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Reconciling Hollywood by Qthelights
Chronicling the male‟s experiences, dreams, stories, revenge, angst, ambitions etc has been the essence of Hindi films. In the action genre of films popularized by the likes of Akshay Kumar, Sunny Deol and Sunil Shetty; the heroine is abruptly placed in the romantic track as a distraction for the viewer from monotonous bouts of violence. It is unusual to witness a strong female character in an action movie even if she indulges in some fights and punches. Where are the Charlie‟s Angels of Bollywood (2000) and where can we find a character that Angelina Jolie played in SALT (2010)?...
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Who’s for ‘world cinema’?
Another trend to be examined in the depiction of female characters is the clear dichotomy which is followed. The woman is docile, domestic, honourable, noble, and ideal or she is the other extreme – wayward, reckless and irresponsible. Why does Bollywood shy away from taking the middle path? Where are women who are good or bad as per the situation they face in their lives? Where are the women who negotiate with troubles on a daily basis and emerge victorious? In David Dhawan‟s Biwi no.1 (1999), the wife played by Karishma Kapoor is shown to have sacrificed...
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Moving Pictures: The History of Early Cinema
When the husband strays, it is the other woman (Sushmita Sen) who is blamed for the same and is demonized all through the film. The husband is absolved of adultery and he returns to his legitimate partner i.e. the wife at the end of the story. The significance of the title i.e. Biwi no.1 is because the wife is successful in bringing the husband back to the domestic arena – seen as the victory of the „traditional‟ (wife) over the „modern‟ (mistress/vamp). Such a portrayal has strong moral connotations associated with it. ...
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TOWARDS AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL CINEMA
The „man‟ as the saviour and the „woman‟ as the victim are also prominently seen in Hindi cinema discourse. The heroine is a damsel in distress who has to be rescued by the hero if she is in trouble. Scene after scene of heroes rescuing their ladies from the clutches of villains have been captured by the camera. In recently released Ra-One (2011), the film‟s poster clearly depicts the hero (Shahrukh Khan) carrying the leading lady, Kareena Kapoor in his arms. It builds up his image as her saviour, something which the films story too follows. The woman...
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA
On the positive side, there are a chunk of film-makers who have reacted against the stereotypes set by mainstream cinema and have dared to explore subjects from the women‟s perspective. Contemporary films like No One Killed Jessica (2011), Cheeni Kum (2007), Chameli (2003), Ishqiya (2010), Paa (2009) and Dirty Picture (2011) have pictured extraordinary themes and portrayed women as central to the story line. These films have forced creators to take a fresh look at the different roles played by women and introspect into the kind of typecast that was being perpetuated earlier. It is also to the credit of...
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World Horror Cinema and the US: Bringing it all back home
Film scholar and author Shoma Chatterji (Subject: Cinema, Object: Women, 1998) says, “Women in Hindi cinema have been decorative objects with rarely any sense of agency being imparted to them. Each phase of Hindi cinema had its own representation of women, but they were confined largely to the traditional, patriarchal frame-work of the Indian society. The ordinary woman has hardly been visible in Hindi cinema.” vi To understand this portrayal in much more depth, we need to have a look at some crucial glimpses which defined the role of women in Hindi films. These images kept alive...
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The Society for Cinema and Media Studies’ Statement of Best Practices for Fair Use in Teaching for Film and Media Educators
In Hum Saath Saath Hain (1999), story of a typical Indian joint family, the younger to-be daughter-in-law of the house (Sonali Bendre) is a doctor by profession. However, she is never shown in a professional set up. Instead she is the coy, traditional kind of a girl who dutifully obeys her would be in-laws and subscribes to „Indianness‟. Her family identity dominates her professional identity. In films such as these, the „homely‟ role of the women was reinforced by use of symbols like „mangalsutra‟, „sindoor‟ and elaborate wedding customs. The modern woman was seen as a...
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IS BOLLYWOOD UNLAWFULLY COPYING HOLLYWOOD? WHY? WHAT HAS BEEN DONE ABOUT IT? AND HOW CAN IT BE STOPPED?
