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- Giáo trình Cài đặt và quản trị mạng máy tính (Nghề: Kỹ thuật sửa chữa, lắp ráp máy tính) - Trường TCN Kỹ thuật công nghệ Hùng Vương
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- UY BAN NHAN DAN QU4N 5
TRUONG TRUNG CAP NGHE KY THU4T CONG NGHJt HUNG VUONG
, '
GIAOTRINH
Cai dJt va quin trj
m~ng may tinh
' ,
Nghe: Ky thu~t sfra chira, lap rap may tinh
TRINH DO• TRUNG CAP
TPHCM-2019
- LOI GIOI THI¢U
BS dap ung yeu c§.u giang d~y chuong trinh dao t~o nghS "Ky thu~t
sua chfra, l~p rap may tinh" cfing nhu vi?c cung c§,p tai li?u giup cho sinh vien h9c
t~p, khoa Di?n tu chung toi da tiSn hanh bien so~ giao trinh "L~p d~t h? th6ng
m~ngmay tinh" .
Giao trinh nay giup cac b~n co them ky nang:
* Chc;m Iva duc;rc cac thiSt bi m~ng may tinh t6i uu.
* ThiSt kS dugc h? th6ng m~g C\lC b9 LAN.
* Thi cong dugc h? th6ng m:;mg C\lC b9 LAN.
* Cai d~t dugc h? th6ng m~ng C\lC b9 LAN - Workgroup.
Day la cong trinh dugc viSt bai d9i ngu giao vien da va dang cong tac t~i
trucmg TCN KTCN Hung Vuong cung v6i sv g6p y va phan bi?n cua cac doanh
nghi?p trong linh V\IC lien quan, tuy v~y, cu6n sach ch~c ch~n v~n khong
tranh khoi nhfrng khiSm khuySt. Chung toi mong nh ~n dugc y kiSn dong g6p cua
b~ d9c dS cuf>n sach dugc hoan thi?n hon trong 1§.n tai ban.
Xin tran tr9ng gi6i thi?u cung b~ d9c!
Qu(in 5, ngay thang nam20
Bien S,O{l,n
To Huynh· Thien Tririlng
- MVC LVC
TRANG
, - 1 ~
GIOI TID¥U VE MO DUN ................................................................................. I
" r r
B8.i 1: TONG QUAN M4NG MAY TIN"H.......................................................... 3
1. Cac khai ni~m may tinh.................................................................................... 3
1.1. M~g may tinh la gi? .................................................................................. 3
1.2. Lich sir phat triSn m~g may tinh ................................................................ 3
1.3. Thanh phftn ca ban m~mg may tinh ............................................................. 4
2. Phan. lo~i m~ng may tinh ............................................................ ,..................... 4
2.1. M~g LAN (Local Area Network) .............................................................. 4
2.2. M~g MAN (MetropolitanAreaNetwork) ................................................... 5
2.3. M~g WAN (Wide Area Network) ............................................................. 5
2.4. M~g GAN (Wide Area Network) .............................................................. 6
" HIN"H
B3.i 2: MO '
OSI .......................................................................................... 9
1. Ki6n true phan tftng M~ng may tinh ................................................................. 9
1. 1. Yeu cftu v6 h~ th6ng m~ng may tinh ........................................................... 9
1.2. Ki6n true phan tftng ..................................................................................... 9
1.3. Mo hinh m~g OSI chmin ......................................................................... 10
2. Mo hinh M~g OSI ........................................................................................ 11
2.1. L&p v~t ly (Physical) ................................................................................. 11
2.2. L&p lien kSt dfr li~u (data link) .................................................................. 11
2.3. L&p m~ng (Network) ..............................................................-.................. 12
2.4. L&p v~ chuySn ........................................................................................ 12
2.5. L&p phien ................................................................................................. 12
2.6. L&p trinh bay (Presentation) ..................................................................... 13
2.7. L&p ung d-i,mg (Application) ..................................................................... 13
" M~G .·............................................................ ·. 15
B8.i 3: TOPOLOGY - SO DO
1. Mo hinh t6 chuc m~g ................................................................................... 15
1. 1. M~g ngang hang (Peer to Peer) ............................................................... 15
1.2. M~g k:hach chu (Client- Server) ............................................................ 16
2. Ki Sn true h~ th6ng m~ng ................................................................................ 17
2.1. M~g kiSu BUS ......................................................................................... 17
- 2.2. M~g kiSu START ................................................................................... 17
2.3. M~g kiSu RIN"G ...................................................................................... 18
2.4. M~g h6n hqp .......................................................................................... 18
