with respect to the characteristics included in the table. Perhaps the largest difference, as indicated by the 2000 DHS, is that the older population in the six provinces covered by SEC are slightly...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Nutrition and Nutritional Care of Elderly People in Finnish Nursing Homes and Hospitals
The sex distribution in SEC is reasonably close to that in the 1998 census and 2000 DHS. The 1999 Socioeconomic Survey is somewhat out of line with the other sources. Likewise, the age distribution of older persons in the SEC is quite similar to that in the other sources. The marital status distribution in the SES for men is also fairly similar to that found in the other three sources but not for women. The SEC sample has relatively fewer women who are currently married and relatively more who are widowed than indicated by the census and the...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Indian Foods: AAPI’s Guide To Health, Nutrition, and Diabetes
The percent literate in the SEC is substantially higher than indicated for the population 60 and over in the 1998 census. This largely reflects a process of cohort succession through which persons who were 54-59 in 1998, and thus not part of the 60+ population at that time, aged into the 60 and over population by 2004 while at the same time some persons who were 60 or over in 1998 died, especially among the oldest age groups. Since literacy was generally increasing over time in Cambodia, the average literacy level of younger cohorts who moved into the...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Eating well for older people: Practical and nutritional guidelines for food in residential and nursing homes and for community meals
This process of cohort succession is thus increasing the average literacy rate of the population 60 and older over time. In addition, Phnom Penh elderly represent a larger share of the SEC sample than of the national population of elderly and, as indicated above, since the literacy level of Phnom Penh elderly is above the national average, this also has the effect of raising the average literacy level compared to nationally representative census results. However when tabulations of SEC are limited to persons 66 and older to correspond to the cohorts who were 60 and older in 1998, the...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Oral health and institutionalised elderly
Again, however, an appropriate comparisons needs to take account of the fact that the SEC took place four years later and the process of cohort succession would affect results in the same way as was noted for literacy with respect to comparisons with the census. Thus when DHS results are calculated for persons aged 56 and older (who would be 60 and older in 2004) and limited to the provinces covered by the SEC sample, the percentages who ever attended school are reasonably similar in the two sources. Overall the comparison of basic demographic characteristics from the 2004...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Oral health behaviour, conditions and care among dentate elderly patients in Lithuania: preventive aspects
Given the virtual absence of formal channels for care and support of the older population, older Cambodians are dependent largely on their families, and particularly their adult children, for any assistance needed. Table 7 indicates the number of living children of the current generation of elderly Cambodians. Although many elderly Cambodians lost children during the tumultuous history of the last several decades, sustained high fertility has resulted in substantial numbers of children who still survive. Among the 5% who have neither a biological child of their own nor a step child through their spouse, almost a third have...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Population Aging and Economic Growth in China
Most Cambodian elders have both living sons and daughters. Reflecting the higher mortality of males, including losses due to political violence associated with the Khmer Rouge period and its aftermath, the average number of surviving daughters modestly exceeds that of surviving sons. Some differences in the number of living children are evident according to sex, location and age of elders. Elderly men average larger numbers of surviving children than elderly women, reflecting the fact that men are far more likely to remarry than women in cases of marital dissolution. Thus men spend more time in reproductive unions...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Implications of Population Aging for Economic Growth
The average number of living children is lower in Phnom Penh than in the five provinces. This apparently is the result of lower past fertility levels of current Phnom Penh elderly rather than higher losses of children through mortality. In fact, respondents in Phnom Penh report fewer deaths of their children than do those in the provinces (results not shown). Older elders average somewhat smaller numbers of surviving children than younger elders. This reflects higher mortality among the children of older elders due at least in part to the longer exposure to mortality to which...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Occupational therapy interventions and physical activity interventions to promote the mental wellbeing of older people in primary care and residential care
Respondents were also asked about the importance of religion for them and about their religious practices. Results are shown in Table 10 for Buddhists and Moslems. Given the small number of Moslems in the sample, caution is appropriate when interpreting the results. Clearly religion is very important for a substantial majority of Cambodian elders. Three fourths of Buddhists and over 90% of Moslems in our sample indicated that religion was very important for them. This varied very little across gender and residence. There is a modest increase with age in the proportion of Buddhists who indicated religion is very...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Prevention of Injury Guidance Document
Most Buddhists visit the temple at least once or twice a month and more than half do so at least weekly. The frequency of visiting the temple does not differ very much between elderly Buddhist men and women but is somewhat more frequent in the provinces than in Phnom Penh. Older Buddhist elderly are somewhat less likely than their younger counterparts to go to the temple during the previous month. While this may seem contradictory to the higher proportion of older than younger elderly Buddhists who indicated that religion was very important for them, it is likely a reflection...
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION OF MISSING TEETH AND ORAL HEALTH IN THE ELDERLY
The vast majority of Buddhists also indicated that they meditated during the past month and just over half indicated they meditated at least several times a week. Elderly women meditate somewhat more frequently than men. Provincial elders also reported more frequent meditation than those in Phnom Penh. However older elderly meditate more frequently than younger elderly, a finding that is consistent with the higher percentage of older elderly who indicate religion is very important for them. Among Muslims there is a very sharp difference between men and women with respect to visiting a mosque during a previous month....
8/30/2018 1:57:07 AM +00:00
Elderly Health and Salaries in the Mexican Labor Market
In contrast two thirds of the elderly Muslim women indicated they did not visit the mosque during the past month. This is presumably a function of religious rules limiting access to the mosque for women. Although visiting the mosque does not differ greatly among Moslems in Phnom Penh and the provinces, older Moslems are less likely to do so. Praying is very common among Moslems. Over 90% indicated they prayed at least several times a week. This differs little between men and women but is more frequent among Moslems in the provinces than in Phnom Penh...
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