In what emerged as a cult film for youngsters, KKHH (1998), Rahul (Shahrukh Khan) is a flirtatious young guy who though does not mind flirting with girls, would however want to take only a homely girl in front of his mother, for marriage. While it is completely alright for him to flirt, he has very clear ideas about whom he wants to marry and that the girl should be simple. His best friend Anjali (Kajol) who is a tomboy falls for him and makes every effort to woo him by turning herself to be girlish. Under the veils of...
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Experience true Hollywood picture quality SIM2 Grand Cinema™ Line
In films that catered to Indian migrants, there was a clear emphasis on superiority of Indianness over western culture. The Indian was shown to be pure whereas the western was the morally degraded. This duality was established through the conduct of female characters like Kajol in Dilwali Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (DDLJ) – 1995, Pardes (1997) and Aa Ab Laut Chalen (1999). The western woman in these films was shown to be morally degraded and inferior to the Indian woman, whom the hero eventually chose. The migrant Indians in these films decided...
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A Heideggerian Cinema?: On Terrence Malick's The Thin Red Line
There are many other examples of gender bias on screen and they are not limited to a particular era of films. For eg: in war movies across time, women have been relegated to lovers who keep waiting endlessly for men fighting war. The courtesan, a subject of examination in many Hindi films (Devdas, Umrao Jaan, Pakeezah, Chameli), is a character that evokes sympathy from the hero. The hero will fall for her; bit will never marry her because the purity of the institution of marriage does not allow this union. Even if the marriage happens, the ground for...
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Nelli Latin Rmerican Cinema
It is necessary to understand that such portrayals find rationale in the power structures that govern Indian society. These power structures do not impart any agency to women. The inclination to portray women as ideal stems from the social and cultural context in which we reside. The pre-occupation with the ideal is what defines the goals of Hindi cinema. This ideal allows for only two types of women characters – the good who is to be idealized and the bad who is to be demonized. Most films still cannot sum up the courage to shatter myths of feminine beauty...
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GENDER REFLECTIONS IN MAINSTREAM HINDI CINEMA
Cinema is meant and believed to entertain, to take the viewer to a world that is starkly different from the real one, a world which provides escape from the daily grind of life. Cinema is a popular media of mass consumption which plays a key role in moulding opinions, constructing images and reinforcing dominant cultural values. The paper deals with representations of women characters in mainstream Bollywood movies. It is deemed appropriate to examine this issue because women are a major chunk of the country‟s population and hence their portrayal on screen is crucial in determining the furtherance of already...
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The Stereoscopic Cinema: From Film to Digital Projection
From information cards designed to be inserted in rental video boxes to critical screenings of new smoking films, 35,000 Reality Check members across New York state not only learned how Hollywood movies spread tobacco addiction, they warned others to watch out for smoking propaganda on the silver screen. Having learned a lot of lessons the first time out, Reality Check is ready to apply even more systematic pressure, mobilize the adult community, build alliances across the country — and around the world....
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SPACE, TIME, FRAME, CINEMA EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIES OF SPATIOTEMPORAL EFFECTS
Movies have always had a powerful influence on people’s behavior, from how they talk to how they dress. Tobacco marketers took advantage of this power to popularize cigarettes over cigars and to make smoking by women socially acceptable. The number of women stars posing with cigarettes in the 1930s and 1940s may have been no accident. And paying stars to endorse cigarette brands in print and billboard advertising was certainly business as usual, until smoking’s link to lung cancer shattered tobacco’s glamorous image in the early 1960s....
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TDP TRAINING FOR DIGITAL PROJECTION A REFERENCE GUIDE TO DIGITAL CINEMA
TV commercials for tobacco also came under fire. When th were barred by Congress in 1972, cigarette makers started talkin about how to exploit the movies in a more systematic way, usin Hollywood to position their brands in the global marketplace. Smoking on screen had actually dropped off in the 1960s with all the negative health news, but by the 1970s studios and producers seemed eager to strike deals with tobacco companies “Film is better than any commercial that has been run on television or in any magazine, because the audience is totally unaware of any sponsor involvement,” a Hollywood marketing expert told a leading tobacco company in 1972. ...
