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- 1 YEAR UPGRADE
BUYER PROTECTION PLAN
Webmaster’s G u i d e t o t h e
Wireless
Internet
Everything You Need to Develop E-Commerce Enabled
Wireless Web Sites
• Step-by-Step Instructions for Authoring a Web Clipping Application
• Complete Coverage of ASP.NET’s Microsoft Mobile Internet Toolkit
Extensions
• Master Wireless Security, Including Embedded Security Technology,
Secure Air-Connect Technologies, Mobile Operator Network Security,
and Authentication
Ryan Fife
Wei Meng Lee
Dan A. Olsen Technical Editor
- solutions@syngress.com
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- 1 YEAR UPGRADE
BUYER PROTECTION PLAN
Webmaster’s Guide
Wireless
to the
Internet
Ryan Fife
Wei Meng Lee
Dan A. Olsen Technical Editor
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PUBLISHED BY
Syngress Publishing, Inc.
800 Hingham Street
Rockland, MA 02370
Webmaster’s Guide to the Wireless Internet
Copyright © 2001 by Syngress Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored,
and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
ISBN: 1-928994-46-6
Technical Editor: Dan A. Olsen Freelance Editorial Manager: Maribeth Corona-Evans
Technical Reviewer: Richard Weeks Cover Designer: Michael Kavish
Co-Publisher: Richard Kristof Page Layout and Art by: Shannon Tozier
Acquisitions Editor: Catherine B. Nolan Copy Editors: Darren Meiss, Jesse Corbeil, and
Adrienne Rebello
Developmental Editor: Kate Glennon Indexer: Robert Saigh
Distributed by Publishers Group West in the United States and Jaguar Book Group in Canada.
- Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support
in making this book possible.
Richard Kristof and Duncan Anderson of Global Knowledge, for their generous
access to the IT industry’s best courses, instructors, and training facilities.
Ralph Troupe, Rhonda St. John, and the team at Callisma for their invaluable insight
into the challenges of designing, deploying, and supporting world-class enterprise
networks.
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Kevin Votel, Kent Anderson, and Frida Yara of Publishers Group West for sharing
their incredible marketing experience and expertise.
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Bunkell, and Klaus Beran of Harcourt International for making certain that our
vision remains worldwide in scope.
Anneke Baeten and Annabel Dent of Harcourt Australia for all their help.
David Buckland,Wendi Wong, Daniel Loh, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim,
Audrey Gan, and Joseph Chan of Transquest Publishers for the enthusiasm with
which they receive our books.
Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support.
Ethan Atkin at Cranbury International for his help in expanding the Syngress
program.
Gene Landy at Ruberto, Israel, & Weiner for his support and his honesty—and for
occasionally picking up the tab.Thank you for your friendship Gene.
v
- Contributors
Ryan Fife is a Technical Architect for Yospace where he is building their
developer outreach program.Yospace has a strong market reputation for
the development and deployment of high quality, working wireless data
solutions that add value even at the earliest stages of this market. Ryan is
working to maintain this prestigious reputation and expand the number
of developers who use Yospace products to build quality applications.
He has been building wireless solutions for more than two years for
clients that include large wireless companies such as Nokia and Ericsson.
Prior to joining Yospace, Ryan co-founded AnywhereYouGo.com, a wire-
less portal for developers that covered WAP, J2ME, SMS, i-Mode, and
PDA technologies. Ryan also has architected and built large e-commerce
systems in Java as a consultant for Electronic Data Systems (EDS).
Ron Herardian is a leading expert in wireless software technology and
messaging presently serving as Director of Product Strategy for
ClickServices, Inc., a venture-backed Silicon Valley startup funded by
Cisco Systems. Ron previously founded a wireless software startup,
3minder, Inc., that developed an integrated wireless and Internet mes-
saging technology and which merged with ClickServices, Inc., in May of
2000. Before entering the wireless field, he served for five years as CEO
and Chief Systems Architect for Global System Services Corporation
(GSS), an infrastructure systems consulting firm providing a range of ser-
vices in the areas of electronic messaging, directory services, and group-
ware. At GSS, Ron provided technology strategies for Fortune 500 clients,
as well as software and solution architectures for ISPs and infrastructure
software vendors such as Netscape Communications. A California native,
Ron holds various technical certifications and is the author of numerous
technical papers and articles on wireless technology and electronic mes-
saging, as well as a book on LAN-based e-mail. He holds a bachelor’s
degree from Santa Clara University and a master’s degree from Stanford
University.
vii
- Rory Lysaght is a Mobile Device Specialist at Ripcord Systems, a wire-
less startup based in Seattle and London. At Ripcord, Rory put together
one of the first wireless GSM iPAQs in Europe. He has worked in Web
and wireless development in the United States, Europe, and Japan. He has
contributed articles to several online and paper publications, including
Web Review and the EE Times. Prior to this, Rory worked as a photo-
journalist, publishing numerous documentary stories in magazines in the
same three continents. He is a member of the WAP forum and the Palm
developer network. Rory is also a contributor to Syngress Publishing’s
Palm OS Web Application Developer’s Guide (ISBN: 1-928994-32-6). He
lives in Seattle,WA.
