Tài liệu miễn phí Kĩ thuật Viễn thông
Download Tài liệu học tập miễn phí Kĩ thuật Viễn thông
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P21
The ideas of Johann (John) von Neumann (1903-1957) had a major influence on the architecture of digital computers. He investigated the use of logic gates based on nonlinear dielectric constants. In 1953 he proposed that stimulated emission in a semiconductor material could be used to provide light
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P22
Until recently, virtually all communication systems have relied on the transmission of information over electrical cables or have made use of radio-frequency and microwave
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P1
A CONTROL ENGINEERING APPROACH TO FUZZY CONTROL This book gives a comprehensive treatment of model-based fuzzy control systems. The central subject of this book is a systematic framework for the stability and design of nonlinear fuzzy control systems. Building on the so-called Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, a number of most important issues in fuzzy control systems are addressed. These include stability analysis, systematic design procedures, incorporation of performance specifications, robustness, optimality, numerical implementations, and last but not the least, applications. ...
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P2
TAKAGI-SUGENO FUZZY MODEL AND PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED COMPENSATION Recent years have witnessed rapidly growing popularity of fuzzy control systems in engineering applications. The numerous successful applications of fuzzy control have sparked a flurry of activities in the analysis and design of fuzzy control systems. In this book, we introduce a wide range of analysis and design tools for fuzzy control systems to assist control researchers and engineers to solve engineering problems.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P3
LMI CONTROL PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS AND DESIGNS The preceding chapter introduced the concept and basic procedure of parallel distributed compensation and LMI-based designs. The goal of this chapter is to present the details of analysis and design via LMIs. This chapter forms a basic and important component of this book. To this end, it will be shown that various kinds of control performance specifications can be represented in terms of LMIs.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P4
FUZZY OBSERVER DESIGN In practical applications, the state of a system is often not readily available. Under such circumstances, the question arises whether it is possible to determine the state from the system response to some input over some period of time. For linear systems, a linear observer w1x provides an affirmative answer if the system is observable. Likewise, a systematic design method of fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers plays an important role for fuzzy control systems.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P5
ROBUST FUZZY CONTROL This chapter deals with the issue of robust fuzzy control w1 3x. In general, there exist an infinite number of stabilizing controllers if the plant is stabilizable. The selection of a particular controller among this group of available controllers is often decided by certain specifications of control performance
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P6
OPTIMAL FUZZY CONTROL In control design, it is often of interest to synthesize a controller to satisfy, in an optimal fashion, certain performance criteria and constraints in addition to stability. The subject of optimal control addresses this aspect of control system design.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P7
ROBUST-OPTIMAL FUZZY CONTROL This chapter discusses the robust-optimal fuzzy control problem w1 3x, which combines robust fuzzy control and optimal fuzzy control. The robust-optimal fuzzy control problem is useful for practical control system designs that call for both robustness and optimality. In the last two chapters the robustness and optimality issues have been addressed separately.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P8
TRAJECTORY CONTROL OF A VEHICLE WITH MULTIPLE TRAILERS This chapter contains an in-depth application study of the fuzzy control methodologies introduced in this book. The system under study is a vehicle with multiple trailers. The control objective is to back the vehicle into a straight-line configuration without forward motion. This is often referred as the problem of backing up control of a truck-trailer.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P9
FUZZY MODELING AND CONTROL OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS Chaotic behavior is a seemingly random behavior of a deterministic system that is characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Chaotic behavior of a physical system can either be desirable or undesirable, depending on the application. It can be beneficial in many circumstances, such as enhanced mixing of chemical reactants. Chaos can, on the other hand, entail large-amplitude motions and oscillations that might lead to system failure....
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P10
FUZZY DESCRIPTOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROL This chapter deals with a fuzzy descriptor system defined by extending the original Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. A number of stability conditions for the fuzzy descriptor system are derived and represented in terms of LMIs. A motivating example for using the fuzzy descriptor system instead of the original Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is presented. An LMI-based design approach is employed to find stabilizing feedback gains and a common Lyapunov function.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P11
NONLINEAR MODEL FOLLOWING CONTROL In Chapter 9, the model following control for chaotic systems based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models with the common B matrix is discussed. In this chapter, we present a more general framework w1, 2x to address the nonlinear model following control problem for the fuzzy descriptor systems introduced in Chapter 10. Specifically, these extended results deal with nonlinear model following control for fuzzy descriptor systems with different B matrices.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P12
NEW STABILITY CONDITIONS AND DYNAMIC FEEDBACK DESIGNS This chapter presents a unified systematic framework of control synthesis w1 5x for dynamic systems described by the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. In comparison with preceding chapters, this chapter provides two significant extensions. First we provide a new sufficient condition for the existence of a quadratically stabilizing state feedback PDC controller which is more general and relaxed than the existing conditions.
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P13
MULTIOBJECTIVE CONTROL VIA DYNAMIC PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED COMPENSATION This chapter treats the multiobjective control synthesis problems w1 5x via the dynamic parallel distributed compensation ŽDPDC.. It is often the case in the practice of control engineering that a number of design objectives have to be achieved concurrently. The associated synthesis problems are formulated as linear matrix inequality ŽLMI. problems, that is, the parameters of the DPDC controllers are obtained from a set of LMI conditions....