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TRAINING FOR DIGITAL PROJECTION A REFERENCE GUIDE TO DIGITAL CINEMA
In the late 1980s, when evidence was uncovered that Philip Morris had paid to place Marlboros in Superman II and Larks in James Bond’s License to Kill, Congress threatened to outlaw the practice. 26 Instead, after writing to Congress falsely claiming they had never paid for brand placement, in 1989 the tobacco industry won the chance to self-police a voluntary no-payola policy. Apparently, that meant the tobacco companies could also decide when to start abiding by their own policy (cigar companies did not bother to make a similar pledge until 1997)....
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Digital Cinema Resolution – Current Situation and Future requirements
Home theater projection has always promised greater viewer engagement, the prospect of a bigger, more exciting, more enveloping picture than just television. Greater engagement requires the screen to fill a larger field of view. This can only be achieved by sitting closer to the screen or increasing the overall screen size. But this has always run the risk of exposing image artifacts that pass without notice on smaller screens.
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“Toward a Third Cinema” Octavio Getino y Fernando Solanas
Compared to standard definition, 1080p high definition has enabled a quantum leap in home theater engagement. But high-end enthusiasts and custom installers understand that even 1080p HD has its limitations. At close viewing distances, individual pixels become discernable. Diagonal edges of on-screen objects that should appear smooth become jagged. Even the outlines around pixels can become strikingly evident.
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HOLLYWOOD: AN A TO Z GUIDE TO THE STARS, STORIES, AND SECRETS OF HOLLYWOOD
This paper will review the rise of digital cinema, the impact of 4K on the cinema experience, the similarities between digital cinema and home theater design, and the prospects for 4K entertainment in the home based on Sony’s revolutionary VPL-VW1000ES projector. To appreciate the importance of 4K, it helps to understand the venue where 4K first emerged: the cinema. 4K is playing a prominent role in the digital cinema revolution and has helped usher in an impressive range of benefits.
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THE CHANGING GEOGRAPHY OF THIRD CINEMA
The film print shown in theaters is typically a copy of a copy of a copy, three generations removed from the Original Camera Negative. Each generation sacrifices detail and contrast, leaving audiences with a pale imitation of the original. Digital presentation is typically far closer to the Original Camera Negative, enabling much higher picture quality. Stability. Film projectors must “pull down” each frame, then pause while that frame is projected. This process is inherently mechanical and somewhat imprecise. Slight misalignments from one frame to the next cause the picture to hop around on the screen. In...
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TONIGHT, HE COMES
Because film projectors are mechanically open, they permit dust, dirt and even hair to enter the light path. These cast shadows that can be painfully obvious. Because digital projectors are generally sealed, clarity is enhanced. Simplicity. Film prints require complex chemical manufacturing as well as costly printing, packaging and shipping to cinemas. This consumes valuable resources and requires disposal of chemical by-products and the prints themselves after the theatrical run. The Digital Cinema Package (DCP) that replaces the film print is a simple computer file that can be distributed over a broadband network. ...
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THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER
Exposed to wear and tear, film prints can get scratched during the course of the theatrical run. After each showing, the movie looks slightly worse than it did on opening night. With digital cinema, the movie looks just as good at the end of the theatrical run as it did at the beginning. Flexibility. Digital projectors can display not just films, but also a variety of alternate content including pre-show announcements and closed-circuit live HD entertainment such as concerts, sports and gaming. Versatility. Digital projection systems can support both 2D and 3D presentation. In fact, the...
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TRUMP HOLLYWOOD
In order for the digital cinema ecosystem to function properly, theaters and studios both needed assurance that any studio’s movie would be able to play in any theater on any authorized projection system. The major Hollywood movie studios also sought assurance that digital presentations would meet their requirements for security as well as color, brightness, clarity and resolution. To establish the required level of interoperability and define the required quality, the studios came together to create a unified standard. Thus was born the Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC, which created the DCI Specification. This document includes detailed requirements...
