Tài liệu miễn phí Báo cáo khoa học
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Báo cáo khoa học: CONTEXTE NATUREL
Commonly used gralm~mrs which describe i~turai lan~uages /ex. ATN, Metamorphosis Grammars/ can be hardly applied in describing higly inflectional languages. So I propose a grammar called the grammar with natural context which takes into consideration properties of higly inflectional languages /ex. Polish / as well as structural languages /ex. English/. I introduce its normal form.
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Báo cáo khoa học: ITERATIg-E OPERATIONS
We present in this article, as a part of aspectual operation system, a generation system of iterative expressions using a set of operators called iterative operators. In order to execute the iterative operations efficiently, we have classified previously propositions denoting a single occurrence of a single event into three groupes. The definition of a single event is given recursively. The classification has been carried out especially in consideration of the duratire / non-durative character of the denoted events and also in consideration of existence / non-existence of a culmination point (or a boundary) in the events. ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: STRUCTURE OF SENTENCE AND INFERENCING IN QUESTION ANSWERING
First of all, the criteria are described that are used to identify the elementary units of undering structure and the operations conoining them into complex units (Sect.l), t h e n t h e m a i n t y p e s o f ~ n ~ t s and o p e r a t i o n s resulting from an empirical investigation on t h e b a s i s o f t h e c r i t e r i a are registered ( S e c t . 2 ) ,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Rodolfo Centro Linguisfico Delmonte Interfacol
A computer program for the automatic translation of any text of Italian into naturally fluent synthetic speech is presented. The program, or Phonological Processor (hence FP) maps into prosodic structures the phonological rules of Italian. Structural information is provided by such hierarchical prosodic constituents as Syllable (S), Metrical Foot (HF), Phonological Word (PW), Intonational Group (IG). Onto these structures, phonological rules are applied such as the l e t t e r - t o sound rules, automatic word stress rules,internal stress hierarchy rules indicating secondary stress,external sandhi rules, phonological focus assignment rules, logical focus assignment rules....
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Báo cáo khoa học: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PHONEME STRINGS FROM UNMARKED ENGLISH TEXT USING MACHINE-INDUCED RULES
The speech synthesis group at the ComputerBased Education Research Laboratory (CERL) of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champalgn is developing a diphone speech synthesis system based on pltch-adaptive short-tlme Fourier transforms. This system accepts the phonemic specification of an utterance along with pitch, time, and amplitude warping functions in order to produce high quality speech output from stored dlphone templates.
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Báo cáo khoa học: VOCAL INTEILFACE FOR A MAN-MACHINE DIALOG
We describe a dialogue-handling module used as an interface between a vocal terminal and a taskoriented device (for instance : a robot manipulating blocks). This module has been specially designed to be implanted on a single board using microprocessor, and inserted into the vocal terminal which already comprises a speech recognition board and a synthesis board. The entire vocal system is at present capable of conducting a real time spoken dialogue with its user.
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Báo cáo khoa học: KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING APPROACH TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Finnish is a highly inflectional language. A verb can have over ten thousand different surface forms - nominals slightly fewer. Consequently, a morphological analyzer is an important component of a system aiming at understanding Finnish. This paper briefly describes our rule-based heuristic analyzer for Finnish nominal and verb forms. Our tests have shown it to be quite efficient: the analysis of a Finnish word in a running text takes an average of 15 ms of DEC 20 CPU-time. I INTRODUCTION This paper briefly discusses the application of rule-based systems to the morphological analysis of Finnish word forms. Production systems...
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Báo cáo khoa học: AN ISLAND PARSING INTERPRETER FOR THE FULL AUGMENTED TRANSITION NETWORK FORMALISM
Island parsing is a powerful technique for parsing with Augmented ~ a n s i t i o n Networks (ATNs) which was developed and successfully applied in the HWIM speech understanding project. The HWIM application grammar did not, however, exploit Woods' original full ATN specification. This paper describes an island parsing interpreter based on HWIM, but containing substantial and important extensions to enable it to interpret any grammar which conforms to that full specification of 1970.
