The ability of certain materials to convert sunlight to electricity was first discovered by Becquerel in 1839, when he discovered the photogalvanic effect. A number of other significant discoveries ultimately paved the way for the fabrication of the first solar cell in 1954 by Chapin, Fuller, and Pearson [1]. This cell had a conversion efficiency of 6%. Within 4 years, solar cells were used on the Vanguard I orbiting satellite. The high cost of boosting a payload into space readily justified the use