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The relationship between trait empathy and memory formation for social vs. non-social information

To navigate successfully through their complex social environment, humans need both empathic and mnemonic skills. Little is known on how these two types of psychological abilities relate to each other in humans. Although initial clinical findings suggest a positive association, systematic investigations in healthy subject samples have not yet been performed.

1/12/2020 9:43:59 PM +00:00

Adult attachment style as a risk factor for maternal postnatal depression: A systematic review

Postnatal depression (PND) is an important health problem of global relevance for maternal health and impacts on the health and wellbeing of the child over the life-course. Multinational data is hard to locate, the economic burden of PND on health care systems have been calculated in several countries, including Canada and in the UK. In Canada, health and social care costs for a mother with PND were found to be just over twice that of mothers with no mental illness.

1/12/2020 9:43:39 PM +00:00

Tympanic membrane temperature in adopted children associated with sleep problems and pre-adoption living arrangements: An exploratory study

Tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) has been proposed as an indicator of cerebral activation and TMT asymmetry may indicate lateralization, which has been associated with specific (problem) behaviors in children and adults. The current study explored the relations between pre-adoption living arrangements, TMT, and behavior and sleep problems in a sample of adopted toddlers.

1/12/2020 9:43:21 PM +00:00

Comparative effectiveness of cognitive and dynamic therapies for major depressive disorder in a community mental health setting: Study protocol for a randomized non-inferiority trial

There is substantial evidence that cognitive therapy is an effective intervention for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Although dynamic psychotherapies have been widely studied and are commonly practiced worldwide, there are few randomized comparisons of cognitive therapy and dynamic therapy for major depressive disorder.

1/12/2020 9:42:50 PM +00:00

Exploring salivary cortisol and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents living in two homes

Each year, around 50.000 children in Sweden experience a separation between their parents. Joint physical custody (JPC), where the child alternates homes between the parents for about equal amount of time, has become a common living arrangement after parental separation. Children in two homes could benefit from everyday contact with both parents and access to both parents’ financial resources.

1/12/2020 9:42:33 PM +00:00

Associations between social isolation, pro-social behaviour and emotional development in preschool aged children: A population based survey of kindergarten staff

The impact of peer relationships has been extensively reported during adolescence, when peer influence is generally considered to be at its greatest. Research on social isolation during childhood has found associations with school achievement, future relationships and adult mental health. Much of the evidence is derived from either parent or child-rated assessment of peer relationships, each of which have their limitations.

1/12/2020 9:42:12 PM +00:00

Direct and indirect aggression and victimization in adolescents - associations with the development of psychological difficulties

Previous research has established that direct and indirect forms of aggression differ in their association with gender and type of psychological difficulties. One purpose of the present study was to test if the same applies to direct and indirect victimization.

1/12/2020 9:41:50 PM +00:00

A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation and D-cycloserine for individuals with bipolar disorder

Cognitive remediation (CR) has shown significant promise in addressing the cognitive deficits that accompany serious mental illness. However, this intervention does not appear to completely ameliorate the cognitive deficits that accompany these illnesses. D-cycloserine (DCS), an NMDA receptor partial agonist, has been shown to enhance the therapeutic benefits of learning-based psychosocial interventions for psychiatric disorders.

1/12/2020 9:41:29 PM +00:00

Long shadows: A prospective study of predictors of relationship dissolution over 17 child-rearing years

Parental relationship dissolutions have repeatedly been linked to negative outcomes for children, but predictors of parental dissolutions have been far less studied. Knowledge about parental dissolutions occurring after the early years of parenthood is especially sparse.

1/12/2020 9:41:06 PM +00:00

Short-term efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in depressionreanalysis of data from meta-analyses up to 2010

According to a narrative review of 13 meta-analyses (published up to 2010), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has a moderate, short-term antidepressant effect in the treatment of major depression. The aim of the current study was to reanalyse the data from these 13 meta-analyses with a uniform meta-analytical procedure and to investigate predictors of such an antidepressant response.