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ASSESSING STATE AID FOR FILMS AND OTHER AUDIOVISUAL WORKS – UNIC POSITION
Digital cinema resolution is measured in units of “K,” which stands for 1024 horizontal pixels. In the early years of the DCI Specification, the dominant resolution was 2048 pixels horizontal x 1080 vertical, known as 2K. But 2K represents only 7% more pixels than 1920 x 1080 HDTV. Fortunately, a more future-oriented, higher-resolution option was also written into the DCI Specification: 4K. At 4096 pixels horizontal x 2160 vertical, this is exactly four times as many pixels as 2K, and greater than four times the pixel count of HDTV. ...
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African Cinema in the Nineties
A more engaging movie experience depends on sitting closer to the screen. But how close is close? The answer varies by screen size. The same viewing distance that is “close” for a 70-foot screen is “far” for a 20-foot screen. To account for screens of different sizes, we need a special way to measure viewing distance. That’s why engineers consider viewing distance as a multiple of Picture Height (PH). Based on widely-accepted measures for the threshold of visual acuity, 2K presentation will satisfy audience members with 20/20 vision who sit at distances of 3.16 Picture...
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4K: From the cinema to the home
In pursuit of a more engaging experience, one might be tempted to sit closer to a 2K presentation. But moving closer than 3.16 PH causes unwanted on-screen artifacts to become more obvious. The illusion of a continuous image begins to break down as individual pixels become evident. Subjects that present fine detail such as motion picture credits will appear especially rough. Image diagonals will appear jagged. And gaps between the pixels may also become visible. This is called “screen door effect” because viewing the movie becomes like looking through a screen door. ...
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CINEMA SOUND ISOLATION
Now that we know sitting closer than 3.16 PH reveals 2K artifacts, how close do people actually sit in movie auditoriums? The historical trend has been to sit ever closer. 1920s—1940s. In comparison to today’s theatrical experience, the old movie palaces had perceptually smaller screens and longer seating distances. You can think of the classic theater as a long rectangle with the screen on the short side. Seating distances ranged from 8 PH in the back to 2.7 PH in the front. While today’s audiences might find this presentation puny and unimpressive, it was well...
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WAR AND CINEMA
The trend toward more engaging presentation led to a dramatic break with the past: the old “sloped floor” auditorium gave way to “stadium seating.” It’s as if we had turned the classic theater 90 degrees, placing the screen on the long side of the rectangle. In this new era, the back of the room is about 3 PH, which is roughly as close as the nearest seats used to be. Today the closest seats are less than 1 PH from the screen. In this environment, the flaws in 2K projection become obvious. Focus group research conducted for...
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WHERE THERE’S SMOKE - HOLLYWOOD &TOBACCO: REALITY CHECK STRIKES AGAIN!
While 2K projection had a long head start, theater owners currently purchasing digital projectors in the US are overwhelmingly embracing Sony Digital Cinema™ 4K. As of August 2011, over 9,000 screens worldwide had converted to Sony 4K projectors. This includes more than 7,000 screens in the United States alone. About half of these Sony systems are also 3D capable. In fact, in the US, Sony 4K accounts for nearly as many 3D-capable projectors installed as all other brands combined. This large and rapidly growing installed base of 4K projectors has prompted the studios to...
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Z CINEMA USER'S MANUAL
All this is why HDTV was an enthusiast’s dream come true—a dream that Sony was first to realize with the Qualia™ 004, the world’s first digital home theater projector with full 1920 x 1080 resolution. Thanks to HDTV, viewers with 20/20 vision can sit as close as 3.16 PH and still enjoy the illusion of a continuous picture. While 1080p represents the current home entertainment standard, today’s cutting edge home theaters require even more. Enthusiasts want to recreate the level of engagement they experience in modern movie theaters. That means sitting even closer than 3.16 PH. As we’ve seen,...
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