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Identification of healthy elderly fallers and non-fallers by gait analysis under dual-task conditions
The groups also differed in their response distributions. The younger subjects spread out their responses across the confidence levels: half of their selections were evenly distributed among the intermediate confidence levels. In the older subjects, the majority of the responses were given with either 100% or 50% confidence (in calibration terms, their assessments had “higher resolution”). While older subjects reported a confidence of 100% significantly more often than the younger subjects (p...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
Positive modulation of cognition and mood in the healthy elderly volunteer following the administration of Centella asiatica
In the modified gambling task, subjects selected cards from one of two decks to earn cash. The cards were pre-organized so that one deck (A) had an overall loss of $2.50 every ten cards and the other deck (B) had an overall gain of $2.50 every ten cards. All the cards in deck A gave a $1.00 on every turn but were occasionally accompanied with losses, $7.50 for example (for a net loss of $6.50). The other deck B gave a smaller gain for each card, +$0.50 but had smaller occasional losses. Subjects did not know the composition...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
LONG TERM FEEDING TUBE PLACEMENT IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Tham khảo tài liệu 'long term feeding tube placement in elderly patients', y tế - sức khoẻ, sức khỏe người cao tuổi phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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Antioxidant capacity in relationship to serum lipid peroxides levels in healthy elderly of Mexico City*
In our second gambling experiment subjects were asked to make six choices. For each choice subjects had to select one of two decks of 10 cards. Unlike Bechara et al. experiment, subjects saw the payoffs from each of the ten cards in the pair of decks before making their selection. Once they decided which deck they wanted, the ten cards were shuffled and the subjects selected one card. In all six choices one of the two decks had a positive mean payoff, and the other deck had a nonpositive payoff. The deck with the positive average payoff had a...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
Memory training alters hippocampal neurochemistry in healthy elderly
We do not see significant differences in behavior of the younger and older subjects. Somewhat surprisingly subjects more often than not chose the lower average payoff decks. Among older subjects, 58% chose the lower payoff decks on four or more of the six choices, while 59% of the younger subjects did so (Table 1 and Figure 3). The proportions were similar across age groups for each of the six different deck pairs Older women were significantly more likely than older men to choose the lower mean, higher variance decks (Figure 4).Of the 54 choices made by the...
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Visuospatial Memory in Healthy Elderly, AD and MCI: A Review
The observed differences between willingness to pay and willingness to accept have been labeled an “endowment effect”, intimating that the phenomena is due to loss- aversion to the domain of choices over bundles of goods and money (Thaler, 1980; Tversky and Kahneman, 1991;Camerer, Loewenstein and Prelec,2003). The theoretical idea is that an individual who owns a good anticipates a loss from the sale and, thus requires a higher payoff than the individual would pay to acquire the good if it were not owned (Kahneman 1991, Kahneman 1990, Knetsch 1989, Knetsch 1984). In other words, the willingness to accept (WTA)...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
THE DEMOGRAPHIC FACES OF THE ELDERLY
Some recent experiments support a claim that the observed differences between willingness to pay and willingness to accept are related to experimental procedures and have nothing to do with preference asymmetries (Plott and Zeiler (2003)) or are eliminated by trading experience (List, 2003). Older people are often presumed to be more conservative and more likely to avoid risk. If this is true, then it would seem natural to expect loss avoidance to be stronger in the older populations. Alternatively, it may be that older people having experienced the loss of many everyday items have learned that such...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
Aspects considering new and current forms of housing for elderly
The fixed offer was randomly determined and not based on the actual value of the item (Becker, DeGroot and Marschak (1964)). For sellers, if WTA was less than or equal to the random offer, they gave up their item and received the amount of the random offer. If the WTA was greater, they kept the item. For buyers, if the WTP was greater than or equal to the random offer, they purchased the item for the amount of the random offer. If the WTP was less than the amount of the random offer, they kept their money. Subjects...
