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Exploring relationships over time between psychological distress, perceived stress, life events and immature defense style on disordered eating pathology

Perceived stress, immature defense style, depression and anxiety and negative life events all are known to be associated with eating disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between these factors and their relative strength of association with eating disorder symptoms over time.

1/12/2020 9:13:05 PM +00:00

Listen protect connect for traumatized schoolchildren: A pilot study of psychological first aid

Listen Protect Connect (LPC), a school-based program of Psychological First Aid delivered by non-mental health professionals, is intended to support trauma-exposed children. Our objective was to implement LPC in a school setting and assess the effectiveness of LPC on improving psychosocial outcomes associated with trauma.

1/12/2020 9:12:49 PM +00:00

Validation and development of a shorter version of the resilience scale RS-11: Results from the population-based KORA–age study

The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the Resilience Scale 11 (RS-11) and develop a shorter scale in a population-based study.

1/12/2020 9:12:33 PM +00:00

Report on personality and adherence to antibiotic therapy: A population-based study

Antimicrobial resistance results from inappropriate use of antibiotics and makes common or life-threatening infections more difficult or sometimes impossible to treat. Proper adherence to antibiotic therapy is one among several measures required to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Knowledge of personality traits could help in identifying patients who need support with their adherence behaviour.

1/12/2020 9:12:18 PM +00:00

Physical exercise as a supplement to outpatient treatment of alcohol use disorders – a randomized controlled trial

Alcohol use disorder is a widespread problem in Denmark and has severe impacts on health and quality of life of each individual. The clinical treatment of alcohol use disorder involves evidence-based knowledge on medical treatment, physical training, and psychological management.

1/12/2020 9:12:02 PM +00:00

After a pair of self-control-intensive tasks, sucrose swishing improves subsequent working memory performance

The limited strength model of self-control predicts that acts of self-control impair subsequent performance on tasks that require self-control (i.e., “ego depletion”), and the majority of the published research on this topic is supportive of this prediction.

1/12/2020 9:11:42 PM +00:00

Evidence-based treatment for Depersonalisation-derealisation Disorder (DPRD)

Depersonalisation-derealisation disorder (DPRD) is a distressing and impairing condition with a pathophysiology that is not well understood. Nevertheless, given the growing interest in its pathogenesis, and the publication of a number of treatment trials, a systematic review of randomised controlled pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy trials is timely.

1/12/2020 9:11:20 PM +00:00

Gender differences in subjective memory impairment in a general population: The HUNT study, Norway

There is increased focus on early diagnosis of dementia, and subjective awareness of memory impairment is often assumed to be an early symptom of dementia. Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is used to describe subjective awareness of memory problems in the elderly after identifiable diseases which include this symptom are excluded.

1/12/2020 9:11:04 PM +00:00

Cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Design of a randomized controlled trial

Depressive symptoms are a common problem in patients with diabetes, laying an additional burden on both the patients and the health care system. Patients suffering from these symptoms rarely receive adequate evidence-based psychological help as part of routine clinical care. Offering brief evidence-based treatments aimed at alleviating depressive symptoms could improve patients’ medical and psychological outcomes.

1/12/2020 9:10:44 PM +00:00

The impact of early life factors on cognitive function in old age: The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)

Previous studies have shown that adverse conditions during fetal and early life are associated with lower performance on neurocognitive tests in childhood, adolescence and adult life. There is, however, a paucity in studies investigating these associations into old age.

1/12/2020 9:10:25 PM +00:00

Culturally specific versus standard group cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation among African Americans: An RCT protocol

African American smokers experience disproportionately higher rates of tobacco-related illnesses compared to Caucasians. It has been suggested that interventions targeted to specific racial/ethnic groups (i.e., culturally specific) are needed; however, the literature examining the efficacy of culturally specific interventions is equivocal. Moreover, there are few descriptions of methods used to create these interventions.

1/12/2020 9:10:07 PM +00:00

Life changes and depressive symptoms: The effects of valence and amount of change

Only few studies have focused on the effects of positive life changes on depression, and the ones that did demonstrated inconsistent findings. The aim of the present study was to obtain a better understanding of the influence of positive life changes on depressive symptoms by decomposing life changes into a valence and an amount of change component.

1/12/2020 9:09:46 PM +00:00

Frequency of positive states of mind as a moderator of the effects of stress on psychological functioning and perceived health

Emerging evidence indicates that individuals reporting more positive affect are healthier and live longer. The aim of this study was to examine if positive states of mind moderates the effect of perceived stress on psychological functioning and perceived health.

1/12/2020 9:09:31 PM +00:00

Using the yes/no recognition response pattern to detect memory malingering

Detection of feigned neurocognitive deficits is a challenge for neuropsychological assessment. We conducted two studies to examine whether memory malingering is characterized by an elevated proportion of false negatives during yes/no recognition testing and whether this could be a useful measure for assessment.

1/12/2020 9:09:11 PM +00:00

Promoting sense of coherence: Salutogenesis among people with psoriasis undergoing patient education in climate therapy

There is a need for further investigation of sense of coherence (SOC), the central concept of salutogenesis, and its relationship with long-term illnesses such as psoriasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of SOC during patient education in the context of climate therapy and to explore factors that may predict changes in SOC among people with psoriasis.

