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- Lecture Industrial safety and environemental hygiene: Chapter 2 - Dr. Tran Bich Chau
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- 9/26/2016
Vietnam National University – HCMC
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Faculty of Resource & Environment
Chapter 2:
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Lecturer: Dr. TRAN BICH CHAU
Email: tbchau@hcmus.edu.vn
02/2016
OUTLINE: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
1. What is Occupational/Industrial Hygiene?
2. Four steps to create healthy working place (A.R.E.C):
– Anticipation
– Recognition
– Evaluation
– Control
3. Factors affecting to industrial hygiene:
– Chemical hazards
– Physical agents
– Biological hazards
– Ergonomic hazards
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Industrial/Occupational Hygiene?
Interactions between people
and the environment
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What is the diferrence between industrial hygiene and
occupational hygiene ???
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
= 0r ≠
OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE
What is Industrial Hygiene?
Industrial hygiene is the science of anticipating,
recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace
conditions that may cause workers' injury or illness.
Berenice I. Ferrari Goelzer
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What is Industrial Hygiene?
Industrial hygiene : the science of protecting
and enhancing the health and safety of
pepeole at work and in their communities.
The American Board of Inductrial Hygiene
Key factors:
- Employee exposure to hazards
- Control for hazards to protect workers
Basic principles of Industrial Hygiene
1. Anticipation of potential risks
2. Recognition of existing health hazards at the
workplace
3. Evaluation of health risks
4. Contol of unacceptable risks
Remember the acronym: A.R.E.C
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Steps to Review products,
purchases, projects,
Protect tasks, designs,
Employees experiments, etc.
Engineering controls, Task planning and
administrative hazard analysis of
controls, substitution, injury/illness, trend
personal protective analysis, reported
equipment concerns
Inspections, exposure
assessment, modeling,
visual assessments,
professional judgment
Factors affected to industrial hygiene
• Micro-climate
• Chemicals
• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation
• Light
• Dust
• Harmful microorganism
• Ergonomic
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Factors affected to industrial hygiene
• Chemical hazards
• Physical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Ergonomic hazards
Environmental Factors or Stresses
• gases, vapors,
Chemical dusts, fumes,
hazards mists, and
smoke
Physical hazards:
radiation, noise,
vibration, extreme
temperatures and
pressures
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Environmental Factors or Stresses
Hazards
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Chemical hazards
• Dusts, fumes, gases, mists
• Skin contact with oils, paints etc.
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Physical agents
• Noise,
• Vibration
• Heat
• UV
Biological hazards
• Legionella
• Zoonoses
• Anthrax
Ex: Wastes from hospitals and
research facilities containing
disease-causing organism s that
could infect site personnel
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Ergonomic hazards
An ergonomic hazard is a physical factor within the
environment that harms the musculoskeletal system
• Manual handling
• Repetitive work
• Display screen
equipment
Factors affected to industrial hygiene
• Micro-climate
• Chemicals
• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation
• Light
• Dust
• Harmful microorganism
• Ergonomic
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What is microclimate?
Meteorology:
A microclimate is the distinctive climate of a small-
scale area, such as a garden, park, valley or part of a
city. The weather variables in a microclimate, such
as temperature, rainfall, wind or humidity, may be
subtly different to the condition prevailing over the
area as a whole and from those that might be
reasonably expected under certain types of pressure
or cloud cover
What is microclimate?
Occupational Hygiene:
Microclimate is the physical state of the atmosphere
in the narrow space of the workplace including the
factors temperature, humidity, radiant heat and speed
of air transport. These factors must be guaranteed in
certain limit, consistent with human physiology
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Classify of microclimate
Microclimate of working environment can be classified
into the following areas:
Cold area;
Thermally neutral microclimat, comfortalble,
endurable areas;
Warm or hot areas
Parameters of microclimate
Four basic parametere of thermal effect:
Air temperature;
Relative humidity;
Air flow velocity ;
Thermal radiation
Distinguising levels of climate sensation:
Comfortable levels
Endurable level
Unbearable level
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Temperature:
Temperature is the basic factor that acts on the
metabolism and human health. Temperature
may act directly or indirectly on human body
Temperature always transmits from hotter to
colder place by conduction, convection and
radiation.
Humidity:
- Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the
air.
- Higher humidity reduces the effectiveness of
sweating in cooling the body by reducing the
rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin.
Vietnam Hygiene standard (TCVS
3733:2002): relative humidiy from 75 – 85 %
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Air flow :
- Flow of air into and out of a working area, ex:
an office space,
- It helps to dilute any contaminants by adding
some fresh air
- This can be provided by natural ventilation or
forced ventilation
Thermal radiation:
Thermal radiation is energy transfer by the emission of
electromagnetic waves which carry energy away from the
emitting object.
Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light
and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb.
Infrared radiation -
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Relationship of temperature, humidity and
work performance:
The effects of microclimate factors to workers
List the effects of temperature and humidity to workers?
Factors Effects
T0 high
T0 low
Humidity low
Humidity high
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Improvements of microclimate conditions
1. Technical measures
- Mechanization
- Manufacturing automation
- Ventilation
- Air condition
- Thermal insulation
Improvements of microclimate conditions
2. Administration and Medical Measures
- Set up reasonable schedules
- Provide enough PPEs
- Recruit/arrange suitable labors for each sector
- Supply enough nutritional food
- Perform periodic medical examinations
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ERGONOMICS
WHAT IS ERGONOMICS”??
Ergos = work
Nomos = laws
Ergonomics = the laws of work
ERGONOMICS
What Does Ergonomics Mean?
Designing jobs, equipments, and work tasks to fit
human physical characteristics and energy
limitations
It considers body dimensions, mobility, and the
body’s stress behaviors
“Make the work fit the person, not the person fit
the work”
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Benefits of Ergonomics
– safer jobs with fewer injuries
– increased efficiency and productivity
– improved quality and fewer errors
– improved morales
Ergonomic Goals
Reduce muscle and joint injuries -- and get the job
done safely and quickly
Keeping young/mature bodies from being worn out
prematurely/early
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1. What’s he doing wrong ?
2. What are the wrong
ergonomics that people
usually have??
Wrong working postures
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Wrong working postures
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GUIDELINE ABOUT WEIGHTS
Factors affected to industrial hygiene
• Chemical hazards
• Physical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Ergonomic hazards
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