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Prevalence, correlates, and prospective predictors of non-suicidal self-injury among New Zealand adolescents: Cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents and linked to many maladaptive outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of NSSI among a community sample of New Zealand adolescents. A self-report questionnaire was administered to adolescents at time 1 (N = 1162, mean age = 16.35), and approximately five months later (time 2, N = 830, mean age = 16.49).
1/13/2020 5:13:14 AM +00:00
Aerobic bacteria in Crèche environment and their antibiotic sensitivity
The numbers of crèche facilities are on the increase because more women are becoming financial supports to their families in developing countries. Children become exposed to pathogenic agents most of which are resistant to antibiotic as re-infection is commonly placed in such facilities. In African countries, there are hardly minimum standards or monitoring of such facilities. This study focused on isolating aerobic pathogenic bacteria and determining their antibiotic sensitivity using four crèches in Redemption city. With sterile swabs, samples were collected from floors, toys and care-givers hands and analysed by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic sensitivity data was subjected to student t-test. The isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermenti, Bacillus spp, Neisseria spp, Aeromonas spp, Aeromonas sobria, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter intermedius, Streptococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Pseudomonas spp and Enterobacter spp. S. aureus had the highest incidence (27.2%) while A. sobria, P. mirabilis, K. oxytoa, and E. intermedius equally had the lowest incidence (0.5%). The floor had the highest isolates followed by hands of care givers and toys. Ampicillin was not significantly effective on the bacteria isolates (P= 0.094). No isolate showed significant resistance to antibiotics. The pathogenic bacteria isolates indicated the potential risk the children are exposed to, however, most of the bacteria isolates could effectively be treated with common antibiotics.
1/13/2020 4:30:48 AM +00:00
Bài giảng Giới thiệu siêu âm đàn hồi ở trẻ em
Nội dung của bài giảng gồm: siêu âm đàn hồi gan, những cạm bẫy đặc biệt ở trẻ em, NAFLD ở trẻ em, các công cụ chẩn đoán NAFLD không xâm lấn, tiêu chuẩn vàng ST gan, việc sử dụng đh, nguyên nhân bệnh gan có là vấn đề...
1/12/2020 6:46:07 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Dị dạng động tĩnh mạch ruột hỗng tràng gây xuất huyết tiêu hóa dưới ở trẻ sơ sinh báo cáo ca lâm sàng và hồi cứu y văn - BS. Nguyễn Hữu Chí
Bài giảng trình bày dị dạng động tĩnh mạch ruột hỗng tràng gây xuất huyết tiêu hóa dưới ở trẻ sơ sinh báo cáo ca lâm sàng và hồi cứu y văn. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo bài giảng để nắm chi tiết nội dung nghiên cứu.
1/12/2020 6:44:04 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Bướu máu và dị dạng mạch máu - Báo cáo viên BS. Đỗ tHị Ngọc Hiếu
Bài giảng cung cấp các kiến thức: bướu máu và dị dạng mạch máu; phương tiện đầu tay; Doppler màu và phổ có vai trò chủ đạo; chọn đầu dò tùy vào kích thước, độ sâu; phân loại ISSVA bất thường mạch máu...
1/12/2020 6:43:46 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Siêu âm tim thai trong dự đoán nguy cơ hẹp eo động mạch chủ sau sinh - TS.BS. Lê Kim Tuyến
Nội dung bài giảng trình bày hẹp eo động mạch chủ; một số gợi ý chẩn đoán; hẹp eo động mạch chủ mặt cắt dọc cung động mạch chủ; chẩn đoán phân biệt, mất cân đối buồng tim; tồn tại TMCT trái đổ vào xoang vành; các đặc điểm siêu âm thai nhi; các bất thường ngoài tim...
1/12/2020 6:43:37 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Siêu âm các khối nông vùng đầu cổ - BS. Đỗ Thị Ngọc Hiếu
Bài giảng với các nội dung: tụ máu nông vùng đầu ở sơ sinh; tụ máu nông vùng đầu; nang bì, thượng bì; khối vùng cổ; hạch cổ; hạch bình thường; hạch phản ứng...