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Gait Pattern Classification of Healthy Elderly Men Based on Biomechanical Data
There were a total of three rounds in the task: the first two were hypothetical and the last was the actual round. A pen and a picture frame were used in the hypothetical situations, and a coffee mug was used for the actual situation. Only the actual round had a real payoff, either the mug or the cash value of the fixed offer. On the third round when each subject has determined their offer they wrote it on an index card and place it inside an envelope (both items were provided) along with the amount of the WTA or WTP....
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
We the American...ELDERLY
The data exhibit no significant differences between WTA and WTP in either group. Thus, for these findings, endowment effect theory must be rejected. We also conclude that there is no significant difference between the young and the old. Excluding the difference of reference states, the experimental design was identical for both the seller and buyer groups. The median seller price is higher than the median buying price for each sample (Table 2). In the actual round, the coffee cup round, the median offer price for the sellers in the older population is $2.50 and...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
HEALTHY CITY SEONGBUK PROJECT BASED ON INTEGRATED ELDERLY-FRIENDLY POLICY
In many situations a decision maker's outcome does not depend on his or her own choice alone but upon the choices of others. Investing in the stock market, crossing an intersection where there is opposing traffic, and playing poker are all examples. A game known as the “p-beauty-contest” has been widely used in economic studies to examine some of the simplest principles of interdependent decision making (Nagel 1995, Nagel 1999, Stahl 2001). In the “p-beauty-contest” game subjects select a number in the range [0, 100] and the winner is the individual whose selection is closest to...
8/30/2018 2:01:16 AM +00:00
Aging and Decision Making: A Comparison between Neurologically Healthy Elderly and Young Individuals
Given that thinking steps have been shown to be modestly correlated with the efficiency of working memory (measured by digit span; see Devetag and Warglien, 2003) and aging may reduce working memory or, potentially, some other cognitive process related to strategic reasoning, these changes could lead older subjects to use lower values of n, and to choose higher numbers than younger subjects. For the actual task, participants were told that they would be playing with nine other individuals from their research population, who had gone through identical procedures before providing their numbers. A written questionnaire was used to outline the...
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White Matter Changes Compromise Prefrontal Cortex Function in Healthy Elderly Individuals
We report the results of experiments on economic decisions with two populations, one of healthy elderly individuals (average age 82) and one of younger students (average age 20). We examine confidence, decisions under uncertainty, differences between willingness to pay and willingness to accept and the theory of mind (strategic thinking). Our findings indicate that the older adults’ decision behavior is similar to that of young adults, contrary to the notion that economic decision making is impaired with age. Choices over lotteries do not reflect the age differences previously reported in the psychology and biology literature. ...
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Cardiovascular tolerance of healthy elderly subjects to weight-lifting exercises
For both groups we combined all the answers in which subjects gave the same confidence assessment and calculated how often they were right. Good calibration means that the fraction of correct answers should be about equal to the stated confidence level. For example, on questions where subjects said they were 80 percent confident, they should be right about 80 percent of time. If subjects are well calibrated, then a graph of the percent correct against the confidence levels should lie near a 45◦ line. Points below the line would represent overconfidence and points abovewould showunderconfidence. Fig. 1 contains these scatters for both older and younger subjects, along...
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Caregiver Stress and Elder Abuse
Both groups of subjects display overconfidence at some levels, and neither group shows underconfidence at any level. Older subjects’ assessments are significantly more accurate at 60 percent (P
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Helping the elderly with activity limitations
In the modified gambling task, subjects selected cards from one of two decks to earn cash. The cards were pre-organized so that one deck (A) had an overall loss of $2.50 every 10 cards and the other deck (B) had an overall gain of $2.50 every 10 cards. All the cards in deck A gave $1.00 on every turn but were occasionally accompanied with losses, $7.50 for example (for a net loss of $6.50). The other deck B gave a smaller gain for each card, +$0.50 but had smaller occasional losses. Subjects did not know the composition of the decks (given in Appendix B). Subjects were...
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Healthy Ageing – Strengthen Community Action
Bechara et al. conducted their gambling task with a population of healthy adults and a population of individuals with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VM). They found that the VM patients, unlike the healthy adults, did not gradually shift their choices to the more advantageous deck B. Other studies employing Bechara’s design have found that individuals with damaged orbitofrontal cortex have an impaired ability at adapting their deck preferences to deck B in comparison to control subjects (Damasio, 1994). Denburg et al. (1999) administered this task with a population of healthy older adults and argued that the older individuals behave similarly to the frontal-lobe-damaged subjects. Our...
