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Cross-sectional survey on prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms at a tertiary care health facility in Nairobi

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common childhood neurobehavioral disorder with well documented adverse consequences in adolescence and adulthood, yet 60-80% of cases go undiagnosed. Routine screening is not practiced in most pediatric outpatient services and little information exists on factors associated with the condition in developing countries.

1/13/2020 10:29:10 AM +00:00

Effects of methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A near-infrared spectroscopy study with CANTAB

A wide range of evidence supports the methylphenidate (MPH)-induced enhancement of prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning and improvements in behavioral symptoms in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although working memory (WM) has been hypothesized to be impaired in patients with ADHD, no pharmacological studies have examined visuospatial WM (VSWM) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

1/13/2020 10:28:54 AM +00:00

A randomized effectiveness trial of individual child social skills training: Six-month follow-up

Individual Social Skills Training (ISST) is a short term, individually delivered intervention (8-10 sessions) that promotes social skills in children with emerging or existing conduct problems. This study examined the effectiveness of ISST immediately and 6 months after the termination of the intervention.

1/13/2020 10:28:35 AM +00:00

Obstetric care providers assessing psychosocial risk factors during pregnancy: Validation of a short screening tool – the KINDEX Spanish Version

High levels of stress due to diverse psychosocial factors have a direct impact on the mothers’ wellbeing during pregnancy and both direct and indirect effects on the fetus. In most cases, psychosocial risk factors present during pregnancy will not disappear after delivery and might influence the parent-child relationship, affecting the healthy development of the offspring in the long term.

1/13/2020 10:28:13 AM +00:00

Development of mental health problems - a follow-up study of unaccompanied refugee minors

Studies have shown that unaccompanied refugee children have elevated symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems.

1/13/2020 10:27:55 AM +00:00

Pilot study: Feasibility of using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) during acute suicidal crisis

Assessing youths in acute suicidal crisis is a common jet pivotal task in child and adolescent psychiatry, usually relying primarily on the clinicians skills of assessment. The objective of this pilot-study was to evaluate feasibility and usefulness of questionnaires during assessment of youths in acute suicidal crisis.

1/13/2020 10:27:40 AM +00:00

Risk factors for rehospitalization and inpatient care among pediatric psychiatric intake response center patients

The study utilized a retrospective medical chart review of a random sample (n = 260). A PIRC profile was created using frequency and prevalence calculations, in addition to a survival analysis of patients who return to the PIRC in order to determine how long it takes for PIRC patients to return to the PIRC.

1/13/2020 10:27:22 AM +00:00

Mental health literacy and mental health status in adolescents: A population-based survey

This study aims to investigate the association between mental health literacy and the mental health status, particularly depression, among adolescents.

1/13/2020 10:27:06 AM +00:00

Melancholy and separation in prepuberty: The choice of anorexia nervosa as a subjectivation attempt

This article considers the question of the subjective elaboration of a subject’s relationship to the family-other within a hospitalization facility. Our starting point is the therapeutic follow-up of Clementine, a melancholic adolescent, thrown into an institutional setting following a severe case of anorexia nervosa.

1/13/2020 10:26:49 AM +00:00

Adverse life events and delinquent behavior among Kenyan adolescents: A cross-sectional study on the protective role of parental monitoring, religiosity, and self-esteem

Past research provides strong evidence that adverse life events heighten the risk of delinquent behavior among adolescents. Urban informal (slum) settlements in sub-Saharan Africa are marked by extreme adversity. However, the prevalence and consequences of adverse life events as well as protective factors that can mitigate the effects of exposure to these events in slum settlements is largely understudied.

1/13/2020 10:26:31 AM +00:00

A cross-sectional study of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: Support for a specific distress-function relationship

This study has investigated the specific relationship between childhood adversities, individual trauma symptoms and the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim was to examine whether different self-reported adverse experiences and trauma symptoms predict the need to engage in NSSI, either to regulate emotions or to communicate with and influence others.

1/13/2020 10:26:09 AM +00:00

Disturbances in attachment: Inhibited and disinhibited symptoms in foster children

Previous DSM-versions recognized an inhibited and a disinhibited subtype of the Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). The current DSM-5 distinguishes two different disorders, instead of two subtypes of RAD. This study examined whether a split-up of the subtypes is valid.

1/13/2020 10:25:53 AM +00:00

Psychosis in an adolescent girl: A common manifestation in Niemann-Pick Type C disease

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare autosomal-recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder. It is caused by mutations in the NPC1 (95%) or NPC2 gene. It is a progressive and highly heterogeneous disease, characterized by the presentation of visceral, neurological, and psychiatric symptoms.

1/13/2020 10:25:39 AM +00:00

Different stability of social-communication problems and negative demanding behaviour from infancy to toddlerhood in a large Dutch population sample

Little is known about the stability of behavioural and developmental problems as children develop from infants to toddlers in the general population. Therefore, we investigated behavioural profiles at two time points and determined whether behaviours are stable during early development.

1/13/2020 10:25:20 AM +00:00

Preliminary and ongoing French multicenter prospective naturalistic study of adverse events of antipsychotic treatment in naive children and adolescents

The prescription of antipsychotics (AP), and especially second generation AP, is increasing worldwide in the pediatric population. Most prescriptions are off-label and despite the identification of frequent and potentially severe adverse events (AE), there are only a few guidelines for the safety management. France is one of the countries with no official safety guidelines.

