Internet Routing Architectures (2nd Edition)

Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition Sam Halabi Danny McPherson Publisher: Cisco Press Second Edition August 23, 2000 ISBN: 1-57870-233-X, 528 pages Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition expands on the highly successful first edition, with new updates on BGP4 and current perspectives on internetworking routing architectures. This book is intended for any organization needing to build an efficient, reliable, enterprise network accessing the Internet. Its purpose is to make you an expert on integrating your network into the global Internet. It is written to address real routing issues, using real scenarios, in a comprehensive and accessible manner. Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition uses a practical, example-oriented approach to provide solutions for ISP connectivity issues. Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Table of Contents About the Technical Reviewers ..........................................1 Acknowledgments ...................................................2 Introduction .......................................................3 Objectives ........................................................3 Audience ........................................................3 Organization ......................................................3 Approach ........................................................4 Features and Text Conventions ..........................................5 Command Syntax Conventions ..........................................5 Icons Used in This Book ..............................................6 I: The Contemporary Internet ..........................................8 1. Evolution of the Internet .............................................9 Origins and Recent History of the Internet ..................................10 Network Access Points ..............................................14 Routing Arbiter Project ..............................................18 The Very High-Speed Backbone Network Service ............................22 Transitioning the Regional Networks from the NSFNET ........................24 NSF Solicits NIS Managers ...........................................25 Other Internet Registries .............................................28 Internet Routing Registries ............................................29 The Once and Future Internet ..........................................30 Looking Ahead ...................................................33 Frequently Asked Questions ...........................................34 References ......................................................35 2. ISP Services and Characteristics ......................................36 ISP Services .....................................................36 ISP Service Pricing, Service-Level Agreements, and Technical Characteristics .........40 Looking Ahead ...................................................50 Frequently Asked Questions ...........................................51 3. IP Addressing and Allocation Techniques ................................53 History of Internet Addressing .........................................53 IP Address Space Depletion ...........................................60 Looking Ahead ...................................................79 Frequently Asked Questions ...........................................79 References ......................................................81 II: Routing Protocol Basics ............................................83 4. Interdomain Routing Basics .........................................84 Overview of Routers and Routing .......................................84 Routing Protocol Concepts ............................................87 Segregating the World into Autonomous Systems .............................91 Looking Ahead ...................................................98 Frequently Asked Questions ...........................................98 References ......................................................99 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com 5. Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 ...................................101 How BGP Works .................................................102 BGP Capabilities Negotiation .........................................117 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP ......................................118 TCP MD5 Signature Option ..........................................119 Looking Ahead ..................................................120 Frequently Asked Questions ..........................................121 References .....................................................122 III: Effective Internet Routing Designs ..................................123 6. Tuning BGP Capabilities ..........................................124 Building Peer Sessions .............................................125 Sources of Routing Updates ..........................................131 Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors ......................................137 The Routing Process Simplified .......................................139 Controlling BGP Routes ............................................145 Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation ................................165 BGP-4 Aggregation ...............................................174 Looking Ahead ..................................................179 Frequently Asked Questions ..........................................180 References .....................................................183 7. Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing ............................184 Redundancy ....................................................185 Symmetry ......................................................191 Load Balancing ..................................................191 Specific Scenarios: Designing Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing ..........192 Looking Ahead ..................................................214 Frequently Asked Questions ..........................................214 References .....................................................215 8. Controlling Routing Inside the Autonomous System ........................216 Interaction of Non-BGP Routers with BGP Routers ..........................216 BGP Policies Conflicting with Internal Defaults .............................218 Policy Routing ...................................................225 Looking Ahead ..................................................229 Frequently Asked Questions ..........................................230 9. Controlling Large-Scale Autonomous Systems ...........................232 Route Reflectors .................................................232 Confederations ...................................................242 Controlling IGP Expansion ..........................................246 Looking Ahead ..................................................252 Frequently Asked Questions ..........................................252 References .....................................................254 10. Designing Stable Internets .........................................255 Route Instabilities on the Internet ......................................255 BGP Stability Features .............................................258 Looking Ahead ..................................................263 Frequently Asked Questions ..........................................263 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com IV: Internet Routing Device Configuration ................................265 11. Configuring Basic BGP Functions and Attributes ........................266 Building Peering Sessions ...........................................267 Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation ................................271 Peer Groups ....................................................280 Sources of Routing Updates ..........................................282 Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors ......................................289 BGP Attributes ..................................................290 BGP-4 Aggregation ...............................................302 Looking Ahead ..................................................319 12. Configuring Effective Internet Routing Policies ..........................320 Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing ..............................321 Following Defaults Inside an AS .......................................347 Policy Routing ...................................................361 Route Reflectors .................................................364 Confederations ...................................................367 Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation .................................372 BGP Outbound Request Filter Capability .................................378 Route Dampening .................................................379 Looking Ahead ..................................................383 V: Appendixes ...................................................384 A. BGP Command Reference .........................................385 B. References for Further Study .......................................390 Interesting Organizations ............................................390 Research and Education .............................................390 Miscellaneous ...................................................390 Books ........................................................391 Internet Request For Comments .......................................391 C. BGP Outbound Route Filter (ORF) ...................................394 When to Use BGP ORF .............................................394 Configuration ...................................................394 EXEC Commands ................................................396 Closing Remarks .................................................397 D. Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) ........................................398 The Motivation Behind the New Command-Line Interface ......................398 Organizing Command Groups in the New Configuration .......................399 Peer Groups ....................................................403 Route Maps .....................................................404 Redistribution ...................................................405 Route Reflector ..................................................407 Aggregation ....................................................407 List of BGP Commands .............................................408 Upgrading to the AF Style ...........................................409 ... - tailieumienphi.vn