1/12/2020 6:41:43 PM +00:00
Bacteriological spectrum of neonatal septicemia in neonatal intensive care unit
Neonatal septicemia either acquired from the mother (vertical transmission) or nosocomial (horizontal transmission) is a forbidable problem encountered in the neonatal unit and is the commonest primary cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. The present study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, Dr B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, over a period of one year from June 2016 – May 2017. Blood sample were collected from 100 clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit. Of the 100 cases studied, 59 were males and 31 were females. Among 34 culture positive neonates 22 were male and 12 were females. Majority i.e. 34% of the isolates were Gram negative organisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae being the commonest isolated in 11 of the 34 culture positive cases followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 07. The other organisms isolated were Escherichia coli 01, Proteus vulgaris 01, Citrobacter freundii 01. Gram positive organisms were obtained in 9% out of 34 cases. Coagulase negative Staphylococci 03 was commonest isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus 01 cases. This study concludes that empiric therapy for suspected neonatal septicemia should cover both Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.
1/12/2020 6:35:03 PM +00:00
Development and acceptability of novel food products from millets for school children
Millet based products are economically viable and highlight the excellent medicinal and nutritional qualities. Kodo and kutki based products were developed using various processing variables to enhance the nutritional value, palatability and functionality for school going children of Jabalpur and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh state in India. Various developed products were assessed for their acceptability using nine point hedonic scale. The values of mean score of acceptability of malted kodo and kutki millet were found to be 8.30 and 8.27 assessed by the students and 7.94 and 7.77 by the teachers respectively whereas mean score values of puffed sweet ball of kodo and kutki millet were found to be 8.19 and 8.25 assessed by the students and 8.50 and 8.61 by the teachers respectively from Jabalpur district. In case of Dindori district, mean score values of acceptability of malted kodo and kutki millet were found to be 8.33 and 8.50 assessed by the students and 8.42 and 8.71 by the teachers respectively whereas mean score values for a acceptability of puffed sweet ball of kodo and kutki millet, were recorded as 8.41 and 8.87 by the students respectively and 8.28 and 8.57 assessed by the teachers respectively. The results showed that all the products of kodo and kutki millet were acceptable but malted drink of kodo millet and sweet ball of puffed kutki millet were found to be more acceptable by the students and teachers from Jabalpur district whereas malted drink and sweet ball of puffed kutki millet were found to be more acceptable by teachers and students from Dindori district.
1/12/2020 6:20:06 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Tăng sản cơ tuyến túi mật ở trẻ em đặc điểm hình ảnh siêu âm: Báo cáo lâm sàng và hồi cứ y văn – BS. Nguyễn Hữu Chí
Bài giảng trình bày bệnh lý tăng sản cơ tuyến túi mật ở trẻ em đặc điểm hình ảnh siêu âm, báo cáo lâm sàng và hồi cứ y văn. Để nắm chắc kiến thức mời các bạn cùng tham khảo bài giảng.
1/12/2020 6:15:19 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Xoắn túi mật ở trẻ em đặc điểm lâm sàng và siêu âm – BS.CK1 Nguyễn Bùi Thùy Diễm
Nội dung của bài giảng trình bày tổng quan xoắn túi mật ở trẻ em, ca lâm sàng xoắn túi mật ở trẻ em; phẫu thuật nội soi xoắn túi mật, hoại tử túi mật, triệu chứng lâm sàng xoắn túi mật, viêm túi mật cấp... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo bài giảng để nắm chắc nội dung kiến thức.
1/12/2020 6:15:10 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Siêu âm thận ứ nước ở trẻ sơ sinh - BS.CK1. Nguyễn Cao Thùy Trang
Bài giảng trình bày tổng quan, đánh giá thận ứ nước trong thai kỳ, đánh giá thận ứ nước sau sinh, các bệnh nguyên hay gặp, ứ nước bể thận thoáng qua, hẹp khúc nối bể thận niệu quản, niệu quản khổng lồ...
1/12/2020 6:15:02 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Siêu âm não qua thóp các tổn thương não trẻ sơ sinh (Không bao gồm dị dạng não) - BS. Nguyễn Công Quỳnh
Bài giảng với các nội dung: siêu âm não qua thóp, các tổn thương não trẻ sơ sinh, xuất huyết nội sọ trẻ sơ sinh, xuất huyết não đặc trưng ở trẻ sinh non, xuất huyết thùy não, xuất huyết tiểu não - hố sau, thiếu tưới oxy - máu não trẻ sơ sinh...