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Chronic Disease, Functional Status and Quality Of Life Among The Elderly In Singapore
Consistent with the results of the Bechara study, our subjects gradually concentrated their choices on deck B (Fig. 2). The beginning phase of the task was an exploratory period in which both populations sampled each deck equally. For the next 20 draws subjects shifted towards deck B drawing on average 8 of the 20 cards from deck A. In the final 10 draws both groups largely abandoned deck A: on average the younger subjects chose deck A two times of 10 and the older subjects chose deck A three times of 10. In summary both populations appear to have adapted the same way to the payoffs....
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Physical health and functional ability of an elderly, population in Sri, Lanka
The elderly population is seen differently in developing and developed countries. In the former, the age limit for a person to be considered old is 60 years; in the latter, this age limit is 65 years. This differentiation emerged during the First United Nations World Summit on Population Aging, through Resolution number 39/125(1). The need to establish chronological parameters for old age becomes more relevant as social and health actions are scheduled. When it comes to elderly healthcare, its main purpose is to achieve the maintenance of good health conditions, so that these individuals can maximize their active life, in the environment they are inserted in, along with their families, with physical, mental...
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Impact of Culture on Depressive Symptoms of Elderly Chinese Immigrants
Issues related with powerlessness are usually present in their everyday life, especially as of the moment when people escape from patterns considered acceptable by society, being marginalized and deprived of possibilities. This fact occurs, for instance, with the elderly population, which is sometimes acknowledged as incapable of making its own decisions or even assuming its role within society. The health of the individuals and its alleged promotion seem to be closely related with power, which implies freedom of choice about several issues. Many of these issues are loaded with ethical dilemmas. During the aging process, a number of losses are perceived, as a natural result of the lifecycle, which culminates in old...
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NEW EUMEMBER STATES AND THE DEPENDENT ELDERLY
Gerontogeriatric nursing groups knowledge and nursing practices derived from General Nursing, Geriatrics and Gerontology(3). Gerontogeriatric nursing is, in addition, a specific branch of nursing that delivers care to the elderly at all levels of prevention, i.e., from health promotion to rehabilitation. This nomenclature was selected because it is understood as being more comprehensive and adequate(4). The purpose of this article was to review the history of health policies focused on the elderly, initially by using international health conferences, and then going through national policies, correlating them with the loss of power usually attributed to the elderly. Nola Penders health promotion model was used to interconnect the themes, resulting in empowerment as a health promotion...
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Cognitive function and brain structure correlations in healthy elderly East Asians
To better understand the international perspective of public policies for the elderly, in line with the parameters that serve as tendencies for national policies, one must contextualize international health conferences that had health promotion as their central topic. Since the Declaration of Alma-Ata, in 1978(5), it has been noted that measures and characteristics of health promotion imply a search for healthier life styles and active aging. Health promotion is seen as a process of community qualification, aiming to improve life and health conditions. The promotion actions result from the combination of state actions in the respective public health policies; community actions, the actions of the individuals themselves, to develop their own capabilities, and...
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Best Practice Statement: Care of the Older Person’s Skin
Empowerment is the increase of individual and collective power of people and social groups in interpersonal relations and institutions, especially those submitted to relations of oppression and social domination(8). As such, empowerment will have the primary purpose of helping people and communities to become more independent, generating self-confidence and sense of governance. One can associate empowerment to health gains, as one recognizes that its absence is a risk factor for falling ill(9). Therefore, so-called health promotion goes beyond the small context of health organizations and migrates toward communities, schools and multiple environments, with the development of personal skills as a way of reinforcing communities. In line with this conception, health promotion has an interface with health...