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Báo cáo khoa học: Parsing Flexible Word Order Languages
The work reported here has largely involved problems with parsing Italian. One of the typical features of Italian is a lower degree of word order rigidity in sentences. For instance, Paolo ama Maria (Paolo loves Maria) may be rewritten without any significant difference in meaning (leaving aside questions of context and pragmatics) in any the six possible permutations: Paolo ama Maria, Paolo Maria ama, Maria ama Paolo, Maria Paolo ama, ama Paolo Maria, ama Maria Paolo. Although Subject-Verb-Object is a statistically prevalent construction, all variations in word order can occur inside a component, and they may depend on the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: How to Parse Gaps in Spoken Utterances
We describe GLP, a chart parser that will be used as a SYNTAX module of the Erlangen Speech Understanding System. GLP realizes an agenda-based multiprocessing scheme, which allows easily to apply various parsing strategies in a transparent way. We discuss which features have been incorporated into the parser in order to process speech data, in particular the ability to perform direction independent island parsing, to handle gaps in the utterance and its hypothesis scoring scheme.
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Báo cáo khoa học: A FLEXIBLE NATURAL LANGUAGE PARSER BASED ON A TWO-LEVEL REPRESENTATION OF SYNTAX
In this paper we present a parser which al lows to make explicit the interconnections between syntax and semantics, to analyze the sentences in a quasi-deterministic fashion and, in many cases, to identify the roles of the various constituents even if the sentance is ill-formed. The main fea ture of the approach on which the parser is based consists in a two-level representation of the sy_n tactic knowledge: a first set of rules emits h~ potheses about the constituents of the sentence and their functional role and another set of rules verifies whether a hypothesis satisfies the con straints...
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Báo cáo khoa học: deals with the interpretation of conceptual operations
Thls article deals with the interpretation of conceptual operations underlying the communicative use of natural language (NL) within the Structured Inheritance Network (Sl-Nets) paradigm. The operations are reduced to functions of a f o ~ a l language, thus changing the level of abstraction of the operations to be performed on SI-Nets. In this sense, operations on SI-Nets are not merely isomorphic to single epistemologleal objects, but can be viewed as a simulation of processes on a different level, that pertaining to the conceptual system of NL. For this purpose, we have designed a version of KL-ONE which represents...
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Báo cáo khoa học: AN EXPERIFENTON SYNTHESIS OF RUSSIAN PARAMETRIC CONSTRUCTIONS
The paper describes an experimental model of syntactic structure generation starting from the limited fragment of semantics that deals with the quantitative values of object parameters. To present the input information the basic semantic units of four types are proposed:object, parameter, function and constant. For the syntactic structure representation the system of syntactic components is used that combines the properties of the dependency and constituent systems: the syntactic components corresponding to wordforms and exocentric constituents are introduced and two basic subordinate relations (actant and attributive) are claimed to be necessary. ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: LEARNING TRANSLATION SKILLS WITH A KNOWLEDGE-BASED FRENCH-ITALIAN CONJUNCTIONS IN CONTEXT
This pape~ describes an intelligent tutor of foreign language concepts and skills based upon state-of-the-art research in Intelligent reaching Systems and Computational Linguistics. The tutor is part of a large R&D project in ITS which resulted in a system (called DART~ for the design and development of intelligent teaching dialogues on PLATO I and in a program (called ELISA~ for teaching foreign language conjunctions in context. ELISA was able to teach a few conjunctions in English, Dutch and Italian. The research reported here extends ELISA to a complete set of conjunctions in Italian and French. ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: TOWARDS BETTER UNDERSTANDING
The tutor is part of a large R&D project in ITS which resulted in a system (called DART~ for the design and development of intelligent teaching dialogues on PLATO I and in a program (called ELISA~ for teaching foreign language conjunctions in context. ELISA was able to teach a few conjunctions in English, Dutch and Italian.
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Báo cáo khoa học: Rules for Pronominalization
To present the input information the basic semantic units of four types are proposed:object, parameter, function and constant. For the syntactic structure representation the system of syntactic components is used that combines the properties of the dependency and constituent systems: the syntactic components corresponding to wordforms and exocentric constituents are introduced and two basic subordinate relations .
