GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems - Chapter 17 (end)

CHAPTER 17 Applications Sampler The use of GIS applications is growing throughout the world. This chapter shows how people around the world are applying GIS in their water, wastewater, and stormwater projects. This chapter presents the latest examples of GIS applications in the water industry. Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis LEARNING OBJECTIVE The learning objective of this chapter is to document GIS application projects around the world for water, wastewater, and stormwater systems. MAJOR TOPICS · Water system modeling · Sewer system modeling · Collection system rehabilitation and asset management · Resource planning and capital improvement project (CIP) allocation · Water quality management · Water master planning LIST OF CHAPTER ACRONYMS BMP Best Management Practices CCTV Closed-Circuit Television CIP Capital Improvement Project CIS Customer Information System CSO Combined Sewer Overflow DEM Digital Elevation Model SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SSO Sanitary Sewer Overflow SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool TAZ Traffic Analysis Zone This chapter presents a collection of recent case studies on GIS applications for water, wastewater, and stormwater systems. These case studies were written specially for publication in this book by 18 GIS and water professionals from 6 countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Spain, and the U.S.). For the names and organizational affiliations of the case studies’ authors, please see the Acknowl-edgments section. The case studies were submitted in response to the author’s “Call for Case Studies” distributed to various Internet discussion forums. DRAINAGE AREA PLANNING IN SOFIA Application Author(s) Project status Hardware GIS software Other software GIS data Study area Project duration Project budget Organization Sewer system modeling Milan Suchanek, Tomas Metelka Completed in March 2003 1000 MHz Pentium III personal computers Arc View 3.3 MOUSE 2002; MOUSE GM; MOUSE Gandalf; MOUSE LTS; AquaBase Subcatchment polygons, conduit lines, node points, CSO points, land use, population, property boundaries, buildings City of Sofia, the capitol capital of Bulgaria, watershed area of about 400 km2 November 2001 to March 2003 $460,000 Sofiyska Voda A.D. Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis The city of Sofia’s sewerage system is a very complex combined drainage system dating back to early 1900. The drainage area is made up of about 400 km2 of watershed area, draining wastewater from 1.2 million people. At the same time, the hydrological conditions of the city, which is located on the foothills of the Vitosha mountains, promote heavy rainfall, mainly during late spring. By the end of March 2003, the first simulation model for the sewer drainage system was developed in Bulgaria. The skeletal planning model was built for the city of Sofia, having about 5000 manholes, 5000 pipes, 3000 catchments, and 140 CSO or diversion chambers. The study area was subdivided into seven main sub-catchments and their main trunk sewers. The respective submodels were built up and calibrated based on 6 weeks of flow survey at some 75 flow and 25 raingauge sites. Finally all seven submodels were merged into one combined model covering the whole drainage area. The local GIS system, supported by comprehensive manhole and ancillary sur-veys, supplied the model with the system structural data. The overall data migration process was an important task in the project execution. The Sofia drainage area planning project brings a new experience to the general view of project management. The management project was based on British standards, and the WaPuG Code of Practice handbook was followed. At the same time, Danish technology was applied, along with Czech and Bulgarian know-how. Figure 17.1 shows a screenshot of the Sofia model in MOUSE (Suchanek and Metelka, 2004). PIPE RATING PROGRAM IN BUNCOMBE COUNTY Application Authors Project status Hardware GIS software Other software GIS data Study area Project duration Project budget Organization Web site Collection system rehabilitation and asset management Ed Bradford, Roger Watson, Eric Mann, Jenny Konwinski Implemented in 2004 and is being used to generate rehabilitation projects Standard desktop PCs (connected to network) ArcGIS 8.x Microsoft Access XP, Windows Media Player, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, etc., as necessary to generate reports Sewer line polylines, sewer structure points, 6-in., 1-ft, and 2-ft resolution DOQs, county parcel polygons, drainage basin polygons, digital video hyperlinks, CCTV inspection and defect-coded Microsoft Access tables, river and stream polylines, and road centerline polylines Entire MSD service area (180 mi2, 920 mi of sewer) Began in 2001. No end date scheduled No defined budget per se for the program itself. Construction projects have generated $700,000 in actual cost so far, which could increase in future Metropolitan Sewerage District (MSD) of Buncombe County, North Carolina www.msdbc.org MSD’s Pipe Rating Program is a new method of generating and prioritizing sewer rehabilitation projects. The typical approach of reactive planning is to define, develop, and complete a rehabilitation project after problems such as sanitary sewer overflows (SSO) or structural failures occur (Bradford et al., 2004a). Pipe Rating is a proactive tool that utilizes CCTV information, a GIS database, and real-world maintenance history to view, score, and rate pipe segments based on a number of Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Figure 17.1 Screenshot of Sofia’s MOUSE sewer system model. Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis factors. These factors, for any given manhole-to-manhole segment, include the number and severity of structural defects and the history of overflows on that segment. These are all combined to yield a rating, which may then flag a particular line segment for further investigation. The data are gathered from a number of sources and incorporated into this program, which runs on the standard ArcGIS platform. CCTV video is captured by cameras traversing the pipes, and recorded on VCR tapes or in digital format (CD or DVD). First, each video is linked to its respective pipe segment within the District’s GIS system so that it is immediately available to engineers and field responders. Second, a database is also created from the field data to record various features about the pipe, such as defect and structural information. This is accom-plished by assigning to each defect a value pursuant to the standardized defect-rating manual developed by the District for this purpose. CCTV data are collected and embedded in a standard Microsoft Access database. When the technician identifies a defect along the segment, it is keyed in with the corresponding defect code. Each defect, and its corresponding severity score, is assigned to its pipe segment and used for future analysis performed in the GIS. Table 17.1 shows the defect structural scores used by MSD. These scores are based on MSD’s standard-ized Sewer Condition Classification Manual. Scores are weighted according to MSD priorities. Finally, all the information is used to calculate three pipe scores for each pipe: mean pipeline, mean defect, and peak defect scores. These scores allow users to visualize the severity in three categories for prioritization within the rehabilitation program. Once this has been accomplished, engineers can retrieve the videos from the GIS for confirmation and to evaluate them for rehabilitation procedures. Figure 15.1 shows an ArcGIS screenshot of mean pipeline ratings. Figure 17.2 and Figure 17.3 Table 17.1 Sewer Pipe Structural Defect Scores Code Description Score CC Circumferential crack 20 CL Longitudinal crack 20 CM Multiple cracks 30 COH Corrosion heavy 50 COL Corrosion light 20 COM Corrosion medium 30 D Deformed sewer 65 FC Circumferential fracture 40 FL Longitudinal fracture 40 FM Multiple fractures 60 HL Hole large 50 HP Hole patched 5 HS Hole small 25 JDL Joint displaced large 30 JDM Joint displaced medium 5 OJL Open joint large 30 OJM Open joint medium 10 X Collapsed pipe 100 Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis ... - tailieumienphi.vn