Sublethal neonicotinoid exposure attenuates the effects of electromagnetic fields on honey bee flight and learning
Sublethal neonicotinoid exposure attenuates the effects of electromagnetic fields on honey bee flight and learning
The results indicate no evidence of synergy between clothianidin and ELF EMFs as environmental stressors but suggest the potential for EMFs to affect the same susceptible fraction of the bee population that have been affected by clothianidin. Results lay the foundation to further explore the interactions of ELF EMFs with other environmental stressors and consider the key factors that may make bees susceptible to ELF EMFs.