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Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies

Non-conscious neural activation may underlie various psychological functions in health and disorder. However, the neural substrates of non-conscious processing have not been entirely elucidated. Examining the differential effects of arousing stimuli that are consciously, versus unconsciously perceived will improve our knowledge of neural circuitry involved in non-conscious perception.

1/12/2020 9:33:26 PM +00:00

Type D personality is a predictor of prolonged acute brain dysfunction (delirium/coma) after cardiovascular surgery

Previous studies have shown a relationship between delirium and depressive symptoms after cardiac surgery with distress personalities linking to negative surgical outcomes. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the association between patients with Type D (distressed) personality with regards to delirium after cardiac surgery.

1/12/2020 9:33:08 PM +00:00

An umbrella review of the literature on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for pain reduction

Psychological interventions are widely implemented for pain management and treatment, but their reported effectiveness shows considerable variation and there is elevated likelihood for bias.

1/12/2020 9:32:46 PM +00:00

The Mizan meta-memory and metaconcentration scale for students (MMSS): A test of its psychometric validity in a sample of university students

Predisposing factors for metacognitive dysfunctions are common in university students. However, there is currently no valid questionnaire instrument designed to assess metacognitive aspects including meta-memory and meta-concentration in students. To address this need, the present study investigated the psychometric validity of a brief questionnaire, the Mizan meta-memory and meta-concentration scale for students (MMSS) in university students.

1/12/2020 9:32:28 PM +00:00

Psychosocial factors associated with flourishing among Australian HIV-positive gay men

Mental health outcomes among HIV-positive gay men are generally poorer than in the broader population. However, not all men in this population experience mental health problems. Although much is known about factors associated with depression and anxiety among HIV-positive gay men, little is known about factors associated with positive mental health. Such knowledge can be useful for optimizing well-being support programs for HIV-positive gay men.

1/12/2020 9:32:11 PM +00:00

The neglect of treatment-construct validity in psychotherapy research: A systematic review of comparative RCTs of psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the best methodology for studying the efficacy of psychotherapy. Optimally an RCT design makes it possible to conclude that if one treatment has a better outcome than another, this is due to the treatment package (TP) as it was implemented in this particular context, rather than other factors beyond the treatment (= high internal validity).

1/12/2020 9:31:44 PM +00:00

A journey through chaos and calmness: Experiences of mindfulness training in patients with depressive symptoms after a recent coronary event - a qualitative diary content analysis

Psychological distress with symptoms of depression and anxiety is common and unrecognized in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Efforts have been made to treat psychological distress in CAD with both conventional methods, such as antidepressant drugs and psychotherapy, and non-conventional methods, such as stress management courses.

1/12/2020 9:31:25 PM +00:00

The effectiveness of universal parenting programmes: The CANparent trial

There is substantial evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of targeted parenting programmes but much less evidence regarding universal parenting programmes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CANparent Trial of 12 universal parenting programmes, which were made available to parents of all children aged 0–6 years in three local authorities in England.

1/12/2020 9:31:05 PM +00:00

Preliminary analysis of validation evidence for two new scales assessing teachers’ confidence and worries related to delivering mental health content in the classroom

This paper outlines the development and gathering of preliminary evidence of validity for two new scales designed to assess teachers’ confidence and worries related to delivering mental health content in the classroom.

1/12/2020 9:30:48 PM +00:00

Empirical research in clinical supervision: A systematic review and suggestions for future studies

Although clinical supervision is considered to be a major component of the development and maintenance of psychotherapeutic competencies, and despite an increase in supervision research, the empirical evidence on the topic remains sparse.

1/12/2020 9:30:31 PM +00:00

Growing up HIV-positive in Uganda: “Psychological immunodeficiency”? A qualitative study

The study is constructed of both quantitative and qualitative components. In this article we report a qualitative study on the experiences of 21 adolescents (twelve to seventeen years) living with HIV in Uganda.

1/12/2020 9:30:10 PM +00:00

The impact of perceived ethnic discrimination on mental health depends on transcultural identity: Evidence for a moderator effect

While ethnic discrimination emphasizes boundaries between different cultures, the concept of transculturality focuses on the fact that cultures can merge and that individuals integrate novel cultural elements into their identity. This is an exploratory study that investigates the interplay between perceived ethnic discrimination, psychological adjustment and transcultural identity.

1/12/2020 9:29:48 PM +00:00

The mental-attention Tai Chi effect with older adults

Tai Chi practice has some fitness, wellness, and general cognitive effects in older adults. However, benefits of Tai Chi on specific mental-attentional executive processes have not been investigated previously. We studied older Canadian adults of Chinese and non-Chinese origin and from low socioeconomic areas.

1/12/2020 9:29:28 PM +00:00

Randomized controlled trial of a health plan-level mood disorders psychosocial intervention for solo or small practices

Mood disorders represent the most expensive mental disorders for employer-based commercial health plans. Collaborative care models are effective in treating chronic physical and mental illnesses at little to no net healthcare cost, but to date have primarily been implemented by larger healthcare organizations in facility-based models.

1/12/2020 9:29:08 PM +00:00

Attachment to mothers and fathers during middle childhood: An evidence from Polish sample

Middle childhood is a significant period of change both for a child’s cognition and social functioning. Considering that the primary developmental theme of attachment in middle childhood is the balance between child’s growing autonomy and the constant need of relatedness, cultural differences in developmental trends in the attachment might be considered as a function of individualism and collectivism orientations.

