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Triangulating meta-analyses: The example of the serotonin transporter gene, stressful life events and major depression

Meta-analysis is intended as a tool for the objective synthesis of evidence across a literature, in order to obtain the best evidence as to whether or not an association or effect is robust. However, as the use of meta-analysis has proliferated it has become increasingly clear that the results of a meta-analysis can be critically sensitive to methodological and analytical choices, so that different meta-analyses on the same topic can arrive at quite different conclusions.

1/12/2020 10:03:37 PM +00:00

The testing effect for mediator final test cues and related final test cues in online and laboratory experiments

The testing effect is the finding that information that is retrieved during learning is more often correctly retrieved on a final test than information that is restudied. According to the semantic mediator hypothesis the testing effect arises because retrieval practice of cue-target pairs (mother-child) activates semantically related mediators (father) more than restudying.

1/12/2020 10:03:15 PM +00:00

On the reproducibility of meta-analyses: Six practical recommendations

Meta-analyses play an important role in cumulative science by combining information across multiple studies and attempting to provide effect size estimates corrected for publication bias. Research on the reproducibility of meta-analyses reveals that errors are common, and the percentage of effect size calculations that cannot be reproduced is much higher than is desirable.

1/12/2020 10:02:53 PM +00:00

The effectiveness of email-based exercises in promoting psychological wellbeing and healthy lifestyle: A two-year follow-up study

Web-based interventions provide a possibility to enhance well-being in large groups of people. Only a few studies have studied the effectiveness of the interventions and there is no information on the sustainability of the effects. Study aims were to investigate both the short (2-month) and long-term (2-year) effects of email-based training for mental health and lifestyle.

1/12/2020 10:02:33 PM +00:00

Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: Results from a large French cross-sectional survey

The great majority of mental disorders begin during adolescence or early adulthood, although they are often detected and treated later in life. To compare mental health status of college students and their noncollege-attending peers whether working, attending a secondary school, or non-college-attending peers who are neither employed nor students or trainees (NENST) will allow to focus on high risk group.

1/12/2020 10:02:16 PM +00:00

Sex stereotypes influence adults’ perception of babies’ cries

Despite widespread evidence that gender stereotypes influence human parental behavior, their potential effects on adults’ perception of babies’ cries have been overlooked. In particular, whether adult listeners overgeneralize the sex dimorphism that characterizes the voice of adult speakers (men are lower-pitched than women) to their perception of babies’ cries has not been investigated.

1/12/2020 10:01:55 PM +00:00

A protocol for a randomised activecontrolled trial to evaluate the effects of an online mindfulness intervention on executive control, critical thinking and key thinking dispositions in a university student sample

While most modern research focuses on the clinical benefits of mindfulness, an emerging body of work suggests that mindfulness can facilitate self-regulation of everyday thinking in typically developing individuals. This behaviour is best captured using critical thinking assessments.

1/12/2020 10:01:32 PM +00:00

Participation in rural community groups and links with psychological well-being and resilience: A cross-sectional community-based study

Fostering the development of community groups can be an important part of boosting community participation and improving health and well-being outcomes in rural communities. In this article, we examine whether psychological well-being and resilience are linked to participating in particular kinds of rural community groups.

1/12/2020 10:01:14 PM +00:00

Social and occupational factors associated with psychological distress and disorder among disaster responders: A systematic review

When disasters occur, there are many different occupational groups involved in rescue, recovery and support efforts. This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review to identify social and occupational factors affecting the psychological impact of disasters on responders.

1/12/2020 10:00:48 PM +00:00

General self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress after a natural disaster: A longitudinal study

Self-efficacy may be an important factor in individuals’ recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions after a natural disaster. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated whether self-efficacy predicts the course of posttraumatic recovery beyond lower initial levels of distress. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether general self-efficacy is related to recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions from a longitudinal perspective.

1/12/2020 10:00:30 PM +00:00

Interaction between COMT rs5993883 and second generation antipsychotics is linked to decreases in verbal cognition and cognitive control in bipolar disorder

Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are increasingly utilized in Bipolar Disorder (BD) but are potentially associated with cognitive side effects. Also linked to cognitive deficits associated with SGA-treatment are catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene variants. In this study, we examine the relationship between cognition in SGA use and COMT rs5993883 in cohort sample of subjects with BD.

1/12/2020 10:00:12 PM +00:00

Single-session dialectical behavior therapy skills training versus relaxation training for non-treatment-engaged suicidal adults: A randomized controlled trial

Individuals who are not engaged in treatment are commonly overlooked in the design of intervention trials targeting suicidal populations as a result of recruitment methodology that requires individuals to be referred from their current provider. In fact, research suggests that the majority of individuals who die by suicide have not been in contact with mental health services in the year before their death.

1/12/2020 9:59:57 PM +00:00

Validation of the Flourishing Scale in a sample of people with suboptimal levels of mental well-being

There is growing interest in measuring the eudaimonic perspective of mental well-being (social and psychological well-being) alongside existing measures of the hedonic perspective of mental well-being (subjective well-being). The Flourishing Scale (FS) assesses core aspects of social-psychological functioning and is now widely used in research in practice.

1/12/2020 9:59:39 PM +00:00

Exploring the relationship of decentering to health related concepts and cognitive and metacognitive processes in a student sample

Decentering, a central change strategy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, is a process of stepping outside of one’s own mental events leading to an objective and non-judging stance towards the self. The study aimed at investigating associated mechanisms of decentering.

1/12/2020 9:59:18 PM +00:00

Study protocol - efficacy of an attachmentbased working alliance in the multimodal pain treatment

The concept of attachment is relevant for the onset and development of chronic pain. Insecure attachment styles negatively affect therapeutic outcome. Insecurely attached patients seem to be less able to sustain positive effects of a multimodal treatment program.

