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Power Electronic Handbook P1
Power Electronic Devices 1 Power Electronics Kaushik Rajashekara, Sohail Anwar, Vrej Barkhordarian, Alex Q. Huang Overview • Diodes • Schottky Diodes • Thyristors • Power Bipolar Junction Transistors • MOSFETs • General Power Semiconductor Switch Requirements • Gate Turn-Off Thyristors • Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors • Gate-Commutated Thyristors and Other Hard-Driven GTOs • Comparison Testing of Switches © 2002 by CRC Press LLC .1 Power Electronics Kaushik Rajashekara Delphi Automotive Systems 1.1 Overview Thyristor and Triac • Gate Turn-Off Thyristor • ReverseConducting Thyristor (RCT) and Asymmetrical SiliconControlled Rectifier (ASCR) • Power Transistor • Power MOSFET • Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) • MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) Sohail Anwar Pennsylvania State University Vrej Barkhordarian International Rectifier 1.2 Diodes Characteristics •...
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Power Electronic Handbook P2
Power Electronic Circuits and Controls 2 DC-DC Converters Richard Wies, Bipin Satavalekar, Ashish Agrawal, Javad Mahdavi, Ali Agah, Ali Emadi, Daniel Jeffrey Shortt Overview • Choppers • Buck Converters • Boost Converters • Cúk Converter • Buck–Boost Converters 3 AC-AC Conversion Sándor Halász Introduction • Cycloconverters • Matrix Converters 4 Rectifiers Sam Guccione, Mahesh M. Swamy, Ana Stankovic Uncontrolled Single-Phase Rectifiers • Uncontrolled and Controlled Rectifiers • ThreePhase Pulse-Width-Modulated Boost-Type Rectifiers 5 Inverters Michael Giesselmann, Attila Karpati, István Nagy, Dariusz Czarkowski, Michael E. Ropp Overview • DC-AC Conversion • Resonant Converters • Series-Resonant Inverters • Resonant DC-Link Inverters • Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Inverters 6 Multilevel Converters Keith Corzine Introduction •...
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Power Electronic Handbook P3
AC-AC converters as shown in Fig. 3.1 are frequency converters. They produce an AC voltage in which both the frequency and voltage can be varied directly from the AC line voltage, e.g., from a 60- or 50-Hz source. There are two major classes of AC-AC, or so-called direct static frequency converters, as shown in Fig. 3.1. 1. Cycloconverters, which are constructed using naturally commutated thyristors. The commutation voltage is ensured by the supply voltage. These are so-called line commutated converters. 2. Matrix converters, which are constructed using full-controlled static devices, such as transistors or GTOs (gate turn-off thyristors). 3.2 Cycloconverters In Figs....
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Power Electronic Handbook P4
Uncontrolled Single-Phase Rectifiers Sam Guccione Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifiers Operation A single-phase half-wave rectifier consists of a single diode connected as shown in Fig. 4.1. This is the simplest of the rectifier circuits. It produces an output waveform that is half of the incoming AC voltage waveform. The positive pulse output waveform shown in Fig. 4.1 occurs because of the forward-bias condition of the diode. A diode
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Power Electronic Handbook P5
DC-AC Conversion Basic DC-AC Converter Connections (Square-Wave Operation) • Control of the Output Voltage • Harmonics in the Output Voltage • Filtering of Output Voltage • Practical Realization of Basic Connections • Special Realizations (Application of Resonant Converter Techniques) István Nagy Budapest University of Technology and Economics Dariusz Czarkowski Polytechnic University, Brooklyn 5.3 Resonant Converters Survey of Second-Order Resonant Circuits • Load Resonant Converters • Resonant Switch Converters • Resonant DC-Link Converters with ZVS Michael E. Ropp South Dakota State University 5.4 Series-Resonant Inverters Voltage-Source Series-Resonant Inverters • Voltage-Source Parallel-Resonant...
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Power Electronic Handbook P6
Introduction Multilevel Voltage Source Modulation Fundamental Multilevel Converter Topologies Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converters • Flying-Capacitor Multilevel Converters • Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters • Multilevel H-Bridge Converters 6.4 6.5 6.6 Cascaded Multilevel Converter Topologies Cascaded Multilevel Converters • Cascaded Multilevel H-Bridge Converters Multilevel Converter Laboratory Examples Three-Level Diode-Clamped Inverter • The Cascade-3/2 Inverter • The Cascade-5/3H Inverter Conclusion 6.1 Introduction Multilevel power conversion was first introduced 20 years ago [1]. The general concept involves utilizing a higher number of active semiconductor switches to perform the power conversion in small voltage steps. There are several advantages to this approach when compared with traditional (two-level) power conversion. The smaller voltage steps lead to...