1/12/2020 9:08:55 PM +00:00

Sex discriminations made on the basis of ambiguous visual cues can be affected by the presence of an olfactory cue

Almost every interpersonal interaction is mediated by the sex of the individuals involved. Visual, auditory, and olfactory cues provide individuals with the opportunity to discriminate the sex of others from a distance and so prepare sex-appropriate behaviours for any impending interaction.

1/12/2020 9:08:39 PM +00:00

Validation of the 10-item Chinese perceived stress scale in elderly service workers: One-factor versus two-factor structure

Despite its popularity, the psychometric properties of the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-10) in working adults are yet to be evaluated.

1/12/2020 9:08:24 PM +00:00

Neuropsychological profile according to the clinical stage of young persons presenting for mental health care

Clinical staging of mental disorders proposes that individuals can be assessed at various sub-syndromal and later developed phases of illness. As an adjunctive rating, it may complement traditional diagnostic silo-based approaches. In this study, we sought to determine the relationships between clinical stage and neuropsychological profile in young persons presenting to youth-focused mental health services.

1/12/2020 9:08:07 PM +00:00

Development and preliminary testing of the psychosocial adjustment to hereditary diseases scale

The presence of Lynch syndrome (LS) can bring a lifetime of uncertainty to an entire family as members adjust to living with a high lifetime cancer risk. The research base on how individuals and families adjust to genetic-linked diseases following predictive genetic testing has increased our understanding of short-term impacts but gaps continue to exist in knowledge of important factors that facilitate or impede long-term adjustment.

1/12/2020 9:07:44 PM +00:00

Suicide prevention in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis: A systematic review

The incidence of suicide is high among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis. A systematic review was performed to investigate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in reducing suicidal behaviour among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis.

1/12/2020 9:07:24 PM +00:00

A rasch model to test the cross-cultural validity in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) across six geo-cultural groups

The objective of this study was to examine the cross-cultural differences of the PANSS across six geo-cultural regions. The specific aims are (1) to examine measurement properties of the PANSS; and (2) to examine how each of the 30 items function across geo-cultural regions.

1/12/2020 9:06:57 PM +00:00

Evaluation of emotion processing in HIV-infected patients and correlation with cognitive performance

Facial emotion recognition depends on cortical and subcortical networks. HIV infection of the central nervous system can damage these networks, leading to impaired facial emotion recognition.

1/12/2020 9:06:40 PM +00:00

Negativland - a home for all findings in Psychology

Psychology has been historically plagued by the under-reporting of both replications and null findings. The avoidance of these core ingredients of scientific practice means that the psychology literature is unquestionably distorted. The bias in psychology is pervasive and systemic, afflicting researchers, reviewers, editors and journals, all of whom are wed to pursuing the novel and the curious at the expense of the reliable.

1/12/2020 9:06:21 PM +00:00

Cognitive-Behavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for the treatment of post-natal depression: A narrative review

Post-natal Depression (PND) is a depressive disorder that causes significant distress or impairment on different levels in the individual’s life and their families. There is already evidence of the efficacy of psychological treatments for PND.

1/12/2020 9:05:53 PM +00:00

A protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled superiority trial investigating the effects of two pedagogical methodologies in Swedish preschool settings on language and communication, executive functions, auditive selective attention, socioemotional skills and early maths skills

During the preschool years, children develop abilities and skills in areas crucial for later success in life. These abilities include language, executive functions, attention, and socioemotional skills. The pedagogical methods used in preschools hold the potential to enhance these abilities, but our knowledge of which pedagogical practices aid which abilities, and for which children, is limited.

1/12/2020 9:05:19 PM +00:00

Cross-cultural validation of the German and Turkish versions of the PHQ-9: An IRT approach

The Patient Health Questionnaire’s depression module (PHQ-9) is a widely used screening tool to assess depressive disorders. However, cross-linguistic and cross-cultural validation of the PHQ-9 is mostly lacking. This study investigates whether scores on the German and Turkish versions of the PHQ-9 are comparable.

1/12/2020 9:04:58 PM +00:00

Memory-related subjective cognitive symptoms in the adult population: prevalence and associated factors – results of the LIFE-Adult-Study

Subjectively perceived memory problems (memory-related Subjective Cognitive Symptoms/SCS) can be an indicator of a pre-prodromal or prodromal stage of a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s disease. We therefore sought to provide detailed empirical information on memory-related SCS in the dementia-free adult population including information on prevalence rates, associated factors and others.

1/12/2020 9:04:36 PM +00:00

Enhanced early visual processing in response to snake and trypophobic stimuli

Trypophobia refers to aversion to clusters of holes. We investigated whether trypophobic stimuli evoke augmented early posterior negativity (EPN).

1/12/2020 9:04:20 PM +00:00

Psychological health is associated with knee pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: An exploratory cross-sectional study

Depressive symptoms are a major comorbidity in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the type of activity-induced knee pain associated with depression has not been examined. Furthermore, there is conflicting evidence regarding the association between depression and performance-based physical function.

1/12/2020 9:04:02 PM +00:00

Randomized control trial of computerbased training targeting alertness in older adults: The ALERT trial protocol

Healthy aging is associated with a decline in multiple functional domains including perception, attention, short and long-term memory, reasoning, decision-making, as well as cognitive and motor control functions; all of which are significantly modulated by an individual’s level of alertness.

1/12/2020 9:03:39 PM +00:00