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Module XV Hacking Wireless Networks

Ethical Hacking Version 5 Module XV Hacking Wireless Networks Module Objective This module will familiarize you with the following: Concept of Wireless Networking Effects of Wireless Attacks on Business Types of Wireless Networks Wireless Standards Antennas Wireless Access Points SSID Setting up a WLAN Detecting a Wireless Network EC-Council How to Access a WLAN Wired Equivalent Privacy Wi-Fi Protected Access Steps for Hacking Wireless Networks Cracking WEP Tools for Scanning Tools for Sniffing

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  1. Ethical Hacking Version 5 Module XV Hacking Wireless Networks
  2. Module Objective This module will familiarize you with the following: Concept of Wireless How to Access a WLAN Networking Wired Equivalent Privacy Effects of Wireless Attacks on Wi-Fi Protected Access Business Steps for Hacking Wireless Types of Wireless Networks Networks Wireless Standards Cracking WEP Antennas Tools for Scanning Wireless Access Points Tools for Sniffing SSID Securing Wireless Networks Setting up a WLAN WIDZ and RADIUS Detecting a Wireless Network Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  3. Module Flow Steps for Hacking Wireless Networking SSID Wireless Networks Business and Setting up a WLAN Cracking WEP Wireless Attacks Types of Wireless Detecting Scanning Tools Networks a Wireless Network How to Wireless Standards Sniffing Tools Access a WLAN Securing Antennas WEP Wireless Networks WIDZ and Wireless Access WPA Points RADIUS Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  4. Introduction to Wireless Networking Wireless networking technology is becoming increasingly popular and at the same time has introduced several security issues The popularity of wireless technology is driven by two primary factors: convenience and cost A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) allows workers to access digital resources without being locked to their desks Laptops can be carried to meetings, or even to Starbucks, and connected to a wireless network. This convenience has become more affordable Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  5. Wired Network vs. Wireless Network Wired networks offer more and better security options than wireless More thoroughly established standards with wired networks Wireless networks are much more equipment-dependent than wired networks Easier to implement security policies on wired networks Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  6. Effects of Wireless Attacks on Business As more and more firms adopt wireless networks, security becomes more crucial Business is at high risk from whackers (wireless hackers) who do not require physical entry into a business network to hack, but can easily compromise the network with the help of freely available tools Warchalking, Wardriving, and Warflying are some of the ways in which a whacker can assess the vulnerability of a firm’s network Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  7. Types of Wireless Network There are four basic types: • Peer-to-Peer • Extension to a wired network • Multiple access points • LAN-to-LAN wireless network Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  8. Advantages and Disadvantages of a Wireless Network Disadvantages are: Advantages are: • Mobility (insecure) • Mobility (easy) • High cost post- implementation • Cost-effective in the • No physical initial phase protection of networks • Easy connection • Hacking has become • Different ways to more convenient transmit data • Risk of data sharing is high • Easy sharing Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  9. Wireless Standards The first wireless standard was 802.11. It defines three physical layers: • Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) • Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) • Infrared 802.11a: More channels, high speed, less interference 802.11b: Protocol of Wi-Fi revolution, de facto standard 802.11g: Similar to 802.11b, only faster 802.11i: Improves WLAN security 802.16: Long distance wireless infrastructure Bluetooth: Cable replacement option 900 MHz: Low speed, coverage, backward compatibility Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  10. Wireless Standard: 802.11a Works at 40mhz, in the 5g hz range Theoretical transfer rates of up to 54 mpbs Actual transfer rates of about 26.4 mbps Limited in use because it is almost a line of sight transmittal that necessitates multiple WAPs (wireless access points) Cannot operate in same range as 802.11b/g Absorbed more easily than other wireless implementations Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  11. Wireless Standard: 802.11b – “WiFi” Operates at 20 MHz, in the 2.4 GHz range Most widely used and accepted form of wireless networking Theoretical speeds of up to 11 mbps Actual speeds depend on implementation • 5.9 mbps when TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is used (error checking) • 7.1 mbps when UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used (no error checking) Can transmit up to 8 km in the city Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  12. Wireless Standard: 802.11b - “WiFi” Not as easily absorbed as 802.11a signal Can cause or receive interference from: • Microwave ovens (microwaves in general) • Wireless telephones • Other wireless appliances operating in the same frequency Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  13. Wireless Standard: 802.11g Operates at the same frequency range as 802.11b Theoretical throughput of 54 Mpbs Actual transmission rate is dependent on several factors, but averages 24.7 mbps Logical upgrade from 802.11b wireless networks – backwards compatibility Suffers from same limitations as 802.11b network System may suffer significant decrease in network speeds if network is not completely upgraded from 802.11b Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  14. Wireless Standard: 802.11i 802.11i is a standard for wireless local area networks that provides improved encryption for networks that use the popular 802.11a, 802.11b & 802.11g standards The 802.11i standard was officially ratified by the IEEE in June of 2004 Security is made up of three factors: • 802.1x for Authentication (EAP and Authentication Server) • Robust Security Network (RSN) to keep track of associations • Counter-Mode/CBC-Mac Protocol (CCMP) to provide confidentiality, integrity, and origin authentication Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  15. Wireless Standard: 802.11n The 802.11n standard, which will be based on multiple- in/multiple out (MIMO) technology, is expected to boost throughput to potentially well over 100 Mbps Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  16. Antennas Antennas are very important for sending and receiving radio waves They convert electrical impulses into radio waves and vice versa There are two types of antennas: • Omni-directional antennas • Directional antennas Can antennas are also popular in the wireless community and are used mostly for personal use Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  17. Cantenna – www.cantenna.com Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  18. Wireless Access Points An access point is a piece of wireless communications hardware that creates a central point of wireless connectivity Similar to a “hub,” the access point is a common connection point for devices in a wireless network Wireless access points must be deployed and managed in common areas of the campus, and they must be coordinated with telecommunications and network managers Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  19. SSID The SSID is a unique identifier that wireless networking devices use to establish and maintain wireless connectivity An SSID acts as a single shared identifier between access points and clients Security concerns arise when the default values are not changed, as these units can be easily compromised A non-secure access mode allows clients to connect to the access point using the configured SSID, a blank SSID, or an SSID configured as “any” Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
  20. Beacon Frames Beacon frames broadcast the SSID: • Help users locate available networks • Layer 2 management frames • Networks without BFs are called “closed networks”: – Simply means that the SSID is not broadcast anymore – Weak attempt at security through obscurity, to make the presence of the network less obvious – BSSIDs are revealed as soon as a single frame is sent by any member station – Mapping between SSIDs and BSSIDs is revealed by several management frames that are not encrypted Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights reserved. Reproduction is strictly prohibited
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