1/12/2020 9:40:39 PM +00:00

Study protocol: Psychological and physiological consequences of exposure to mass media in young women - an experimental cross-sectional and longitudinal study and the role of moderators

Repeated exposure to thin beauty ideals is part of the daily routine. Exposure to thin ideals via mass media plays an important role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), low self-esteem, depressive or anxious feelings in young females

1/12/2020 9:40:15 PM +00:00

The developmental relationship between language and motor performance from 3 to 5 years of age: A prospective longitudinal population study

Previous research has found that language and motor skills are closely interrelated developmental areas. This observation has led to questions about the specificity of these domains, and the nature of the associations. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between language and gross and fine motor performance from 3 to 5 years of age.

1/12/2020 9:39:56 PM +00:00

Test-retest reliability of Common Mental Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ) in patients with total hip replacement (THR)

The Common Mental Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ) is used to assess patients’ mental health. It has previously been shown to provide a sensitive and specific instrument for general practitioner setting but has so far not been tested in hospital setting or for changes over time (test-retest).

1/12/2020 9:39:39 PM +00:00

Adaptation and testing of psychosocial assessment instruments for cross-cultural use: An example from the Thailand Burma border

The purpose of this study was to develop valid and reliable instruments to assess priority psychosocial problems and functioning among adult survivors of systematic violence from Burma living in Thailand.

1/12/2020 9:39:21 PM +00:00

Higher perceived stress and poorer health reflected in elevated cortisol concentrations measured in extracts of hair from middle-aged healthy women

The prevalence of mental strain and stress has increased in modern societies, resulting in increased public health problems. Stress can be measured either by biomarkers or by self-reports. A new biomarker that measures long-term biological stress is cortisol measured in timed hair extracts. Hair grows at approximately 1 cm per month, and retrospectively reflects average stress levels.

1/12/2020 9:39:05 PM +00:00

Association between stressful life events and resting heart rate

Despite a diverse literature, the association between stress and various cardiovascular conditions remains controversial. Moreover, a direct association between stressful life events (SLEs) and heart rate (HR) have not been fully investigated. This study evaluated the association between SLEs and resting HR in middle-aged Koreans.

1/12/2020 9:38:48 PM +00:00

Implicit priming of conflicting motivational orientations in heavy drinkers

Approach and avoidance motivation for alcohol are relatively independent, and they operate in both automatic (or implicit) and controlled processes. In this study, we adapted methods previously used in the appetite literature and implicitly primed an alcohol-related motivational orientation (approach or avoidance) in order to investigate its influence on the opposing motivational orientation, in a group of non-dependent heavy drinkers.

1/12/2020 9:38:27 PM +00:00

Student-teacher relationship trajectories and mental health problems in young children

This longitudinal study classified groups of children experiencing different trajectories of student-teacher relationship quality over the transition from preschool into school, and determined the strength of the association between different student-teacher relationship trajectories and childhood mental health problems in the second year of primary school.

1/12/2020 9:37:57 PM +00:00

Improving psychosocial health and employment outcomes for individuals receiving methadone treatment: A realist synthesis of what makes interventions work

For over 50 years, methadone has been prescribed to opioid-dependent individuals as a pharmacological approach for alleviating the symptoms of opioid withdrawal. However, individuals prescribed methadone sometimes require additional interventions (e.g., counseling) to further improve their health.

1/12/2020 9:37:24 PM +00:00

Gender differences in the age-cohort distribution of psychological distress in Canadian adults: Findings from a national longitudinal survey

Psychological distress is frequently used as an indicator of the mental health of a population. Overall, the mean level of distress is higher in women than in men and tends to decrease in both genders during adulthood. This pattern is primarily attributable to the differential exposure of women and men to specific risk factors over their lifetimes. However, the age distribution for distress may be confounded by a cohort effect.

