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Sybex 2000 - CCNA Dictionary
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Preface
Ants, single-celled creatures such as the cellular slime mold, plants and animals in ecosystems, and (even) human beings can congregate and display miraculously complex behaviors.* Say a colony of ants in a tree needs to move to another tree, perhaps in search of food. Some ants build a bridge by joining their bodies in a chain stretching from one limb in one tree to another limb in another tree. Other ants cross over this ant structure, walking over their peers. Once all the ants have crossed over, the ants in the bridge begin to gracefully undo the structure, crossing one by one. Each ant only repeats simple...
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The Unix Family of Operating
Some computers have a single-user OS, which means that only one person can use the computer at a time. Many older OSes (such as MS-DOS) can also do only one job at a time. But almost any computer can do a lot mor e if it has a multiuser, multitasking operating system such as Unix. These powerful OSes let many people use the computer at the same time and let each user run several jobs at once.
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RHCE Prerequisites
The Red Hat Certified Engineer exam is an advanced challenge. As the RHCE course has a number of prerequisites, this book assumes that you know some basics about Linux. This chapter covers each of these prerequisite topics in a minimum of detail, with references to other books and sources for more information. Unlike in other chapters and other books in this series, the Questions include a number of “zingers” that go beyond this chapter’s content. That is the only way to see if you have the prerequisite skills necessary for remaining chapters....
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Getting Started - Chapter 1
Befor e you can use Unix, a system staff person has to set up a Unix account for you. The account is identified by your user name, which is usually a single word or an abbreviation. Think of this account as your of fice—it’s your place in the Unix environment. Other users may also be at work on the same system. At many sites, there will be a whole network of Unix computers. So in addition to knowing your username, you may also need to know the hostname (name) of the computer that has your account. Alternatively, your account may be shared between all computers on the local...
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Planning the Installation
One of the strong points of Red Hat Linux is its easy installation. There are several different methods of installation, and each is automated to a considerable degree. In many cases, it’s now possible to just pop the first Red Hat installation CD in the drive and install Linux from there.
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Using Window Systems
All versions of Unix work with alphanumeric terminals that handle a single session in a single screen, such as those described in Chapter 1. On most modern Unix versions, you can also use a window system. A window system is software that lets a single screen handle many sessions at once.* Window systems use a mouse or another device (such as a trackball) to move a pointer acr oss the screen. The pointer can be used to select and move parts of the screen, copy and paste text, work with menus of commands, and more. If you’ve used a Macintosh or Microsoft Windows, among others, you’ve used a...
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Installation
Installation is one of the three parts of the RHCE exam. To pass this part of the exam, you’ll need to know a lot more than just the basic GUI installation process for a single computer! Once you’ve studied the installation chapters (2, 3, and 5), you’ll be able to install Red Hat Linux in a number of ways: directly from the CD, using boot disks, managing special situations on laptop computers, accessing from networks, and using automated Kickstart-based tools.
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Using Your Unix Account
A file is the unit of storage in Unix, as in most other systems. A file can hold anything: text (a report you’re writing, a to-do list), a program, digitally encoded pictures or sound, and so on. All of those are just sequences of raw data until they’re interpr eted by the right program.
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Basic Configuration and Administration
After installation is complete on your Red Hat Linux system, you still have some work to do to customize the system to meet your needs. User accounts need to be set up, filesystems must be configured, and additional packages may need to be added or removed.
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File Management
Filenames may contain any character except /, which is reserved as the separator between files and directories in a pathname. Filenames are usually made of upper- and lowercase letters, numbers, “.” (dots), and “_” (underscor es). Other characters (including spaces) are legal in a filename, but they can be hard to use because the shell gives them special meanings. So we recommend using only letters, numbers, dots, and underscore characters. You can also use “–” (dashes), as long as they aren’t the first character of a filename, which can make a program think the filename is an option....
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Advanced Installation
In this chapter, you will learn how to manage Linux in advanced installation and configuration scenarios. The installation topics cover creating automated installation scripts and managing kernel modules. You will learn how to implement a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), as well as an array of disks for the Logical Volume Manager (LVM), and master the intricate details of the automated Kickstart installation process. Finally, you’ll get a basic sense of how you can modularize the kernel to your advantage....