1/12/2020 6:14:38 PM +00:00
Bài giảng Bất thường ổn noãn hoàng – BS. CK2 Nguyễn Hữu Chí
Bài giảng trình bày phôi thai, rò ống rốn ruột (tồn tại ống RR); túi thừa Meckel; khám tập trung vùng chân rốn; viêm túi thừa- VFM do thủng TT Meckel; viêm túi thừa Meckel; xuất huyết tiêu hóa; giá trị siêu âm chẩn đoán; tắc ruột...
1/12/2020 6:14:28 PM +00:00
Effect of condensed tannin supplementation through a ficus Benghalensis tree leaves on erythrocytic antioxidant status and gastrointestinal nematodes in kids
The study was conducted to examine the effects of CT from Ficus benghalensis leaves on the feed utilization and health status of kids. Twenty-one Surti kids (4-5 month; 13.04±1.12 kg BW) were divided into three homogenous groups CON (dewormed), PAR (naturally parasitized) and PAR-TAN (naturally parasitized with dietary inclusion of tanniferous leaves). The kids of CON and PAR were maintained in a basal diet, while that of PAR-TAN group were fed a diet containing Ficus benghalensis leaves to supply 1.5% condensed tannin (CT). Blood was collected on at equal intervals (0, 35 and 70 day) to assess the important blood metabolite, hematology and erythrocytic antioxidant status. Immune status was verified against chicken erythrocyte after one month of experimental period. The total body weight gain and ADG for a period of 70 days not showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference by the supplementation of CT at 1.5% through F.bengalensis leaves. Also, addition of CT up to 1.5% in the supplement did not interfere with the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF by kids. Digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) values of the composite diets were comparable between the different dietary groups. There was improvement (P The study was conducted to examine the effects of CT from Ficus benghalensis leaves on the feed utilization and health status of kids.
1/12/2020 5:20:16 PM +00:00
Field testing of multimedia CD on nutrition for children (0-3 years) for its comprehension by rural women
India still has the highest number of under-weight children under five in the world and 70 per cent of children are anemic. The link between malnutrition and infant feeding has been well established. Poor feeding practices in infant and early childhood resulting in malnutrition contribute to impaired cognitive and social development, poor school performance and reduced productivity in later life. A mother is the principle provider of the primary care that her child needs during the first five years of life. Nutritional awareness of mothers plays an important role in the health of children aged 0-5 years. The present study was undertaken to develop multimedia CD on nutrition for children (0-3 years) for rural women with these objectives: To assess the comprehension of designed multimedia CD by rural women. The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state with a sample of 30 illiterate rural women to field test multimedia CD for its comprehension by rural women. Findings revealed that overall comprehension of messages through multimedia CD was found to be very good with MPS 93.62. Among four components, the diet during childhood ailments was comprehended to the highest extent (99.021 MPS) followed by feeding practices (94.44 MPS), supplementary nutrition (89.97 MPS) and normal nutrition (87.97 MPS). Thus, it could be concluded that comprehension of multimedia CD was found to be good and the developed multimedia CD can be utilized by the various government and non government functionaries involved in TOT.
1/12/2020 5:09:41 PM +00:00
Prevalence of malnutrition amongst tribal school children of Sabarkantha district, Gujarat, India
Malnutrition is largely prevalent in tribal population in India. In the year 2006, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj considered Sabarkantha as one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). Six districts of Gujarat are receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) and Sabarkantha is one of them. Considering this background in mind, the present study was carried out to assess prevalence of malnutrition amongst tribal children of Sabarkantha district. Two tribal taluka viz. Khedbrahma and Poshina were purposively selected for the study. Three villages from both the selected taluka and total 120 tribal school going children (60 girls and 60 boys) were selected for the study. To assess the prevalence of malnutrition anthropometric parameters of the tribal children were studied. Statistical analysis was carried out to calculate frequency, per cent, mean, standard deviation and correlation. From the present study it was observed that mean BMI for age of the tribal children was found lower as compared to ICMR standards. As per Waterlow's classification, stunting, wasting and stunting and wasting was observed and it was found prevalent among tribal children. It was observed that the income of the family showed significant positive correlation with the BMI of the tribal children.