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Báo cáo Y học: A complex fruit-specific type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein from elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is correctly processed and assembled in transgenic tobacco plants
Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; 2Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, UMR-CNRS 5089, Toulouse Cedex, France; 3Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Fruits of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) express small quantities of a type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein with an exclusive specificity towards the NeuAc(a2,6)Gal/GalNAc disaccharide and a unique molecular structure typified by the occurrence of a disulfide bridge between the B-chains of two adjacent protomers....
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Báo cáo Y học: Tryptophan fluorescence study of the interaction of penetratin peptides with model membranes
Laboratory for Lipoprotein Chemistry and 4Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Belgium; 2Laboratory of Biomolecular Dynamics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; 3Ecole Normale Supe´rieure, Paris, France Penetratin is a 16-amino-acid peptide, derived from the homeodomain of antennapedia, a Drosophila transcription factor, which can be used as a vector for the intracellular delivery of peptides or oligonucleotides....
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Báo cáo Y học: Characterization of heparin binding by a peptide from amyloid P component using capillary electrophoresis, surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry
Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Iowa, USA; 2Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark Synthetic peptides based on amino-acid residues 27–38 of human serum amyloid P component represent a novel type of heparin binders as they do not contain clusters of basic amino acids or other known features associated with protein or peptide heparin binding.
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Báo cáo Y học: LRP130, a protein containing nine pentatricopeptide repeat motifs, interacts with a single-stranded cytosine-rich sequence of mouse hypervariable minisatellite Pc-1
Recently, we have identified and purified minisatellite DNA binding proteins (MNBPs) that bind to the mouse hypervariable minisatellite Pc-1, from NIH3T3 cells. This study describes the isolation and characterization of a mouse leucine-rich protein (mLRP130) as one of the MNBPs that binds to the C-rich strand of Pc-1. The mLRP130 cDNA was demonstrated to encode a polypeptide of 1306 aminoacid residues with a deduced molecular mass of 137 kDa, and the mLRP130 mRNA is detected in various organs, including heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys and testes. The mLRP130 protein has nine copies of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs that are...
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Báo cáo Y học: Purification and characterization of novel chondroitin ABC and AC lyases from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, a human intestinal anaerobic bacterium
Two novel chondroitinases, chondroitin ABC lyase (EC 4.2.2.4) and chondroitin AC lyase (EC 4.2.2.5), have been purified from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, which was isolated from human intestinal bacteria with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. Chondroitin ABC lyase was purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of QAE-cellulose, CM-Sephadex C-50, hydroxyapatite and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography with a final specific activity of 45.7 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1. Chondroitin AC lyase was purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of QAE-cellulose, CM-Sephadex C-50, hydroxyapatite and phosphocellulose column chromatography with a final specific activity of 57.03 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1....
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Báo cáo Y học: The trans-sialidase from the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei is the cause of the diseases known as sleeping sickness in humans (T. brucei ssp. gambiense and ssp. rhodesiense) and ngana in domestic animals (T. brucei brucei) in Africa. Procyclic trypomastigotes, the tsetse vector stage, express a surface-bound trans-sialidase that transfers sialic acid to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of procyclin, a surface glycoprotein covering the parasite surface. Trans-sialidase is a unique enzyme expressed by a few trypanosomatids that allows them to scavenge sialic acid from sialylated compounds present in the infected host. ...
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Báo cáo Y học: The Fc receptor c-chain is necessary and sufficient to initiate signalling through glycoprotein VI in transfected cells by the snake C-type lectin, convulxin
There is extensive evidence that FcR c-chain couples to the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and becomes phosphorylated on tyrosines upon receptor cross-linking. However, it is not established whether this receptor complex is sufficient to initiate the signalling cascade. We transfected GPVI and the FcR c-chain into the human erythroleukaemia cell line K562, which lacks detectable expression of GPVI and the FcR c-chain. The results show that GPVI is unable to signal when expressed alone, despite its surface expression, upon stimulation with the snake C-type lectin, convulxin....