1/12/2020 9:59:00 PM +00:00

Psychometric properties of the newly translated creole multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and perceived adequacy of resource scale (PARS) and the relationship between perceived social support and resources in Haitian mothers in the US

Low income postpartum mothers with little to no social support have increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, especially those with limited English proficiency and limited accesses to resources. Haitians, a growing minority in the US are an understudied population excluded from most studies due to the lack of instruments in Creole.

1/12/2020 9:58:42 PM +00:00

How a concerned family member, friend or member of the public can help someone with gambling problems: a Delphi consensus studyHow a concerned family member, friend or member of the public can help someone with gambling problems: A Delphi consensus study

Gambling is an enjoyable recreational pursuit for many people. However, for some it can lead to significant harms. The Delphi expert consensus method was used to develop guidelines for how a concerned family member, friend or member of the public can recognise the signs of gambling problems and support a person to change their gambling.

1/12/2020 9:58:22 PM +00:00

Neural responses to a modified Stroop paradigm in patients with complex chronic musculoskeletal pain compared to matched controls: An experimental functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSKP) is attentionally demanding, complex and multi-factorial; neuroimaging research in the population seen in pain clinics is sparse. A better understanding of the neural activity underlying attentional processes to pain related information compared to healthy controls may help inform diagnosis and management in the future.

1/12/2020 9:58:02 PM +00:00

Self-regulation of healthy nutrition: Automatic and controlled processes

Self-regulatory behaviour refers to both controlled and automatic processes. When people are distracted, automatic over controlled processes prevail. This was analysed with regard to nutritional behaviour (food choices, beverage intake) in situations of low or high distraction.

1/12/2020 9:57:44 PM +00:00

Assessing the daily stability of the cortisol awakening response in a controlled environment

Levels of cortisol, the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, display a sharp increase immediately upon awakening, known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The daily stability of the CAR is potentially influenced by a range of methodological factors, including light exposure, participant adherence, sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings, making inferences about variations in the CAR difficult.

1/12/2020 9:57:27 PM +00:00

Adult attachment style and cortisol responses in women in late pregnancy

Recent research has documented the association between attachment and cortisol rhythms. During pregnancy, when attachment patterns are likely to be activated, elevated levels of cortisol are associated with negative effects for the mother and the foetus.

1/12/2020 9:57:07 PM +00:00

The moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between work and salivary cortisol: A cross-sectional study of 401 employees in 34 Canadian companies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of personality traits in explaining the relationship between workplace stressors and variations in salivary cortisol concentrations.

1/12/2020 9:56:46 PM +00:00

Randomized controlled expressive writing pilot in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their caregivers are at risk for emotional distress and hypercortisolism. Expressive writing is an effective complementary intervention to ameliorate the psychological and physiological effects of chronic illness. This pilot study aimed to evaluate feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention for individuals with PD and their caregivers.

1/12/2020 9:56:22 PM +00:00

Examining the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognition and the impact of any cognitive impairment on quality of life in colorectal cancer patients: Study protocol

Research suggests that chemotherapy can cause deficits in both patients’ objectively measured and self-reported cognitive abilities which can in turn affect their quality of life (QoL). The majority of research studies have used post-treatment retrospective designs or have not included a control group in prospective cohorts. This has limited the conclusions that can be drawn from the results.

1/12/2020 9:56:06 PM +00:00

Cognitive behaviour therapy for non-cardiac pain in the chest (COPIC): A multicentre randomized controlled trial with economic evaluation

Most patients with chest pain have nothing wrong with their cardiac function. Psychological forms of treatment for this condition are more likely to be successful than others.

1/12/2020 9:55:51 PM +00:00

The Tree Theme Method® (TTM), an occupational therapy intervention for treating depression and anxiety: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Depression and anxiety disorders are increasing among the general population in the Western world. Individuals may need several kinds of treatment in order to maintain health, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and drug treatment. However, having an everyday life that “works” is also important, suggesting a need for interventions based on activities that facilitate a satisfying everyday life.

1/12/2020 9:55:34 PM +00:00

The SENSE Study (Sleep and Education: Learning New Skills Early): A community cognitive-behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based sleep intervention to prevent depression and improve cardiac health in adolescence

Sleep problems are a major risk factor for the emergence of depression in adolescence. The aim of this study was to test whether an intervention for improving sleep habits could prevent the emergence of depression, and improve well-being and cardiovascular indices amongst at-risk adolescents.

1/12/2020 9:55:12 PM +00:00

Doctor, builder, soldier, lawyer, teacher, dancer, shopkeeper, vet: Exploratory study of which eleven-year olds would like to become a doctor

Very little is known about the extent to which eleven-year olds might consider a career in medicine. This exploratory study therefore asked children and their parents about medicine as a possible career, looking also at the relationship to a range of background measures.

1/12/2020 9:54:55 PM +00:00

Measuring participation for persons with mental illness: A systematic review assessing relevance of existing scales for low and middle income countries

Participation is increasingly becoming an important outcome for assessment in many fields, including development, disability and policy implementation. However, selecting specific instruments to measure participation has been a significant problem due to overlapping conceptual definitions and use of different theories.

1/12/2020 9:54:35 PM +00:00

Bullied at school, bullied at work: A prospective study

The consequences of childhood bullying victimisation are serious. Much previous research on risk factors for being bullied has used a cross-sectional design, impeding the possibility to draw conclusions on causality, and has not considered simultaneous effects of multiple risk factors.

1/12/2020 9:54:13 PM +00:00