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Power Electronic Handbook P7
Michael Giesselmann In this chapter, modulation techniques for power electronics circuits are discussed. Modulation techniques are strategies to control the state of switches in these circuits. Switch mode is preferred to
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Power Electronic Handbook P8
General-Purpose Sliding-Mode Control Implementation Conclusions Switch-mode power supplies represent a particular class of variable structure systems (VSS), and they can take advantage of nonlinear control techniques
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Power Electronic Handbook P9
Introduction • Construction of PMSM Drive Systems • Simulation and Model • Controlling the PMSM • Advanced Topics in PMSM Drives 13 Switched Reluctance Machines Iqbal Husain Introduction • SRM Configuration • Basic Principle of Operation • Design •
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Power Electronic Handbook P10
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are synchronous motors with permanent magnets on the rotor and armature windings on the stator. Hence, from a construction point of view, they are the inside-out version of DC motors, which have permanent magnets or field windings on the stator and armature windings on the rotor. A typical BLDC motor with 12 stator slots and four poles on the rotor is shown in Fig. 10.1. The most obvious advantage of the
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Power Electronic Handbook P11
Induction machines have become the staple for electromechanical energy conversion in today’s industry; they are used more often than all other types of motors combined. Several factors have made them the machine of choice for industrial applications vs. DC machines, including their ruggedness, reliability, and low maintenance [1, 2]. The cage-induction machine is simple to manufacture, with no rotor windings or commutator for external rotor connection. There are no brushes to replace because of wear, and no brush arcing...
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Power Electronic Handbook P12
The permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive has emerged as a top competitor for a full range of motion control applications [1–3]. For example, the PMSM is widely used in machine tools, robotics, actuators, and is being considered in high-power applications such as vehicular propulsion and industrial drives. It is also becoming viable for commercial/residential applications. The PMSM is known for having high efficiency, low torque ripple, superior dynamic performance, and high power density. These drives often are the best choice for high-performance applications and are expected to see expanded use as manufacturing costs decrease. The purpose of this...
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Power Electronic Handbook P13
The concept of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) was established as early in 1838 by Davidson and was used to propel a locomotive on the Glasgow–Edinburgh railway near Falkirk [1]. However, the full potential of the motor could not be utilized with the mechanical switches available in those days. The advent of fast-acting power semiconductor switches revived the interest in SRMs in the 1970s when Professor Lawrenson’s group established the
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Power Electronic Handbook P14
Step motors are used in many low-lost positioning applications due to their inherent ability to stop at discrete positions and follow position vs. time profiles while being controlled open loop. A step motor is a synchronous machine, but historically has been used almost exclusively in positioning and position tracking applications. Recently, however, some types of step motors have been applied in variable speed drives applications.
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Power Electronic Handbook P15
A significant and very special class of industrial drives are those that are used for position control. These drives are typically called servo drives and the intelligent control of these drives is often called motion control. Some of the application areas of servo drives are machine tool servos, robotic actuator drives, electric vehicles, computer disk drives and the like. The power level for these drives usually range below 20 to 30 kW; however, drives with slightly lower control quality usually have power levels below 50 to 60 kW. Servo drives must meet several quality requirements, such as: 1. High dynamic...
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Power Electronic Handbook P16
With the proliferation of electronic loads such as computers, the incidence of power quality-related problems is growing. As a result, the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) market has grown significantly in the last few years. What follows is an overview of UPS functions and descriptions of common types of UPSs and backup power sources. 16.1 UPS Functions The primary purpose of a UPS is to provide conditioned, continuous power to its load. Another UPS function that is of growing importance in today’s market is system integration, or the...
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Power Electronic Handbook P17
Power Quality Considerations Harmonics • What Are Harmonics? • Harmonic Sequence • Where Do Harmonics Come From? • Effects of Harmonics on the System Voltage • Notching • Effects of Harmonics on Power System Components • Conductors • Three-Phase Neutral Conductors • Transformers • Effects of Harmonics on System Power Factor • Power Factor Correction Capacitors • IEEE Standard 519 Badrul H. Chowdhury University of Missouri–Rolla Hirofumi Akagi Tokyo Institute of Technology Rajapandian Ayyanar Arizona State University 17.3 Passive Harmonic Filters Passive Filter Design • Appendix—IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems Amit Kumar Jain University of...
