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GRAPHIC DESIGN, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING
Graphic design is a creative process that combines art and technology to communicate ideas in print and electronic media. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the visual communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated. Common uses of graphic design include identity (logos and branding), websites, publications (magazines, newspapers, and books), advertisements, and product packaging. For example: a product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized text, and pure design elements such as shapes and color which unify the piece. ...
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Using an Alu Insertion Polymorphism to Study Human Populations
A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic arts industry who assembles together images and typog raphy to create graphics primarily for published, printed, or electronic media such as brochures, advertising, illustrations, user interfaces, and website design. Graphic designers work with drawn, painted, photographed, or computer-generated images (pictures), but they also design the letterforms that make up various typefaces found in movie credits and TV ads; in books, magazines, and menus; and even on computer screens. In essence, designers create, choose, and...
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Thumbnailing for Animation Thumbnails from a sequence of Disney’s Rescuers
When you itemize charges for conceptual services/preliminary art and finished art, your charges for the preliminary art are generally not taxable and your charges for the tangible finished art are generally taxable. The charge for the finished art should reasonably reflect the cost of creating the artwork plus a markup for profit. As noted earlier, be sure to describe charges for preliminary art as “design charges,”“preliminary art,”“concept development,” or another description that clearly indicates the charges are for the development and creation of preliminary designs. Lump-sum bill combining charges for preliminary and inished art There are two...
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A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK ON ACCESSIBLE GRAPHIC DESIGN
As explained in Sales that are generally nontaxable, charges for composed type only or reproduction proofs of composed type only, are not taxable. Charges for the composition of type are considered charges for a service, unless the charges are part of the sale of printed matter. “Composed type” includes type together with lined borders and plain, straight, fancy, or curved lines. Composed type also includes charts, tables, graphs, and similar methods of providing information. Composed type, however, does not include artwork other than “clip art” combined with composed type on the...
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National Survey of Graphic Design Salaries & Billing Practices
A preliminary production aid is property used in the process of creating preliminary art and generally includes such items as scans, layouts, visualizations, artwork, illustrations, proofs, images, etc. Unlike intermediate production aids and special printing aids, preliminary production aids are not presumed sold to the customer prior to use. As such, you should pay tax on your purchase of tangible items developed and used to produce your preliminary designs. As explained in Preliminary art vs. finished art, preliminary art is produced solely for demonstrating an idea, concept, look, or message for the customer’s review and acceptance prior to the customer’s...
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Print Design and Environmental Responsibility
An intermediate production aid is property used in the process of creating finished art or special printing aids, and includes such items as artwork, illustrations, photographic images, scans, and photo engravings. Intermediate pro duction aids do not include items used to produce preliminary designs/art. When you use intermediate production aids in the creation of finished art or special printing aids, it is presumed that the intermediate production aids are resold to your customer prior to any use. This is true whether you separately state the charge for the intermediate production aid or...
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Scientific Poster Design
A special printing aid is reusable property used in the printing process solely for a specific customer. Examples include silk screens, dies for cutting or embossing, lithographic plates, film, color separations, some intermedi ate production aids, and so forth. As with intermediate production aids, the person selling the printed matter is regarded as selling the special printing aids used to produce the printed matter along with the printed matter, prior to any use, unless title to the special printing aids is explicitly retained by the person. Whether you perform the printing in-house or...
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Shark Animation
In some instances, you may use a tangible aid to create an item whose sale is nontaxable. For example, you may use a special printing aid to produce printed matter that you will ship to a customer outside the state. Although the sale of the tangible special printing aid may be included in the selling price of the printed matter, the aid is used in California. Accordingly, you must generally report tax on the sale of the aid to your customer. (You can also choose not to issue a resale certificate for your purchase of the aids and, instead, pay...
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Subdivision for Modeling and Animation
The study of graphic design history, in terms of its influential position in western societies, is crucial to the relevance of contemporary graphic design – to provide a comprehension of why things are the way they are, and how they came to be that way. Cultural progressions, political events, societal developments, and technological advancements shape and drive our way of life. Throughout history, graphic design has played an influential role in giving a visual voice to these narratives. In short, “graphic design history is world history”2 . Students who discover the inter-woven nature of graphic design and world history will undoubtedly...
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STUDYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION AND GRAPHICS WITH TEXT ON FOURTH, FIFTH AND SIXTH GRADERS
Over the past decade there have been numerous printed editions of graphic design history. Indeed, the industry is becoming saturated with new printed editions each year. Preparing content to teach history of graphic design courses at the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, resulted in an extensive list of different texts as resources, including the texts by Meggs, Hollis, and Eskilson. It became clear that one book could not be prescribed as the master textbook for the course, so no textbook was required, but many were recommended. Rather, the resources, readings and talking...
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The Secrets of Compelling Presentation Design
But new technologies are not limited purely to mobile devices. Since the introduction of the Internet to mainstream culture during the 1990’s, seekers of information have searched the World Wide Web for answers to infinitely varied questions. The Internet has evolved as a scholarly source of research, as major libraries, museums, organizations and institutions open their collections and archives to digital formats, spreading an unlimited wealth of data and information not previously accessible to the general public. As more information is placed in the public domain, we are able to increase our knowledge at a pace faster than previous generations,...