Wei Meng Lee is Series Editor for Syngress Publishing’s .NET
Developer Series. He is currently lecturing at The Center for Computer
Studies, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore.Wei Meng is actively involved
in Web development work and conducts training for Web developers and
Visual Basic programmers. He has co-authored two books on WAP and
holds a bachelor’s degree in Information Systems and Computer Science
from the National University of Singapore.The first book in the .NET
series, VB.NET Developer’s Guide (ISBN: 1-928994-48-2), is currently
available from Syngress Publishing.
viii
- Technical Editor and Contributor
Dan A. Olsen is an independent Web technology consultant based in
San Francisco, CA. He specializes in helping nonprofit organizations and
small business people utilize Internet technology to make their internal
processes more efficient and to communicate with their clients more
easily. Dan formerly worked as an application developer and usability
engineer for Informano Networks, a wireless Managed Services Provider
located in Emeryville, CA. In this capacity, he handled all aspects of
client-side development for a wide variety of devices including WAP and
wireless mobile phones, PDAs, and desktop Web browsers.
Prior to his venture into the world of wireless technology, Dan spent
two years with Cox Interactive Media (CIM) as a Multimedia Developer
and Web Technical Lead. During his tenure with CIM, he was the in-
house technical resource for BayInsider.com, a San Francisco Bay Area
portal. Under the umbrella of CIM, he developed, built, and maintained
several Web sites for various local media partners and local events. Dan
studied anthropology and new media communications at the University
of Washington in Seattle.
ix
- Technical Reviewer and
Contributor
Richard Weeks (B.Sc.) is Managing Director of brightfluid
(www.brightfluid.com), a research consultancy that is studying the
behavioral patterns of the users of mobile communications—the social
and psychological triggers that accompany mobile phone usage. Richard’s
background includes key positions at Grey Interactive Services Ltd. (UK)
where he helped launch the Cartoon Network’s WAP site and
AnywhereYouGo.com in the UK where he was Business Development
Manager. Richard is a frequent contributor to various consumer and pro-
fessional mobile publications and has appeared on CNN Financial as an
expert in the field. His expertise extends from mobile phone technologies
such as SMS and WAP through to wireless LAN, satellite communica-
tions, and in-flight information delivery resulting in an all-round appreci-
ation for all aspects of the wireless Internet phenomenon.
x
- Contents
Foreword xxv
Answers to Your Chapter 1 Moving from the Web to Wireless 1
Wireless Questions Introduction 2
Explaining Wireless 2
Q: Will I have to learn Types of Wireless Connectivity 4
different programming
if i-Mode comes to the Mobile Phones as Wireless Modems 8
United States? Packet Switched Networks 9
A: i-Mode uses a subset Future Networks 10
of HTML called Local and Personal Networks 11
Compact HTML Fixed Wireless Connectivity 13
(cHTML). Anyone
familiar with HTML Evolving Mobile Devices 14
should have no Wireless Phones 15
problem learning this. Basic Mobile Phone Properties 15
However, there are
signs that the industry PDAs 19
may move towards Palm OS Devices 21
XHTML as the Pocket PC Devices 23
preferred markup
language for these Basic PDA Properties 24
devices. Laptop Computers 28
Basic Laptop Properties 29
Convergent and Future Mobile Wireless
Devices 31
Something Old, Something New 33
Old Stuff:The Existing Internet 34
New Stuff: Mobile Connectivity 35
Moving from a Wired to a Wireless Internet 38
Rethinking User Interface and Interaction 39
xi
- xii Contents
Recognizing Device Limitations 40
Adding Personalization 41
Summary 43
Solutions Fast Track 45
Frequently Asked Questions 48
Chapter 2 Wireless Architecture 51
Introduction 52
Components of a Wireless Network 52
The WAP Browser 53
The WAP Gateway 54
Corresponding WAP Protocols 54
Understanding Information Flow
Using the Short through the Gateway 54
Message Service The Web Server 55
Adjusting the Metaphor for the Wireless Internet 56
The Short Message Service Considering the Mobile User 57
(SMS) allows you to send
and receive messages of
Complementing Your Web Offering 57
about 160 characters via Accepting the Challenge of WAP-Enabled
your mobile phone using a Devices 57
GSM network. This is a
relatively old technology
Determining Device Capabilities 58
but is still quite popular. Testing Your Application on Various Devices 59