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Cognitive and Physiologic Correlates of Subclinical Structural Brain Disease in Elderly Healthy Control Subjects
To represent the specific behaviors of this reflection, a schematic model was sought that simultaneously covered health promotion and the Health Policy for the Elderly, with a view to adopting actions for greater awareness, resulting in attitudes of empowerment and suggestions for gerontogeriatric nursing actions. Nola Penders Health Promotion Model(10) was used. Through a chart, it manages to represent the behaviors that can lead to health promotion. Nola Penders Model was developed in the United States in the 1980s, but was little explored in Brazil. It emerges as a proposal to integrate behavioral sciences with nursing theories, seeking to identify factors that influence health behaviors in a biopsychosocial context. It seeks to support its...
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Trends in dietary habits of the elderly: The Indonesian case
Strategic actions aiming at elderly health are: implementing the Caderneta de Saúde for the elderly, with relevant information about their health, permitting better follow-ups by healthcare workers; Family Health Strategy; stimulating the Permanent Distance Education Program, implementing permanent education activities in the field of aging and elderly health, focused on workers in the basic healthcare network; establishing the Welcoming, by reorganizing the process of welcoming elderly patients in healthcare units; establishing Pharmaceutical Care, developing actions that aim at qualifying care delivery and access of the elderly population; guaranteeing Differentiated Care upon Admission, establishing global gerontological evaluation, performed by a multidisciplinary team, to all seniors admitted in a hospital, seen in an out-patient clinic, either institutionalized...
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Subjective memory complaints and cognitive performance in a sample of healthy elderly
A recent government health survey found that 1 to 5 per cent of elderly people who drank more than occasionally were ‘problem drinkers’, reporting significant psychological and/or physical dependence on alcohol. Other studies have found higher proportions of elderly problem drinkers, especially in men. One found 5 - 12 per cent of men in their 60’s to have alcohol problems. Another possible measure is the proportion of older people exceeding government recommended “sensible limits” for regular consumption, although there is a question as to whether the limits are appropriate for the elderly, as they are based on evidence relating to younger age groups. Older people may be more...
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Normative data for healthy elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency task – FAS
Generally, alcohol consumption declines with age and the proportion of non-drinkers increases. The reasons for this decline in consumption are presumably connected to changes in life circumstances and attitudes and, in the later middle aged and older, growing ill health. There is evidence that today’s population of elderly people may be relatively heavier drinkers than previous generations. This could be the result of an effect whereby a generation which has had its formative years at a time of high social availability and acceptability of alcohol may be more likely to retain the habit of drinking. Higher levels of disposable income in retirement could also be a factor. Certainly,...
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Health Insurance Coverage of the Near Elderly, 1994−2005
While there appears to be a rising incidence of problem drinking in the elderly, there are also reports that low risk drinking may provide benefits to older populations. Indeed. arguably most of the supposed benefits of alcohol consumption are to be found in older people. So, for example, the claimed protective effect of alcohol in regard to cardiovascular disease applies to the late middle aged and elderly. For this reason, the recommended optimum level of alcohol consumption for health is higher for the elderly than the young. (See IAS factsheet Alcohol – what is problem drinking?) As well as medical benefits, there are also reports that low...
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Healthy Lifestyle in the Elderly’s View in Romania and Latvia
Early-Onset drinkers or ‘Survivors’ are those people who have a continuing problem with alcohol which developed in earlier life. It is thought that two thirds of elderly problem drinkers have had an early onset of alcohol misuse. However, because of the health risks connected to heavy drinking and dependence on alcohol, the chances of reaching old age are reduced - one estimate is that the life span of a problem drinker may be shortened by on average ten to fifteen years. Late-Onset drinkers or ‘Reactors’ begin problematic drinking later in life, often in response to traumatic life events such as the death of a loved one, loneliness,...
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ELDERLY SERVICES IN HONG KONG
It is therefore possible that the same amount of alcohol may produce a higher Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the elderly than younger people. Elderly car drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a motoring accident after consuming even a small amount of alcohol, than they are at a zero level of alcohol. Alcohol depresses the brain function to a greater extent in older people, impairing coordination and memory, which can lead to falls and general confusion. It can also heighten emotions leading to moodiness, irritability or even violence. Alcohol in excess affects digestion, making it more difficult to absorb vitamins and minerals. However,...
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