1/13/2020 10:25:05 AM +00:00

Clinical validity of the Me and My School questionnaire: A self-report mental health measure for children and adolescents

The Me and My School Questionnaire (M&MS) is a self-report measure for children aged eight years and above that measures emotional difficulties and behavioural difficulties, and has been previously validated in a community sample. The present study aimed to assess its clinical sensitivity to justify its utility as a screening tool in schools.

1/13/2020 10:24:50 AM +00:00

Catatonic features in adolescents with schizophrenia with and without a comorbid pervasive developmental disorder

Catatonia has been associated with both schizophrenia and pervasive developmental disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate catatonic features among adolescents suffering from schizophrenia. Further, we compared these features between adolescents with a comorbid pervasive developmental disorder and those without one.

1/13/2020 10:24:35 AM +00:00

Predicting aggression in children with ADHD

The present study uses structural equation modeling of latent traits to examine the extent to which family factors, cognitive factors and perceptions of rejection in mother-child relations differentially correlate with aggression at home and at school.

1/13/2020 10:24:19 AM +00:00

Measuring mental health and wellbeing outcomes for children and adolescents to inform practice and policy: A review of child self-report measures

This paper aimed to present the findings of the first review that evaluates existing broadband measures of mental health and wellbeing outcomes in terms of these criteria. The following steps were implemented in order to select measures suitable for use in routine practice: literature database searches, consultation with stakeholders, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, secondary searches and filtering.

1/13/2020 10:24:01 AM +00:00

Contact with child and adolescent psychiatric services among self-harming and suicidal adolescents in the general population: A cross sectional study

Studies have shown that adolescents with a history of both suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm report more mental health problems and other psychosocial problems than adolescents who report only one or none of these types of self-harm.

1/13/2020 10:23:45 AM +00:00

Psychosocial well-being in young adults with chronic illness since childhood: The role of illness cognitions

More and more pediatric patients reach adulthood. Some of them are successfully integrating in adult life, but many others are not. Possibly Illness cognitions (IC) - the way people give meaning to their illness/ disability – may play a role in individual differences on long-term adjustment.

1/13/2020 10:23:26 AM +00:00

The change and the mediating role of parental emotional reactions and depression in the treatment of traumatized youth: Results from a randomized controlled study

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) has been shown to efficiently treat children and youth exposed to traumatizing events. However, few studies have looked into mechanisms that may distinguish this treatment from other treatments.

1/13/2020 10:23:07 AM +00:00

A two-year perspective: Who may ease the burden of girls’ loneliness in school?

Loneliness is negatively related to good health and wellbeing, especially among girls. There is little research, however, on factors that may ease the burdens of loneliness in the school setting. Thus, we explored the relationship between girls’ loneliness and later school wellbeing adjusted for other adversities.

1/13/2020 10:22:51 AM +00:00

A brief cognitive-behavioural group therapy programme for the treatment of depression in adolescent outpatients: A pilot study

The goal of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and clinical outcomes of a brief (6-session) group therapy programme in adolescent outpatients with depression. The programme had previously been assessed in in-patients, with positive results.

1/13/2020 10:22:32 AM +00:00

A preliminary investigation on the relationship between virtues and pathological internet use among Chinese adolescents

Pathological Internet Use (PIU) has become a global issue associated with the increasing number of Internet users. Previous studies concerned both the interpersonal and intrapersonal vulnerable factors and the corresponding models. However, a limited amount of research has explored the relationship between positive factors and PIU.

1/13/2020 10:22:14 AM +00:00

The costs and benefits of diagnosis of ADHD: Commentary on Holden et al.

In this journal, Holden, Jenkins-Jones, Poole, Morgan, Coghill and Currie, CAPMH 7:34, 2013, report on the prevalence and financial costs of treating people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the UK over the last ten years. We commend the authors on their thorough cost analysis, and discuss differences in prevalence estimates of diagnosed ADHD,...

1/13/2020 10:22:02 AM +00:00

The development of a model of training in child psychiatry for non-physician clinicians in Ethiopia

The lack of trained mental health professionals has been an important barrier to establishing mental health services in low income countries. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of child psychiatry training within a graduate program in mental health for non-physician clinicians in Ethiopia.

1/13/2020 10:21:42 AM +00:00

Prevention of sexual abuse: Improved information is crucial

Sexual abuse can lead to long-lasting, even life-long, consequences and is a serious problem on an individual, familial and societal level. Therefore, prevention measures on different levels are a public health issue. Minors as well as adults should be involved in prevention work in order to prevent sexual abuse of minors in a sustainable way.

1/13/2020 10:21:25 AM +00:00

Adolescents’ multiple, recurrent subjective health complaints: Investigating associations with emotional/behavioural difficulties in a cross-sectional, school-based study

Adolescence has been documented as the peak age of onset for mental health perturbations, clinical disorders and unsubstantiated health complaints. The present study attempted to investigate associations between multiple, recurrent subjective health complaints (SHC) with emotional/behavioural difficulties, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scale (SDQ), among Greek adolescents.

1/13/2020 10:21:07 AM +00:00

Physical activity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and in the general population

Adults who suffer from psychiatric disorders report low levels of physical activity and the activity levels differ between disorders. Less is known regarding physical activity across psychiatric disorders in adolescence. We investigate the frequency and type of physical activity in adolescent psychiatric patients, compared with adolescents in the general population.

1/13/2020 10:20:49 AM +00:00