1/12/2020 9:28:42 PM +00:00

Exploratory study of the impact of perceived reward on habit formation

Habits (learned automatic responses to contextual cues) are considered important in sustaining health behaviour change. While habit formation is promoted by repeating behaviour in a stable context, little is known about what other variables may contribute, and whether there are variables which may accelerate the habit formation process.

1/12/2020 9:28:22 PM +00:00

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Illness Invalidation Inventory for use in Sweden

This study describes the translation and cultural adaptation procedure and guidelines for the Illness Invalidation Inventory for use in Sweden. Invalidation includes responses to negative social interactions and to the lack of positive social interactions, responses that can negatively affect health and suffering.

1/12/2020 9:28:06 PM +00:00

Views on a brief mindfulness intervention among patients with long-term illness

Chronic illness is the leading cause of death in the UK and worldwide. Psychological therapies to support self-management have been shown to play an important role in helping those with chronic illness cope; more recently, the therapeutic benefits of mindfulness approaches have become evident for managing depression and other distressing emotions.

1/12/2020 9:27:50 PM +00:00

Design of a controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Supportive Parenting (‘Stevig Ouderschap’): An intervention to empower parents at increased risk of parenting problems by providing early home visits

In the Netherlands, 15 % of all families with children under the age of 13 years deal with significant parenting problems. Severe parenting problems may lead to adverse physical, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes for children, both in the short and long run.

1/12/2020 9:27:35 PM +00:00

The transition from university to work: What happens to mental health? A longitudinal study

When enrolled in university or college, students receive varying degrees of training in managing practical situations in the workplace. However, after graduation, the young professionals meet their responsibilities at work. The experience of the transition between education and work may connote a feeling of professional uncertainty and lack of coping, both of which are important factors related to young professionals’ mental health.

1/12/2020 9:27:17 PM +00:00

Simulated Partners and Collaborative Exercise (SPACE) to boost motivation for astronauts: Study protoco

Astronauts may have difficulty adhering to exercise regimens at vigorous intensity levels during long space missions. Vigorous exercise is important for aerobic and musculoskeletal health during space missions and afterwards. A key impediment to maintaining vigorous exercise is motivation.

1/12/2020 9:26:58 PM +00:00

A short tool to screen HIV-infected patients for mild neurocognitive disorders – a pilot study

HIV-infected individuals with a suppressed viral load were examined at the University Hospital Basel with a screening test consisting of a questionnaire and selected cognitive tests, administered by trained nurses, followed by an in-depth neuropsychological examination. Test acceptance was evaluated with a questionnaire.

1/12/2020 9:26:40 PM +00:00

Factor analysis of the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation – outcome measures (CORE-OM) in a Kenyan sample

There is no generic psychotherapy outcome measure validated for Kenyan populations. The objective of this study was to test the acceptability and factor structure of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure in patients attending psychiatric clinics at two state-owned hospitals in Nairobi.

1/12/2020 9:26:24 PM +00:00

Comparison of two psycho-educational family group interventions for improving psycho-social outcomes in persons with spinal cord injury and their caregivers: A randomized-controlled trial of multi-family group intervention versus an active education control condition

The proposed research aims to fill this gap by evaluating the efficacy of a structured adaptation of an evidence-based psychosocial group treatment called MultiFamily Group (MFG) intervention. The objective of this study is to test, in a randomized-controlled design, an MFG intervention for the treatment of individuals with SCI and their primary caregivers.

1/12/2020 9:26:08 PM +00:00

Size and emotion or depth and emotion? Evidence, using Matryoshka (Russian) dolls, of children using physical depth as a proxy for emotional charge

The size and emotion effect is the tendency for children to draw people and other objects with a positive emotional charge larger than those with a negative or neutral charge. Here we explored the novel idea that drawing size might be acting as a proxy for depth (proximity).

1/12/2020 9:25:50 PM +00:00

Exploring the reliability and acceptability of cognitive tests for Indigenous Australians: A pilot study

Reliable cognitive assessment for Indigenous Australians is difficult given that mainstream tests typically rely on Western concepts, content and values. A test’s psychometric properties should therefore be assessed prior to use in other cultures. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the reliability and acceptability of four cognitive tests for Australian Aboriginal people.

1/12/2020 9:25:29 PM +00:00

Protecting the psychological wellbeing of staff exposed to disaster or emergency at work: A qualitative study

Disasters are becoming more prevalent across the world and people are frequently exposed to them as part of their occupational groups. It is important for organisations to understand how best to support employees who have experienced a trauma such as a disaster. The purpose of this study was to explore employees’ perceptions of workplace support and help-seeking in the context of a disaster.

1/12/2020 9:25:10 PM +00:00

Is mid-life social participation associated with cognitive function at age 50 results from the british national child development study (NCDS)

Some studies have indicated that social engagement is associated with better cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to investigate associations between life-course social engagement (civic participation) and cognitive status at age 50, adjusting for social networks and support, behavioural, health, social and socio-economic characteristics.

1/12/2020 9:24:48 PM +00:00

The CogBIAS longitudinal study of adolescence: Cohort profile and stability and change in measures across three waves

Adolescence is a time of considerable social, cognitive, and physiological development. It reflects a period of heightened risk for the onset of mental health problems, as well as heightened opportunity for flourishing and resilience. The CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S) aims to investigate psychological development during adolescence.

1/12/2020 9:24:21 PM +00:00

Gender differences among Indigenous Canadians experiencing homelessness and mental illness

Indigenous people are over represented among homeless populations worldwide and the prevalence of Indigenous homelessness appears to be increasing in Canadian cities. Violence against Indigenous women in Canada has been widely publicized but has not informed the planning of housing interventions.

1/12/2020 9:24:00 PM +00:00