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Power Electronic Handbook P18
The ability of certain materials to convert sunlight to electricity was first discovered by Becquerel in 1839, when he discovered the photogalvanic effect. A number of other significant discoveries ultimately paved the way for the fabrication of the first solar cell in 1954 by Chapin, Fuller, and Pearson [1]. This cell had a conversion efficiency of 6%. Within 4 years, solar cells were used on the Vanguard I orbiting satellite. The high cost of boosting a payload into space readily justified the use of these cells, even though they were quite expensive. Space applications eventually led to...
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Power Electronic Handbook P19
There have been considerable changes in today’s power systems in recent years, due, in large part, to the emergence of competition and deregulation in power industries. The goal of deregulation is to provide the customer with reduced costs. The global competition between utilities leads to utility cost-cutting, downsizing, and reducing maintenance on both transmission and distribution systems. Power systems that are hierarchically integrated
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Power Electronic Handbook P20
An electric power system is an interconnection of generating units to load centers through high-voltage electric transmission lines. It consists of generation, transmission, and distribution subsystems, which used to belong to the same electric utility in a given geographical area. But,
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Power Electronic Handbook P21
Ali Emadi and Mehrdad Ehsani Mechanical, electrical, and centralized hydraulic and pneumatic systems are conventional power transfer systems in an aircraft. The More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept emphasizes utilizing electrical systems to replace more aircraft conventional power transfer systems and to facilitate new introduced electrical loads. Improving
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Power Electronic Handbook P22
Although magnetism has been known since ancient times, the connection between electricity and magnetism was not discovered until the early 19th century. Electromagnetics is the study of electric and magnetic field behavior. These fields arise from charged particles both at rest and in motion, and they may exert forces on other charged particles and materials. Hans Christian Oersted (a Danish scientist) demonstrated the relation between electricity and magnetism. In 1819, he showed that a compass needle could be deflected by a current-carrying conductor. Andrew Ampere (1775–1836) experimented with two current-carrying conductors and found that they repel or attract each...
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Robotics Experiments
The purpose of Evil Genius is to create an entertaining book made up of a series of projects that will explain electronics from static electricity (rubbing a balloon) to developing robots. The book will include the tools necessary for the reader to create the projects in the book at very little cost or inconvenience. The book will be divided into 19 sections, each one with two or more projects.
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Totillos CNC DRIVERS Cnc
Tham khảo tài liệu 'totillos cnc drivers cnc', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, tự động hoá phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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Giáo trình PLC - Điều khiển tự động
Giáo trình PLC - Điều khiển tự động gồm 5 chương nhằm giúp bạn nắm bắt tổng quan về PLC, cấu trúc phần cứng PLC họ S7, kiến thức cơ sở, tập lệnh, ngôn ngữ lập trình Step 7. Cùng tham khảo nhé.
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Color Theory And Modeling For Computer Graphics P1
Print technology has evolved over centuries. That gave us sufficient time to understand how to best present information in print so that the reader will get the most out of it, with the least amount of effort. It is no coincidence that most books have similar formats; the type of fonts used, their size, the number of words per line, the number of lines per page, have all been optimized for the reader. It took those centuries to learn this. But because the technology was not developing at a very rapid pace, we had those centuries to learn....
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Color Theory And Modeling For Computer Graphics P2
As we have already mentioned previously, it is accepted among color scientists as well as psychologists and others who have studied human color vision, that color is a tri-stimulus phenomenon, i.e., human color perception is a threedimensional space. Color scientists often refer to this as trichromacy.
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MEMS R&D @ Intel
MEMS R&D @ Intel Sunlin Chou Senior Vice President & General Manager Technology & Manufacturing Group Intel Corporation
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Newnes Sensor Technology Handbook P1
A sensor is a device that converts a physical phenomenon into an electrical signal. As such, sensors represent part of the interface between the physical world and the world of electrical devices, such as computers. The other part of this interface is represented by actuators, which convert electrical signals into physical phenomena.
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Newnes Sensor Technology Handbook P2
Sensor Fundamentals Digital techniques have become increasingly popular in processing sensor outputs in data acquisition, process control, and measurement. Generally, 8-bit microcontrollers (8051-based, for example) have sufficient speed and processing capability for most applications. By including the A/D conversion and the microcontroller programmability on the sensor itself, a “smart sensor” can be implemented with self-contained calibration and linearization features, among others. A smart sensor can then interface directly to an industrial network as shown in Figure 1.2.4. The basic building blocks of a “smart sensor” are shown in Figure 1.2.5, constructed with multiple ICs. The Analog Devices MicroConverter™-series of products includes...
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