1/12/2020 5:01:40 PM +00:00
Assessment of childcare beliefs and practices in tribal population
A detailed inquiry was conducted on identifying methods to assess childcare beliefs and practices in tribal population with a view to prepare data collection tool for research study entitled “Assessment of infant care practices, conduction and effectiveness evaluation of need based awareness program on infant care among mothers of selected tribal groups.” Taking care of children depends on a variety of factors: the geographical location, religion and culture, socioeconomic status, educational background and the beliefs and values held by the family and its community. The tribal population, isolated geographically and socially is assumed to have distinct lifestyle practices, including childcare. Focus Group Discussion Semi Structured Interview and Structured Direct Observation are identified to be the best methods to assess their child care practices. This assessment in turn will throw light on selecting interventions to promote child health and productivity.
1/12/2020 4:36:43 PM +00:00
Bullying, victimization and fighting: Extent in secondary children
The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The objective of the study was to identify the extent of bullying; victimization and fighting behaviour among rural and urban children. Three secondary and senior secondary schools from Hisar city and three secondary and senior secondary schools from village Ladwa (Hisar district) were selected at random. The study was conducted with all children enrolled in classes 6th to 10th from six selected schools. Total sample constituted of 1070 students, 570 from rural area and 500 from Hisar city. Illinois Bully Scale developed by Espelage and Holt (2001) was used to assess the bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour among school children. Children were personally interviewed about their bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour. Chi- square test was used to determine if there were statistically significant association between rural and urban children. The results revealed that there was no association between bullying, victimization, fighting, bullying-victimization, bullyingvictimization-fighting behaviour and rural urban setting. Majority of the children from both the areas i.e. rural and urban were engaged in mild level of bullying, victimization, fighting, bullying-victimization, and bullying-victimization-fighting behaviour.
1/12/2020 11:29:21 AM +00:00
Study of Epstein Barr virus, human Herpes 6 and human herpes 7 in children with acute Lymphoblastic leukemia
The aim of the present study is to identify the presence of Epestein Barr virus (EBV), Human Herpes virus 6 (HHV6)and Human Herpes virus 7 (HHV7) by molecular methods in newly diagnosed ALL in children and to correlate their presence with clinical and immunophenotypes of ALL. The present study included 60 children at the time of diagnosis of ALL before start of the therapy and 60 healthy cross match age and sex children as a control group. The study of EBV, HHC6 and HHV7 was carried out by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In comparison between the prevalence of EBV, HHV6, HHV7 between patients and control there was statistically significant increase in prevalence rates (31.7 versus 1.7 for EBV, 16.7% versus 3.3% for HHV6 and 13.3% versus 8.3% for HHV7 respectively, P=0.0001). Moreover, the mean± SD copies/ml was statistically significant higher for HHV6 in patients compared to the controls (P=0.0001). There was significant association between EBV and HHV6 infection in patients (P=0.001). In EBV+ ALL, there was significant higher rates of hepatosplenomegaly (47.4%, P=0.01) In conclusion, EBV, HHV6 and HHV7 viruses were present in high rates in ALL which suggest a role for these viruses in pathogenesis of ALL. Further studies are required to validate this hypothesis.
1/12/2020 11:20:47 AM +00:00
Group a streptococcal carriage in children with ADHD: Antibiotic resistance and associated ASO levels
Acute pharyngitis is a common illness of childhood most frequently associated with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and carrier state quiet often remains undiagnosed in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This prospective study was undertaken to assess the burden of GAS in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder attending pediatric clinics in a tertiary care centre at Chennai. Throat swabs were obtained for culture from 50 ADHD children aged 5 – 15 years with symptoms of sore throat and 50 from apparently asymptomatic children with ADHD. Beta hemolytic streptococcal isolates were isolated and serogrouped and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per CLSI standards. Blood samples were collected from all 100 children to determine elevated ASO levels. 24 children of the symptomatic study group were positive for beta hemolytic streptococci. Asymptomatic carriage of GAS was 28%. Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin, azithromycin and ofloxacin was high. All strains were sensitive to Penicillin. Nineteen children had elevated ASO titre levels. Periodic surveillance is mandatory to prevent the spread of GAS carriage in children with ADHD. Multidrug resistant phenotypes are emerging. Regular monitoring of drug resistance will serve as a valuable tool in preventing periodic outbreak in the community.