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GRAPHIC DESIGN, POLITICAL GRAPHICS, AND CULTURAL STUDIES: A WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY
As the excerpt suggests, TDE.org acts as a resource hub for the world of design, and has over 600-catalogued entries. As of the time of writing, Under Consideration had taken TDE.org offline, due to a technical breakdown in the database. TDE.org has broad appeal, and was derived from the frustrations with a lack of comprehensive design knowledge across the Internet – frustrations not dissimilar to those of this thesis project. As with Wikipedia, TDE.org is a pool of information, but it does not attempt to show connections and commonalities between content. This may hold true across all disciplines, but as...
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SOFTWARE SYSTEM SAFETY HANDBOOK: A Technical & Managerial Team Approach
Other content-driven online resources include the aforementioned smarthistory.org and the Google Art Project. Although these center on the art world, they are not resources centrally intended for user contribution. They still entertain the format of the textbook, with one or several authors prescribing the material and methods of content to study. GDHit attempts to provide faculty and students with the online tools to publish works and content both collaboratively and individually. In the graphic design field, there are very few online content-driven applications. Beyond TDE.org, the Timeline of Graphic Design History, 11 while still currently online, is a woefully inadequate review...
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Stride Space: Humanoid walking animation interpolation using 3D Delaunay databases
The objectives for this project were essentially straightforward: design an interactive web-based application (as opposed to the creation and modification of a website) that facilitates user-initiated graphic design historical content within the structure of a timeline. The central theme for the web application is the timeline – and this is where the Graphic Design History Interactive Timeline (GDHit) differs from Wikipedia, TDE.org, or other user-generated databases. The content is filtered chronologically, and thus the user is always able to view the chosen event within its context. Configuring content chronologically was central to the timeline in order for it to be...
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Animation: SVG and SMIL Animation
The design and functionality of the timeline is the second major concept that sets GDHit apart from Wikipedia, TDE.org, etc. Wikipedia as a research tool and online community has shown itself to be a successful model. However, the website lacks any form of design, aesthetics, and functionality beyond the most rudimentary grid layout, typographic hierarchy, and styled hyperlinks. It shall be termed the “No Aesthetic” aesthetic, for purposes of this paper. This can often be the case with many wiki and/or database-driven websites, as a result of the design becoming secondary to the technology powering the database. With GDHit, the...
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ART DECO IN ESTONIAN AND LATVIAN GRAPHIC DESIGN JOURNALS
The process began by identifying what the interactive timeline needed to accomplish, and also what wasn’t required of the project. Keeping within personally defined guidelines created a structure and became a foundation for a workflow that remained focused on the necessary outcomes. Without clear guidelines, a project of this scope has the potential to spiral out of control. Therefore, guiding principles were established. GDHit must be: suitable for an academic setting; alignment with emerging technologies and new media; and a design scheme that creates an inviting environment for the user, mirroring the technology powering it. ...
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Animation:Master © 2008 Martin D. Hash
Legibility and focus upon the content was a primary design consideration, as it is hoped the timeline will grow through a wealth of contributions. Early research to incorporate imagery into the timeline revealed the hurdle of copyrighted material on the World Wide Web, and the entanglement of Academic Fair Use, images in the public domain, partially copyrighted material, and 100% copyrighted material. Due to copyright constraints, the timeline will initially accept text contributions only, with the intention of incorporating imagery later, through similar models to those used by Wikipedia, and the possible partnerships with collections with museums, galleries and special...
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BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN 2D AND CG
Designing for screen use is the opposite – even when a website or web application is pushed “live” online, it can be changed, tweaked, reconfigured and updated constantly. It is perpetual. However, the design building blocks and principles remain the same as print material, with the addition of dynamic user functionality and the user experience. The success of a website or web application is largely based upon user functionality and the user experience, and in this regard, design should be as invisible as possible. If a website is well designed, the user will have no trouble navigating the site,...
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Animation Tips & Tricks
Defining the various tasks required of GDHit was essential before any visual brainstorming was approached. These tasks, once defined, helped clarify perceptions of layout and functionality. The main function of the timeline is to search content chronologically (span a set number of years), filter content (through the classification of various categories), read content (the most important single function of the timeline) and filter contextually rather than linearly (by filtering content through the Tags). The user should also be able to search content (advance more efficiently through the timeline). With these five core tasks defined, the next phase was to begin...
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GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
The Apple Finder Window reveals content, while leaving a clear visual path, or “breadcrumbs,” back to the original starting point. The ability to clearly see a travelled path through an interface is a vital component for a successful user experience. Designed as a single interface, and not as multiple Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages as with a conventional website, the timeline makes it easy for the user to see the path travelled. This navigation feature differentiates the interactive timeline from a generic website, aligning the timeline with contemporary content-filtering web applications. The initial color scheme of black, white, dark...