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Báo cáo Y học: Temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties for DNA/DNA and RNA/DNA duplex formation
A clear difference in the enthalpy changes derived from spectroscopic and calorimetric measurements has recently been shown. The exact interpretation of this deviation varied from study to study, but it was generally attributed to the non-two-state transition and heat capacity change. Although the temperature-dependent thermodynamics of the duplex formation was often implied, systemic and extensive studies have been lacking in universally assigning the appropriate thermodynamic parameter sets. In the present study, the 24 DNA/DNA and 41 RNA/DNA oligonucleotide duplexes, designed to avoid the formation of hairpin or slipped duplex structures and to limit the base pair length less than 12...
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Báo cáo Y học: Trehalose-based oligosaccharides isolated from the cytoplasm of Mycobacterium smegmatis Relation to trehalose-based oligosaccharides attached to lipid
A series of trehalose-based oligosaccharides were isolated from the cytoplasmic fraction of Mycobacterium smegmatis and purified by gel-filtration and paper chromatography and TLC. Their structures were determined by HPLC and GLC to determine sugar composition and ratios, MALDI-TOF MS to measure molecular mass, methylation analysis to determine linkages, 1H-NMR to obtain anomeric configurations of glycosidic linkages, and exoglycosidase digestions followed by TLC to determine sequences and anomeric configurations of the monosaccharides....
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Báo cáo Y học: Regulation of transcription of the Dnmt1 gene by Sp1 and Sp3 zinc finger proteins
The Sp family is a family of transcription factors that bind to cis-elements in the promoter regions of various genes. Regulation of transcription by Sp proteins is based on interactions between a GC-rich binding site (GGGCGG) in DNA and C-terminal zinc finger motifs in the proteins. In this study, we characterized the GC-rich promoter of the gene for the DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1) that is responsible for methylation of cytosine residues in mammals and plays a role in gene silencing. We found that a cis-element (nucleotides )161 to )147) was essential for the expression of the mouse gene for Dnmt1. DNA-binding...
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Báo cáo Y học: EPR characterization of the mononuclear Cu-containing Aspergillus japonicus quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase reveals dramatic changes upon anaerobic binding of substrates
Quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase (2,3QD) is a copper-containing dioxygenase that catalyses the oxidation of the flavonol quercetin to 2-protocatechuoylphloroglucinol carboxylic acid with concomitant production of carbon monoxide. In contrast to iron dioxygenases, very little is known about copper dioxygenases. We have characterized 2,3QD from the fungus Aspergillus japonicus by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). At pH 6.0, 2,3QD shows a mixture of two EPR species. The major form has parameters typical of type 2 Cu sites (g// ¼ 2.330, A// ¼ 13.7 mT), the minor one has a more distorted geometry (g// ¼ 2.290, A// ¼ 12.5 mT)....
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Báo cáo Y học: Phosphorylation of initiation factor-2a is required for activation of internal translation initiation during cell differentiation
The long uORF-burdened 5¢UTRs of many genes encoding regulatory proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation contain internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) elements. In a previous study we showed that utilization of the weak IRES of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF2) is activated during megakaryocytic differentiation. The establishment of permissive conditions for IRES-mediated translation during differentiation has been confirmed by our demonstration of the enhanced activity of vascular endothelial growth factor, c-Myc and encephalomyocarditis virus IRES elements under these conditions, although their mRNAs are not naturally expressed in differentiated K562 cells....
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Báo cáo Y học: Toxicity of substrate-bound amyloid peptides on vascular smooth muscle cells is enhanced by homocysteine
The main component of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer’s disease is the amyloid-b protein (Ab), a 4-kDa polypeptide derived from the b-amyloid protein precursor (APP). The accumulation of Ab in the basement membrane has been implicated in the degeneration of adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the mechanism of Ab toxicity is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of substrate-bound Ab on VSMC in culture. The use of substrate-bound proteins in cell culture mimics presentation of the proteins to cells as if bound to the basement membrane. Substrate-bound Ab peptides were found to be toxic...
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Báo cáo Y học: Differential response of neuronal cells to a fusion protein of ciliary neurotrophic factor/soluble CNTF-receptor and leukemia inhibitory factor
Department of Physiology, University of Basel, Switzerland; 2Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Basel, Switzerland; 3Xerion Pharmaceuticals, Martinsried, Germany; 4Department of Medicine, Section Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; 5Department of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) displays neurotrophic activities on motor neurons and neural cell populations both in vivo and in vitro. ...
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