1/12/2020 11:14:05 AM +00:00
Nutritional assessment of school going girls (7-9 Years) residing in urban areas of Bikaner district, India
School age is the active growing phase of childhood. Primary school age ia a dynamic period of physical growth as well as of mental development of the child. Understanding the nutritional status of children has far reaching implications for the better development of future generations. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 90 school going girls by assessing their general information, anthropometric measurements, and dietary assessment. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour dietary recall method for three consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements were used to construct indices for malnutrition that were compared to reference values. The results of the study revealed that majority of the subjects (75.0 percent) belonged to Hindu religion, MIG and were vegetarian (70.4-81.8%). Height and weight of the subjects were found to be 99.57 - 100.06 percent and 95.08 – 95.5 percent of the NCHS standards respectively. McLaren classification revealed moderate malnutrition (12.2%), mild malnutrition (23.3 %) and overweight (9.0%) based on weight. According to anthropometric indicator of BMI, majority of the subjects (56.7-60%) belonged to normal category BMI with their mean 14.35, 14.42 and 14.64 kg/m² for the age group of 7, 8 and 9 years respectively. The percent adequacy of food intake was ranging from (53.9-98.2 percent). The percent adequacy of nutrient intake ranged from 77.31-132.51 percent. Awareness programs regarding affordable but nutritious foods should be introduced by the government through community participation and other sectors.
1/12/2020 10:21:37 AM +00:00
Late pregnancy allowances in does on Haemato biochemical response in kids
Forty five extensively reared pregnant Ganjam does were randomly distributed into three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3), 15 in each for evaluating the effect of late pregnancy allowances to them on haemato-biochemical profiles of their kids. All the does were maintained on browsing besides additional concentrate supplementation @ 200 g /day and @ 300 g/day in T2 and T3, respectively. Additional allowances were fed to the treatment groups 2 months prior to the expected date of kidding. Immediate after kidding, blood samples were collected from the day old kids for analysis of hemoglobin, PCV, TEC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, TLC, serum glucose, urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine. The lambs in T2 and T3showed significantly (P0.05) between groups. Significant differences (P0.05) among groups. It was concluded that late pregnancy allowances @ 200 g/day/doe in extensively reared does is required to maintain the glucose and protein level in day old kids, may help for their further growth.
1/12/2020 10:18:53 AM +00:00
Ascites in a bully female pup - A case report
The present case study reports a case of ascites in a four month bully female pup, which was presented with the history of progressive abdominal distension, inappetance and weakness. Further detailed clinical examination and haemato-biochemical study confirmed the ascites of hepatic origin. Treatment with antibiotics, diuretic, liver tonic and hepatobiliary drugs resulted in complete recovery.
1/12/2020 10:13:49 AM +00:00
Regional disparity analysis for iron status of school-going children from Punjab, India
The aims of this study were to assess regional disparity in anemic status and to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the prevalence of anemia among school-children from Punjab, India. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 children (11-17y) randomly selected from government schools of three regions of Punjab, namely Majha (n=45), Doaba (n=45) and Malwa (n=120). Data on sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake of children were collected through questionnaire based survey. Information on clinical signs/symptoms of anemia and compliance to iron-folic acid supplementation was obtained. Hemoglobin concentration was estimated by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Data were analyzed by Tukey's post-hoc test and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS version 23.0. Overall, children’s diets were highly inadequate in iron, i.e., less than 43% of the recommended dietary allowances. Clinical examination showed more than half of the subjects exhibiting signs/symptoms of anemia. Compliance to iron-folic acid supplementation was 100% in Majha region subjects, while, it was 93 and 77% in Doaba and Malwa region subjects, respectively.
1/12/2020 9:21:18 AM +00:00
Effect of bedding materials on growth and FCR in barbari kids during winter season
The present study was conducted in AP&R division of CIRG, Makhdoom, to investigate the effect of different bedding materials during winters on growth of Barbari kids. Thirty Barbari kids of about three months age and average body weight 10.26 ± 0.42 kg were divided into three equal groups (Gr I, Gr II and Gr III) of ten animals each. The animals in Gr II served as control and were provided with soil as a bedding material, while animals in Gr I and Gr III were provided with plastic slats and rubber mats as bedding materials, respectively. Duration of experiment was 90 days (3 month to 6 month age of kids). Body weight of kids was recorded first before shifting the goats to the respective treatments and thereafter all the experimental animals were weighed at fortnightly interval i.e. on 0, 15th , 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th day. The recording was done before offering feed and water to the kids. The performance of kids in terms of body weights, average daily gain and FCR was similar (P>0.05) among the kids of different groups. Present study concluded that provision of different bedding materials viz. plastic slats, rubber and soil had similar effect on performance of the Barbari kids in terms of growth and nutrient utilization.