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Visual Design Years 7–10: Advice on Programming and Assessment
When choosing which typefaces to use for a web-based project, there are a number of limitations that are not a factor when designing for printed materials. With a print project, the designer may use any typeface he or she desires, as the typeface is sent to the printer with the rest of the document (layout, text, colors and images). However, when designing for the web, the designer is only able to use the typefaces he or she knows are available on all major computer operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows and the Apple Mac OSX. These fonts are referred to...
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GRAPHIC PAPER NEW YORK
The programming language Python links the database to the “front-end” (main interface) of the timeline. Digital layouts and comps begin to set the visual tone and the aesthetics of an interface, but when the end product is intended for web use, there is no substitute for transferring the design into an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and reproducing the design with HTML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and Javascript. Illustrator and Photoshop “comps” were recreated in Aptana Studio, the IDE application used to design and build the GDHit interface. Aptana Studio is an alternative IDE to the industry-standard Adobe Dreamweaver, and was...
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DESIGNING GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY: TEACHING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM
Designing Graphic Design History: Teaching for the 21st Century Classroom undertakes the development of a web-based Graphic Design History interactive timeline (GDHit), intended as a user-generated online database for potentially all graphic design enthusiasts, but specifically faculty and students within the traditional graphic design history course. GDHit seeks to continue the implementation of new media and emerging digital technologies in a traditional, lecture- oriented environment by inviting the user (or audience) to contribute the content for the timeline, while fostering new forms of course engagement for students in this digital age. In keeping with the tenets of the digital age...
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Graphic Design Basics Tutorial
At the bottom of the screen is the Property inspector. If the Property inspector isn’t visible, choose Window Properties. The Property inspector displays properties for a selected object or tool. You can change these properties. If no objects or tools are selected, the Property inspector displays document properties. The Property inspector displays either two or four rows of properties. If the Property inspector is at half height, that is, displaying only two rows, you can click the expander arrow in the lower right corner to see all properties. With Fireworks, you can create and edit two kinds of graphics: vector...
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Information desigh 4 graphic design
This tutorial will guide you through the basic tasks of designing graphics with Macromedia Fireworks MX 2004. You’ll get hands-on experience using the industry’s leading web graphics application and learn basic graphic design concepts along the way. If you are already familiar with designing graphics in Fireworks, you may want to proceed to the “Web Design Basics Tutorial,” where you’ll learn about designing web pages with Fireworks. Although this tutorial is designed for beginning Fireworks users, it covers many advanced features in Fireworks, so experienced Fireworks users can benefit from it, too. You don’t need to be a graphic designer...
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Graphic Design By John Stasko
The title bar displays the new filename with a PNG extension. PNG is the native file format for Fireworks. The PNG file is your source file; it is where you’ll do all of your work in Fireworks. At the end of this tutorial, you’ll learn how to export your document to another format for use on the web. As you complete the tutorial, remember to save your work frequently by choosing File Save. Note: While completing the tutorial, you may find it useful to undo a change you’ve made. Fireworks can undo several of your recent changes, depending on the number...
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Animation in the Interface
For the first time, this edition of Design Business and Ethics has been consolidated into a single publication, rather than printed as separate brochures in a binder. This new format responds to members’ recom- mendations to minimize the resources used in the publication, both in consideration of the environment and the current economic challenges. Every new member receives Design Business and Ethics because AIGA holds that adherence to a common set of principles is critical to estab- lishing design as a true profession, with an ethos based on respect for clients, other designers, audiences, society and the environment. In addition, this document...
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MAP DESIGN: GRAPHIC DESIGN BASICS
Each chapter is also available individually, at no cost and for unrestricted use, at www.aiga.org/design-business-and-ethics, so that designers can adapt and republish these standards as part of their own proposals and conditions for clients. AIGA’s position is consistent with practices upheld by designers around the globe. In fact, while the legacy of design’s practice comes from the guilds of our international peers, today other countries look to AIGA to set the benchmark, since AIGA is the largest professional association of communication designers in the world and represents a dynamic community of (often pioneering) designers. AIGA Design Business and...
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The Reading - Writing Poster Packby
Unlike so much in today’s busi- ness world, graphic design is not a commodity. It is the highly indi- vidualized result of people coming together to do something they couldn’t do alone. When the col- laboration is creative, the results usually are, too. This chapter is about how to get creative results. Developed by AIGA, the discus- sion that follows will give you realistic, useful information about the design process–from selecting a design firm to providing a clear understanding of objectives, eval- uating cost and guiding a project to a desired end. It is a kind of “best practices” guide based upon the...
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Traditional Animation Keyframe Animation - Interpolating Rotation Forward/Inverse Kinematics
It’s paradoxical that the typical client will negotiate for a very tight schedule yet, in the middle of the project, that same client may cause serious delays by failing to provide necessary information, materials or approvals. Most design fi rms specify that if a client causes a lengthy delay it will result in a day-for-day extension of the project’s fi nal deadline. During that client delay, you may also have to reassign some of your resources to other projects, if you have any. You might have cleared the decks for the fast-track project by delaying or turning down...
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