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Hệ thống điều khiển mờ - Thiết kế và phân tích P14
T-S FUZZY MODEL AS UNIVERSAL APPROXIMATOR In this chapter, we present two results concerning the fuzzy modeling and control of nonlinear systems w1x. First, we prove that any smooth nonlinear control systems can be approximated by Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models with linear rule consequence. Then, we prove that any smooth nonlinear state feedback controller can be approximated by the parallel distributed compensation ŽPDC. controller. Among various fuzzy modeling themes, the Takagi-Sugeno ŽT-S. model w2x has been one of the most popular modeling frameworks....
8/29/2018 6:09:52 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P7
Conventional optical instruments make use of light that is transmitted between different locations in the form of beams that are collimated, relayed, focused, or scanned by mirrors, lenses, and prisms. Optical beams diffract and broaden, but they can be refocused by the use of lenses and mirrors. Although such beams are easily obstructed or scattered by various objects, this form of free-space transmission of light is the
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P8
An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss materials such as silica glass. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index (Fig. 8.0-l). Light rays incident on the core-cladding boundary at
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P9
An optical resonator, the optical counterpart of an electronic resonant circuit, confines and stores light at certain resonance frequencies. It may be viewed as an optical transmission system incorporating feedback; light circulates or is repeatedly reflected within the system, without escaping. The simplest resonator comprises two parallel
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P10
Principles importance coherence. of Optics, first published of coherence in optics. in 1959 by Max Born Emil Wolf is responsible and Emil Wolf, brought attention to the for many advances in the theory of optical 342 Statistical optics is the study
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P11
Electromagnetic optics (Chap. 5) provides the most complete treatment of light within the confines of classical optics. It encompasses wave optics, which in turn encompasses ray optics (Fig. 11.0-l). Although classical
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P12
Photons interact with matter because matter contains electric charges. The electric field of light exerts forces on the electric charges and dipoles in atoms, molecules, and solids, causing them to vibrate or accelerate. Conversely,
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P13
A coherent optical amplifier is a device that increases the amplitude of an optical field while maintaining its phase. If the optical field at the input to such an amplifier is monochromatic, the output will also be monochromatic, with the same frequency. The output amplitude is
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Nguyên tắc cơ bản của lượng tử ánh sáng P14
In 1958 Schawlow, the optical region. the first successful together with Charles Townes, showed how to extend the principle of the maser to He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize with Nicolaas Bloembergen. Maiman demonstrated operation of the ruby laser in 1960. 494 The laser is an optical oscillator. It comprises a resonant optical amplifier whose output is fed back into its input with matching phase (Fig. 14.0-l). In
8/29/2018 6:09:51 PM +00:00
Điện thoại di động băng thông rộng không dây P6
Two drivers have taken the market by surprise in recent years: wireless is the first and the second is the Internet and Internet technology. At the end of 1998 there were around 260 million wireless mobile users and growth continues at over ten million new subscribers per month. The latest forecast figures by Delson Group indicate that the total number of wireless cellular subscribers world-wide will reach two billion by 2005. Convergence of wireless and Internet will be one of the hottest topics in the coming years....
8/29/2018 6:09:50 PM +00:00
Điện thoại di động băng thông rộng không dây P7
The necessary equipment is identical with the one from the information services, although a security layer for achieving authentication, encryption and privacy has to be added to guarantee safe transactions. In the future mobile phone (3Gwireless and 4Gmobile), the video screen will get bigger and bigger while the keypad will disappear. The following functions will be enhanced: † wireless keypad or keyboard with Bluetooth (or other personal access) technology as an option; † information recognition, for example, voice recognition, pattern recognition; † security detection, for example, fingerprinting sensing; † bandwidth-on-demand with peer-to-peer direct signalling. ...
8/29/2018 6:09:50 PM +00:00
Điện thoại di động băng thông rộng không dây P8
Who Needs 4G? What is 4G? Social Background and Future Trends There has been an evolutionary change in mobile communication systems every decade. The increase in the number of subscribers and transmission data rates leads to a shift to higher frequency bands where wider bandwidth is available. There are two directions for future trends in mobile communications.
8/29/2018 6:09:50 PM +00:00
Điện thoại di động băng thông rộng không dây P9
The SMI algorithm, which is also known as direct matrix inversion (DMI) algorithm, has recently been used for 3G systems and beyond, because the fast convergence property makes it suitable for use with high data rate transmissions [143,150]. However the complexity grows three-orders exponentially with the number of the weights (M 3). Recursive equations for the inverse of the correlation matrix thus had been used for the implementation on digital signal processors.
8/29/2018 6:09:50 PM +00:00
Điện thoại di động băng thông rộng không dây P10
An example of DCC structure. The basic principle of DCC is shown in Figure 5.35(b). When BS2 reduces its pilot-signal transmission power (PP2), the cell boundary moves toward BS2. The area of BS2 decreases, and some MSs that were in the BS2 cell are reallocated to the BS1 cell. At the same time, MSs reconnected to BS1 increase their transmission power (TM) to meet the target power level of BS1 (SL1). This action, however, increases the interference with BS2. BS2 thus raises its target power level (SL2) to improve the local anti-interference characteristics, and BS1 decreases its target power level (SL1)...
8/29/2018 6:09:50 PM +00:00
Điện thoại di động băng thông rộng không dây P11
The number of subscribers for mobile communications has increased much faster than predicted, particularly for terrestrial use. In the year 2000 the number of mobile subscribers was higher than 400 million worldwide and for the year 2010 more than 1700 million mobile subscribers are anticipated. The majority of traffic is changing from speech-oriented communications to multimedia communications. It is also generally expected that due to the dominating role of mobile wireless access, the number of portable handsets will exceed the number of PCs connected to the Internet....
8/29/2018 6:09:50 PM +00:00