Geographic Information Management in Local Government - Chapter 8

PART 3 The Case Studies ©2004 by CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 8 Introduction to the Case Studies KEY QUESTIONS AND ISSUES • What is the purpose of the case studies in this book? • How have the case study authorities been selected? • What styles and applications of GIM are covered by the case studies? • How has the information for each case study been organized and presented? • How can I read and use the case studies depending on my background and interests? 8.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CASE STUDIES IN THIS BOOK? The previous chapters have looked at the background of GIM, the principles that underpin its application, and the key areas of use within local government. Part 3 of this book contains nine detailed case studies of how individual local authorities have put GIM into practice. The main purpose of the case studies is to: • Provide specific examples of how GIM has actually been applied in a local authority setting, an environment where ideals frequently have to be tempered by the reality of political priorities, style, and culture, and restrictions on resources • Look at GIM in use (“warts and all”) from a viewpoint that will be directly familiar to the many readers likely to be working in local government • Ensure that the theory of GIM is firmly rooted in practice • Provide grounds for optimism by highlighting that it is possible to achieve consid-erable success with GIM by a wide variety of routes, despite the path not being easy • Explore the many human and organizational factors that are key contributors to success and are generally more important to understand than the technical issues • Enable the lessons from past experiences to be learned to the advantages of other local authorities who will invest their time, money, and other resources in GIM in the future ©2004 by CRC Press LLC 8.2 HOW HAVE THE CASE STUDY AUTHORITIES BEEN SELECTED? The case studies have been selected in order to present a mixed bag of examples of GIM in practice that: • Cover each of the types (except English shire counties and Scottish unitary coun-cils) of local authority • English Unitary Council (Bristol City and Southampton City) • Metropolitan Borough (Leeds City and Newcastle City) • English District Council (Aylesbury Vale and Shepway) • London Borough (Enfield and Harrow) • Welsh Unitary Council (Powys) • Cover the range of styles and applications or are important in terms of the history of GIM implementation in local government • Are distinctive in each case in terms of their approach to GIM • Offer important lessons to other local authorities 8.3 WHAT STYLES AND APPLICATIONS OF GIM ARE COVERED BY THE CASE STUDIES? A wide variety of styles and applications of GIM are covered by the case studies. As Table 8.1 shows, the case studies include examples of: • Each type (except for English shire counties and Scottish unitary councils) of local authority (as identified in Section 8.2) • The full size range of local authorities from typical districts (e.g., Shepway at 100,000; Aylesbury Vale at 165,000) up to large cities (e.g., Leeds at 715,000; Bristol at 400,000) • Different states of operation of GIS, from those with a strict single supplier policy (such as Newcastle City, Aylesbury Vale, and Powys) to those with a more relaxed approach that allows several GIS products to coexist side-by-side (such as Bristol City, Leeds City, Shepway, Enfield, and Harrow) • The main market leaders in terms of GIS suppliers • Different styles of GIS implementation, from those with a strong corporate approach (such as Bristol City, Newcastle City, Aylesbury Vale, Shepway, and Powys) to those whose approach has been departmental (such as Southampton City and Harrow) • A range of claims to distinction from pioneers (such as Bristol City with the National Land and Property Gazetteer, Leeds City with LAMIS, Shepway with Web-based GIS) to grassroots authorities (such as Southampton City and Harrow) and those that have used “killer” applications to get things moving (such as Southampton City with education, Newcastle City with Envirocall, and Harrow with drug misuse and crime and disorder) • A wide variety of focus services and policy areas for GIS application ©2004 by CRC Press LLC Table 8.1 Chapter Number Overview of the Case Studies Local Current State Focus Services and (Page Number) 9 (115) 10 (129) 11 (139) Local Authority Bristol City Council Southampton City Council Leeds City Council Authority Type English Unitary Council English Unitary Council Metropolitan Borough Population 400,600 216,000 715,400 of Operation of GIS Multi-supplier/ authority-wide GIS Multi-supplier/ authority-wide GIS Multi-supplier/ authority-wide GIS Main GIS Supplier(s) ESRI MapInfo FastMap MapInfo Intergraph ESRI MapInfo GGP Style of GIS Implementation Corporate Departmental Semi-corporate What Makes This Case Study Distinctive? Pilot authority for the National Land and Property Gazetteer that put BS7666 into practice for the National Land Information Service (NLIS) Grassroots approach to GIS, which has been very successfully in the absence of a strong corporate framework Pioneering authority for ICL’s LAMIS system in the 1970s before disillusionment with large corporate projects set in. Reconceived its approach to GIS from the 1990s Policy Areas for GIS Application Land and Property Gazetteer Local land charges Council-owned property Very wide range of services, with education as the initial “killer” application for use as a showcase to others Land terrier Local land charges Planning Highways 12 Newcastle City (149) Council Metropolitan Borough 270,000 Single- supplier/ ESRI Corporate authority-wide GIS Strong corporate approach together with development of Envirocall (customer relations management) as the “killer” application for use as a demonstrator Customer relations management Local land charges Planning Grounds Highways Crime and disorder Council-owned property ©2004 by CRC Press LLC Table 8.1 Chapter Number Overview of the Case Studies (Continued) Local Current State Focus Services and (Page Number) 13 (159) 14 (167) 15 (175) 16 (183) 17 (191) Local Authority Aylesbury Vale District Council Shepway District Council London Borough of Enfield London Borough of Harrow Powys County Council Authority Type English District Council English District Council London Borough London Borough Welsh Unitary Council Population 165,000 100,000 265,000 220,000 ... - tailieumienphi.vn