Adopting Wireless Standards 60
Options in Markup Languages 61
Wireless Markup Language 62
Compact HTML 62
Web Clipping 62
Handheld Device Markup Language 62
Using Wireless Networks and Their
Evolving Generations 62
Noting the Market for Wireless Browsers
and Other Applications 64
WAP Browsers 64
Java2 Micro Edition 65
i-Mode and cHTML 66
Palm Query Application 66
Web Browser 66
- Contents xiii
Short Message Service 67
Summary 68
Solutions Fast Track 68
Frequently Asked Questions 70
Chapter 3 A New Markup: WML 73
Introduction 74
A Brief History of Wireless Content 74
Developing the Intelligent Terminal Transfer
Protocol 74
Developing the Handheld Device Markup
Language 75
Exploring the
Developing the Tagged Text Markup Language 75
Element
Forming the WAP Forum 75
The element
Combining Languages into the
specifies a name and value Wireless Markup Language 76
pair that will be sent to Projecting Future Growth 77
the server as part of a URL
request. The following are
WML Overview 77
attributes for the Creating Well-Formed Documents 78
element: Nesting 78
s name The name of the Creating Valid Documents 79
field. Using WML Syntax 83
s value The value of the Following Syntax Rules 84
field. Replacing Entities 84
Closing Elements 85
Characterizing the Element with
Attributes 86
Case Sensitivity 86
Handling White Space 86
Commenting 87
Using Variables 87
Formatting Text 87
Displaying Fonts 88
Reserved Characters 89
Displaying Tables 90
Meta Information 91
Controlling Caching 91
- xiv Contents
Bookmarking 92
Understanding the Deck of Cards Paradigm 92
WML Elements 93
Adding Attributes 93
The id and class Attributes 94
The Element 94
The Element 95
The Element 95
The Element 96
The Element 97
The Element 97
The Element 97
The Element 98
The Element 100
The Element 100
The Element 101
The Element 101
The Element 102
The Element 102
The Element 103
The Element 104
The Element 105
The Element 105
The Element 106
The Element 106
The Element 107
The Element 108
The Element 108
The Element 108
The Element 108
The Element 109
The Element 110
The Element 110
The Element 110
The Element 111
The Element 111
- Contents xv
The Element 112
The Element 112
The Element 113
The Element 113
Creating WML Content 114
Navigating within the Deck 114
Getting Information from the User 115
Using Server-Side Programs to Create
Dynamic WML 117
Using Openwave Extensions Introduce
Context 120
Navigating Parent/Child Relationships
Using Extensions 121
Using the and
Extensions 123
Using the and
Extensions 124
Using the Extension 124
Using the and
Extensions 124
WML Editors,WAP SDKs, and Emulators 126
WML Editors 126
Other Editors 129
WAP SDKs 130
Ericsson WapIDE SDC 130
Motorola Mobile ADK 130
Nokia WAP Toolkit 130
Openwave UP.SDK 130
WAPObjects 131
WML Emulators 131
Summary 132
Solutions Fast Track 132
Frequently Asked Questions 135
- xvi Contents
Chapter 4 Enhancing Client-Side
Functionality with WMLScript 137
Introduction 138
What Is WMLScript? 138
Not All Phones Support WMLScript 138
WMLScript Compilation 140
How WMLScript Interacts with WML 140
Understanding the Basic Elements of
WMLScript 141
Examining WMLScript Syntax 141
Examining WMLScript Data Types 142
Examining WMLScript Operators 143
Examining WMLScript Control
Examining WMLScript
Data Types
Structures 146
Using WMLScript Libraries 147
WMLScript supports five
Functions in the Class Libraries 148
built-in data types: Learning to Interpret WMLScript 148
s Integer Dissecting the Code 150
s
Performing Mathematical Operations Using
Floating Point
WMLScript 151
s String
Dissecting the Code 152
s Boolean Using WMLScript for Input Validation 153
s Invalid Dissecting the Code 155
Credit Card Validation 157
The Credit Card Validating Algorithm 157
Dissecting the Code 160
Using WMLScript and Microsoft Active
Server Pages (ASP): Case Study 162
Designing the Application 162
Creating the Database 163
The WML Deck 163
Generating the WMLScript Program
from ASP 165
Debugging the WMLScript 170
Lessons Learned 173
Caching Problems 174
- Contents xvii
Debugging the Emulators 174
Emulators Are Relatively Unstable! 174
Summary 175
Solutions Fast Track 175
Frequently Asked Questions 177
Chapter 5 Wireless Development Kits 179
Introduction 180
The Openwave UP.SDK 4.1 180
Installing Openwave UP.SDK 181
System Requirements for the Openwave
UP.SDK 181
Using the Nokia WAP
Obtaining the Openwave UP.SDK 182
Toolkit 2.1
Installing the Openwave UP.SDK 182
The Nokia WAP Toolkit is
Working with the Openwave UP.SDK 183
an environment for Accessing and Editing Local Files 184
developing, viewing, and Accessing Files through a Gateway 186
testing WAP applications.