1/12/2020 9:17:37 AM +00:00
Hemato-biochemical and physiological response of barbari kids to different bedding materials during winter
The comparative haemato˗biochemical and physiological response to different bedding materials in Barbari kids was evaluated. Thirty post˗weaned Barbari kids of about three months age were selected from the institutional flock, which were divided into three groups viz. group I, II and III with ten kids in each group and were kept on plastic slats, soil and rubber mats, respectively. Blood samples were taken at monthly interval during the trial. There was no significant effect of flooring type on the physiological parameters. The mean values of hemoglobin (g/dl) and hematocrit (%) were 9.00, 8.93, 8.96 and 22.04, 21.68, and 21.95, in group I, II and III, respectively. The values of RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes counts were 15.36, 14.73, 14.97 (m/mm3 ) and 14.43, 12.66, 13.71 (m/mm3 ) and 41.56, 46.03, 46.37 (%) and 4.82, 5.23, 5.28 (%) and 53.61, 48.74 and 48.32 (%), in group I, II and III respectively. The mean total protein, albumin and globulin values were 6.85, 6.45, 6.34 (g/dl) and 2.59, 2.46 and 2.42 (g/dl) and 4.25, 3.98 and 3.91 (g/dl) in group I, II and III, respectively.
1/12/2020 9:17:26 AM +00:00
Toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis in children with idiopathic epilepsy in mid-region of the Nile delta, Egypt: Prevalence and risk factors
Epilepsy is one of the most common and important neurological disorders among children especially in developing countries. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular protozoan capable of forming cysts in the brain of chronically infected humans. Moreover, the larvae of Toxocara canis (T. canis) can locate in the central nervous system leading to several neurological disorders. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence and risk factors of toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis in children with idiopathic epilepsy. This study was conducted on 150 children aged 2−15 years, including 100 children suffering from idiopathic epilepsy and 50 apparently healthy children as a control group. All children were submitted to clinical questionnaire. They were tested for the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG by ELISA and western blotting, and for presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM by ELISA and avidity test. The frequency of Toxocara infection in epileptic patients was 13% versus 4% of the healthy group by ELISA. By western blotting technique, Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were detected in 7 (53.8%) of ELISA positive children in epileptic children group, whereas the serum samples of all ELISA-positive normal children were negative.
1/12/2020 8:31:00 AM +00:00
Utility of screening test in early diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease affecting especially infants and young children. The clinical presentations are diverse, from an unaffected infant with asymptomatic bacteriuria to a severely septic child. Accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment is important for the prevention of long-term morbidity and sequelae (e.g. hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease). The purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of rapidly diagnostic tests for the early detection of UTIs in paediatric patients. Total 247 midstream urine specimens were processed. On one part of sample semiquantitative culture was done and on another part various screening test (wet mount, Gram’s stain, catalase test, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride test and modified Griess nitrate test) were performed and compared with culture. Out of 247 urine samples, 58(23.48%) samples were culture positive. E. coli was most common bacteria pathogen isolated. Among screening tests, modified Griess nitrate test and TTC test were more specific. While catalase test and Gram stain were both sensitive and specific. Wet mount examination found to be the least useful test. Combination of screening test can be helpful especially in setup where laboratory facility for culture is not available for diagnosis of urinary tract infection.
1/12/2020 5:58:24 AM +00:00
Etiology of chronic kidney disease in children in three pediatric nephrology centers in Baghdad
Chronic kidney disease is abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for at least three months. Study the etiologies and stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in group of children and the correlation with some demographic criteria. Descriptive study included 100 patients with CKD, was conducted from the 1st of March to the end of August 2017. Demographic data were collected; examination of all patients and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated. Males were 49%, females were 51%. The most common cause of CKD was congenital anomalies in 34%, then secondary reflux nephropathy in 17%, glumerluopathies in 15%, hereditary causes in 10% of the patients. Congenital anomalies and Hereditary causes were diagnosed mainly before the age of 5 years in 52.9% and 88.9% respectively, while secondary reflux nephropathy and Glomerulopathy were diagnosed mainly after the age of 5 years in 64.7% and 73.3% respectively. The majority of patients were detected in stage V of CKD. Hypertension was found in 39% of patients, low weight for their age in 72%, short stature in 71%, and low PCV in 94%. The major causes of CKD are congenital anomalies, secondary reflux nephropathy, and glomerulopathies.
1/12/2020 5:58:02 AM +00:00