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Redirecting I/O
This chapter generally doesn’t apply to full-screen programs, such as the Pico editor, that take control of your whole terminal window. (The pager pr ograms, less, more, and pg, do work together in this way.) It also doesn’t apply to graphical programs, such as StarOffice or Netscape, that open their own windows on your screen.
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Advanced User Administration
In this chapter, you will learn how to create and implement policies for managing disk usage—by user or by group. Next, you will learn how to upgrade, configure, compile, and install your own custom kernels. You will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of monolithic and modular kernels. You have three different ways to customize and optimize your kernel configuration for size and functionality. You will also learn the recommended techniques for configuring and installing the kernel.
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Using the Inter net and Other Networks
This chapter introduces Unix networking: running programs on other computers, copying files between computers, browsing the World Wide Web, sending and receiving email messages, reading and posting messages to Usenet “Net news” discussions, and “chatting” interactively with other users on your local computer or worldwide.
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X Window System
One of the most important aspects of getting a Red Hat Linux system up and running is configuring the user interface. For most nonadministrative users, this means configuring the X Window interface. The X Window System is the Linux graphical user interface (GUI). While the GUI plays an integral part of other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, the X Window System on Linux is essentially just another application. Many administrators don’t even bother with the GUI; the command line interface is enough for most administrative purposes....
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Multitasking
With a window system, you can have many applications running at the same time, with many windows open. But most Unix systems also let you run more than one program inside the same terminal. This is called job contr ol. It gives some of the benefits of window systems to users who don’t have windows. But, even if you’re using a window system, you may want to use job control to do several things inside the same terminal window. For instance, you may prefer to do most of your work from one terminal window, instead of covering your desktop with multiple windows....
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Network Client Services
Unix was developed by AT&T in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and was freely distributed among a number of major universities during this time. Concurrently, these universities were developing the network that evolved into the Internet.
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Where to Go from Here
Now that you’re almost to the end of this guide, let’s look at some ways to continue learning about Unix. Documentation is an obvious choice, but it isn’t always in obvious places. You can save time by taking advantage of other shell features — aliases, functions, and scripts—that let you shorten a repetitive job and “let the computer do the dirty work.”
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Network Management
More complex networking services in Red Hat Linux require more advanced administration methods. While graphical tools such as Network Configuration (via the redhat-config-network command) are available to assist in configuring all aspects of Linux networking, the best way to learn networking is by practicing with the key command line utilities and associated configuration files.
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Systems Administration and Security
As a Red Hat Linux systems manager, you probably wear several hats, one of which is security manager. This is especially true if you work for a small company. Even if you work for a large organization that has a dedicated network or systems security staff, most of the administrators are probably responsible for other operating systems; you’re probably responsible for security policies on your Linux systems.
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Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection Systems - Version 6.0
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Cisco Secure PIX Firewall Advanced Exam 9E0-111 - Version 6.0
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Cisco Secure VPN (CSVPN®) 9E0-121 - Version 6.0
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Cisco SAFE Implementation Exam - Version 6.0
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Cisco: Enterprise Voice Over Data Design - Version 6.0
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Cisco: CCIE® Pre-Qualification Test for Security 350-018 - Version 6.0
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Cisco: CCNA® 3.0 (Cisco® Certified Network Associate 3.0) Exam 640-607 - Version 6.0
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Cisco: Designing for Cisco® Internetwork Solutions (DESGN®) 640-861 - Version 6.0
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CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Fast Pass, Third Edition
Welcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! You have picked up this book because you want something better; namely, a better job with more satisfaction. Rest assured that you have made a good decision. Cisco certification can help you get your first networking job, or more money and a promotion if you are already in the field. Cisco certification can also improve your understanding of the internetworking of more than just Cisco products: You will develop a complete understanding of networking and how different network topologies work together to form a network. This is beneficial to every networking job and is the reason Cisco certification is...
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