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Technical Reviewer and Contributor
Richard Weeks (B.Sc.) is Managing Director of brightfluid (www.brightfluid.com), a research consultancy that is studying the behavioral patterns of the users of mobile communications—the social and psychological triggers that accompany mobile phone usage. Richard’s background includes key positions at Grey Interactive Services Ltd. (UK) where he helped launch the Cartoon Network’s WAP site and AnywhereYouGo.com in the UK where he was Business Development Manager. Richard is a frequent contributor to various consumer and pro-fessional mobile publications and has appeared on CNN Financial as an expert in the field. His expertise extends from mobile phone technologies such as SMS and WAP through to wireless LAN, satellite communica-tions, and in-flight information delivery resulting in an all-round appreci-ation for all aspects of the wireless Internet phenomenon.
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Contents
Foreword xxv
Answers to Your Wireless Questions
Q: Will I have to learn different programming if i-Mode comes to the United States?
Chapter 1 Moving from the Web to Wireless 1 Introduction 2 Explaining Wireless 2 Types of Wireless Connectivity 4 Mobile Phones as Wireless Modems 8
Packet Switched Networks 9
A: i-Mode uses a subset of HTML called Compact HTML (cHTML). Anyone familiar with HTML should have no problem learning this. However, there are signs that the industry may move towards XHTML as the preferred markup language for these devices.
Future Networks 10 Local and Personal Networks 11 Fixed Wireless Connectivity 13 Evolving Mobile Devices 14 Wireless Phones 15 Basic Mobile Phone Properties 15
PDAs 19 Palm OS Devices 21 Pocket PC Devices 23 Basic PDA Properties 24 Laptop Computers 28 Basic Laptop Properties 29
Convergent and Future Mobile Wireless Devices 31
Something Old, Something New 33 Old Stuff:The Existing Internet 34 New Stuff: Mobile Connectivity 35 Moving from a Wired to a Wireless Internet 38 Rethinking User Interface and Interaction 39
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xii Contents
Using the Short Message Service
The Short Message Service (SMS) allows you to send and receive messages of about 160 characters via your mobile phone using a GSM network. This is a relatively old technology but is still quite popular.
Recognizing Device Limitations 40 Adding Personalization 41 Summary 43 Solutions Fast Track 45 Frequently Asked Questions 48
Chapter 2 Wireless Architecture 51 Introduction 52 Components of a Wireless Network 52 The WAP Browser 53
The WAP Gateway 54 Corresponding WAP Protocols 54 Understanding Information Flow
through the Gateway 54 The Web Server 55
Adjusting the Metaphor for the Wireless Internet 56 Considering the Mobile User 57 Complementing Your Web Offering 57
Accepting the Challenge of WAP-Enabled
Devices 57 Determining Device Capabilities 58 Testing Your Application on Various Devices 59 Adopting Wireless Standards 60 Options in Markup Languages 61 Wireless Markup Language 62 Compact HTML 62
Web Clipping 62 Handheld Device Markup Language 62
Using Wireless Networks and Their
Evolving Generations 62 Noting the Market for Wireless Browsers
and Other Applications 64 WAP Browsers 64 Java2 Micro Edition 65 i-Mode and cHTML 66 Palm Query Application 66 Web Browser 66
Contents xiii
Exploring the Element
The element specifies a name and value pair that will be sent to the server as part of a URL request. The following are attributes for the element:
name The name of the field.
value The value of the field.
Short Message Service 67 Summary 68 Solutions Fast Track 68 Frequently Asked Questions 70
Chapter 3 A New Markup: WML 73 Introduction 74 A Brief History of Wireless Content 74
Developing the Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol 74
Developing the Handheld Device Markup Language 75
Developing the Tagged Text Markup Language 75 Forming the WAP Forum 75
Combining Languages into the
Wireless Markup Language 76 Projecting Future Growth 77 WML Overview 77 Creating Well-Formed Documents 78 Nesting 78 Creating Valid Documents 79 Using WML Syntax 83 Following Syntax Rules 84 Replacing Entities 84 Closing Elements 85
Characterizing the Element with
Attributes 86 Case Sensitivity 86 Handling White Space 86 Commenting 87 Using Variables 87
Formatting Text 87 Displaying Fonts 88 Reserved Characters 89 Displaying Tables 90 Meta Information 91 Controlling Caching 91
xiv Contents
Bookmarking 92 Understanding the Deck of Cards Paradigm 92 WML Elements 93 Adding Attributes 93 The id and class Attributes 94
The Element 94 The Element 95 The Element 95 The Element 96 The Element 97 The
Element 97 The Element 97 The Element 98 The Element 100 The
Element 97 The