It includes:
Debugging Techniques 187
The Nokia WAP Toolkit 2.1 188
s Editing, validating, and
viewing WML decks
Installing Nokia’s WAP Toolkit 189
System Requirements for the Nokia
s Editing and debugging
WMLScript files WAP Toolkit 189
s
Obtaining the Nokia WAP Toolkit 190
Viewing and changing
WML variables inside Installing the Nokia WAP Toolkit 190
the WAP browser Working with the Nokia WAP Toolkit 191
s Examining debug Accessing and Editing Local Files 192
messages from the Accessing Files through a Gateway 195
WAP browser
Debugging Techniques 196
s Creating and editing The Motorola Mobile Application
WBMP images
Development Kit 2.0 199
Installing the Motorola Mobile ADK 199
System Requirements for the
Motorola Mobile ADK 199
Obtaining the Motorola Mobile ADK 201
Installing the Motorola Mobile ADK 201
Using the Mobile ADK 204
Accessing and Editing Local Files 206
- xviii Contents
Accessing Files through a Gateway 207
Debugging Techniques 208
The Ericsson Mobile Internet WAP-IDE 3.1 209
Installing the Ericsson Mobile WAP-IDE 209
System Requirements for the Ericsson
Mobile WAP-IDE 209
Obtaining the Ericsson Mobile
WAP-IDE 210
Installing the Ericsson Mobile
WAP-IDE 210
Working with the Ericsson Mobile
WAP-IDE 211
Accessing and Editing Local Files 212
Accessing Files through a Gateway 214
Debugging Techniques 215
The Yospace SmartPhone Emulator 2.0 216
Installing the Yospace SmartPhone Emulator 216
System Requirements for the Yospace
SmartPhone Emulator 217
Obtaining the Yospace SmartPhone
Emulator 217
Installing the Yospace SmartPhone
Emulator 217
Developing with the Yospace SmartPhone
Emulator 218
Accessing and Editing Local Files 220
Accessing Files through a Gateway 220
Debugging Techniques 221
Summary 222
Solutions Fast Track 224
Frequently Asked Questions 227
Chapter 6 Web Clipping 229
Introduction 230
What Is Web Clipping? 231
The Components of Web Clipping 233
Client-Side Components 233
- Contents xix
Server-Side Components 234
A Typical Web Clipping Transaction 235
What Types of Hardware Support Web Clipping 236
Palm VII/VIIx Connected via Mobitex 237
Other Handheld Devices Connected
via CDPD 237
Palm-Compatible Handhelds Connected
via the Mobile Internet Kit 238
Working with the Palm OS Emulator 239
Downloading and Installing the Emulator 239
Transferring a ROM Image 240
Creating a Web Obtaining ROM Images from Palm 242
Clipping Project with Starting the Emulator 242
the WCA Builder Connecting the POSE to the Internet 242
Creating a Web Clipping Project with the
The WCA Builder has three WCA Builder 243
main options from the File
menu: Open Index, Rescan Hello,World! 246
HTML, and Build PQA. Scanning the HTML 247
Creating the .pqa File 247
Installing and Uninstalling the Web
Clipping Application on the POSE 248
Viewing the Web Clipping Application 249
Adding Images and Additional Pages
to Your WCA 250
Web Clipping Basics 252
Unsupported Tags and Elements 252
Supported Tags and Elements 254
Using the Tag 255
Using the Tag 256
Using the Tag 257
Using the , , and Tags 257
Using the Tag 259
Using the , , and Tags 260
Using the and Tags 260
Using the , , and Tags 260
Using the – Tags 261
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