1/12/2020 9:37:03 PM +00:00

London Education and Inclusion Project (LEIP): A cluster-randomised controlled trial protocol of an intervention to reduce antisocial behaviour and improve educational/occupational attainment for pupils at risk of school exclusion

Excluded pupils are at a greatly increased risk of failing GCSE examinations, not being in employment, education or training (NEET) at ages 16–24, and having criminal convictions as adolescents or young adults. To date, little or no research has been conducted on programmes designed to improve outcomes for those at risk for fixed period exclusions.

1/12/2020 9:36:37 PM +00:00

Toward a new computer-based and easy-to-use tool for the objective measurement of motivational states in humans: A pilot study

The experimental methods currently used for assessing motivational processes in humans have two major limitations. Some of them rely on global subjective assessments while others evaluate these processes using food-related tasks often coupled with functional neuroimaging techniques that have however limited availability and important associated costs.

1/12/2020 9:36:16 PM +00:00

Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the pure procrastination scale, the irrational procrastination scale, and the susceptibility to temptation scale in a clinical population

Procrastination is a prevalent self-regulatory failure associated with stress and anxiety, decreased well-being, and poorer performance in school as well as work. One-fifth of the adult population and half of the student population describe themselves as chronic and severe procrastinators.

1/12/2020 9:35:54 PM +00:00

Why is this happening to me? – a comparison of illness representations between Iranian and German people with mental illness

Due to an increase in migration and globalization, cross-cultural encounters in health care are also becoming more frequent. As psychotherapy is grounded in a cultural context and must be congruent with the patient’s cultural beliefs of his or her illness in order to be effective, the consideration of cross-cultural differences in illness representations becomes increasingly important.

1/12/2020 9:35:39 PM +00:00

The relationship between physical activity levels and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in individuals with alopecia Areata

Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that is characterised by non-scarring hair loss. Its aesthetic repercussions can lead to profound changes in psychological well-being. Although physical activity (PA) has been associated with better mental health outcomes in diverse populations, the association in individuals with AA has not been established.

1/12/2020 9:35:22 PM +00:00

Sad but true? - How induced emotional states differentially bias self-rated Big Five personality traits

The Big Five are seen as stable personality traits. This study hypothesized that their measurement via self-ratings is differentially biased by participants’ emotions. The relationship between habitual emotions and personality should be mirrored in a patterned influence of emotional states upon personality scores.

1/12/2020 9:35:06 PM +00:00

Existence, triggers, and coping with chronic sorrow: A qualitative study of caretakers of children with sickle cell disease in a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda

Worldwide, sickle cell disease is recognized as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Caregivers and patients with such chronic illnesses experience economic, physical, social and psychological distresses which may lead to chronic sorrow. Chronic sorrow is viewed as a normal reaction to loss, however it can progress to a pathological state such as depression if the coping styles are ineffective.

1/12/2020 9:34:48 PM +00:00

Playing a video game is more than mere procrastination

Procrastination is seen as a severe problem among young people, and many factors have been claimed to be associated with it, playing video games being one of them. One of the reasons why video games might be related to procrastination is their ability to offer instant gratification and feedback, while at the same time offer distractions from less tempting and rewarding tasks.

1/12/2020 9:34:26 PM +00:00

Early maladaptive schemas as predictors of maternal bonding to the unborn child

The quality of an expectant mother’s bonding to the fetus has been shown to be associated with important developmental outcomes. Previous studies suggest that bonding quality is predicted by, for example, social support, psychological well-being, and depression. However, little is known regarding the role of maternal cognition in maternal-fetal bonding.

1/12/2020 9:34:06 PM +00:00

The effectiveness of Rock and Water in improving students’ socio-emotional adjustment and social safety: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

The aims of this study are to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of Rock and Water on socio-emotional adjustment (i.e., psychosocial wellbeing, sexual autonomy, and resilience) and social safety (i.e., perceived social security in the classroom, aggression, and bullying) and to examine (2) moderators and (3) mediators of its effects.

1/12/2020 9:33:46 PM +00:00