Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals

Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals A Practical Guide 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals A Practical Guide Elsa Nielsen • Grete Østergaard • John Christian Larsen New York London 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Cover: Theophrastus Phillippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim, known as “Paracelsus” 1493–1541 (“the equal of Celsus”, an early Roman physician). Paracelsus is often called “the father of toxicology.” His famous quotation forms the central dogma of regulatory toxicology: “All substances are poisons; there is none that is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy.”—Paracelsus Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 © 2008 by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ostergaard, Grete. Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals : a practical guide / Elsa Nielsen, Grete Ostergaard, and John Christian Larsen. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-7265-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8493-7265-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Toxicology. 2. Toxicity testing. 3. Health risk assessment. 4. Environmental risk assessment. I. Nielsen, Elsa. II. Larsen, John Christian. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Hazardous Substances--toxicity. 2. Environmental Exposure--prevention & control. 3. Risk Assessment--methods. 4. Risk Assessment--standards. WA 670 O845p 2008] RA1190.O88 2008 615.9--dc22 2007034227 Visit the Informa Web site at www.informa.com and the Informa Healthcare Web site at www.informahealthcare.com 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Contents Preface Acknowledgment Authors Abbreviations and Acronyms Chapter 1 Reference Chapter 2 Introduction International and Federal Bodies Involved in Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances 2.1 World Health Organization 2.1.1 International Programme on Chemical Safety 2.1.2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2.1.3 Joint FAO=WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2.1.4 Joint FAO=WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues 2.1.5 Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals 2.1.6 International Agency for Research on Cancer 2.1.7 IPCS: Chemicals Assessment 2.1.7.1 Environmental Health Criteria 2.1.7.2 Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 2.1.7.3 Health and Safety Guide 2.1.7.4 International Chemical Safety Card 2.1.7.5 Pesticide Safety Data Sheet 2.1.7.6 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard 2.2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2.2.1 The OECD Chemicals Program 2.2.2 Mutual Acceptance of Data 2.2.3 The OECD Existing Chemicals Program 2.2.4 The OECD New Chemicals Program 2.2.5 The OECD Pesticides and Biocides Program 2.2.6 OECD Test Guidelines 2.3 United States of America 2.3.1 United States Environmental Protection Agency 2.3.1.1 Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 2.3.1.2 Toxic Substances Control Act 2.3.1.3 Existing Chemicals 2.3.1.4 High Production Volume Challenge Program 2.3.1.5 New Chemicals 2.3.1.6 Integrated Risk Information System 2.3.1.7 Harmonization of US-EPA Risk Assessment 2.3.1.8 US-EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines 2.3.1.9 US-EPA Test Guidelines 2.3.2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ... - tailieumienphi.vn