~ , ,
B3.i 4: TIDET BJ ~ G MAY T ~ .............................................................. 19
1. Hub & Switch ................................................................................................ 19
1.1. Hub (Concentrator hay HUB) ................................................................... 19
1.2. Switch ..................................... ·................................................................. 19
2. Modem & Router ............................................................................................ 20
2.1. Modem ..................................................................................................... 20
2.2. Router ....................................................................................................... 21
3. Brigdes .......................................................................................................... 21
4. Card m~ng (Network Interface Card) ............................................................. 24
5. Repeater ......................................................................................................... 24
6. Cable M~g ................................................................................................... 25
6.1. Cable d6ngtn..ic (Coaxial Cable) ............................................................... 25
6.2. Cable xo~n d6i (Twisted pair cable) ......................................................... 27
6.4. Cable sqi quang (Fiber optic cable) .......................................................... 29
6.5. BAm Cable RJ45 ....................................................................................... 32
,
B3.i 5: GIAO THUC ~ G TCP/IP ................................................................ 34
1. Giao thuc M~ng ............................................................................................. 34
1.1. Giao thuc IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange / Sequenced Packet
Exchange ) ................................................................................................. 34
1.2. Giao thuc NetBeUI ................................................................................... 35
1.3. Giao thuc TCP/IP························••.•·························································· 35
2. Giao thuc TCP/IP .......................................................................................... 38
2.1. Gi&i thi~u giao thuc TCP/IP ..................................................................... 38
2.2. Giao thuc TCP/IP & kiSn true M~ng ........................................................ 38
2.3. Dia chi IP tren h~ th6rtg M~ng .................................................................. 40
2.4. Gi&i thi~u v~ dia chi IP ............................................................................. 40
2.5. Cac thanh ph!n cua dia chi IP ................................................................... 42
2.6. Cac l&p cua dia chi IP ............................................................................... 43
....
. .
..:; ..:; ..:;
Biti 6: THIET KE HE THONG MANG ............................................................. 50
1. Khao sat h~ thf>ng m~ng ................................................................................. 50
- 2. Phan tich yeu c.lu ......................................................................................... 50
3. Ch9n h;ra kiSn true h~ th6ng m~ng ................................................................ :.. 51
3.1. M~g d~ng BUS ....................................................................................... 51
3.2. M~g d~ng VONG .................................................................................... 51
3.3. M~g hinh SAO ........................................................................................ 52.
4. L~p kS ho~ch thiSt kS m~g ............................................................................ 52
5. ThiSt kS h~ th6ng m~ng - Topology ............................................................... 53
5.1. Cac thanh ph.ln thiSt kS ............................................................................. 53
5.2. ThiSt kS ki€m soat ..................................................................................... 53
5.3. ThiSt kS du li~u ......................................................................................... 57
5.4. ThiSt kS chi tiSt chuc nang- module chuong trinh ................................... 58
5.5. Tu li~u h6a thi@t k@ h~ thf>ng ..................................................................... 61
B3.i 7: MICROSOFT OFFICE VISIO .............................................................. 63
1. ThiSt kS m~ng v&i Microsoft Visio ................................................................ 63
1.1. Gi&i thieu ........................................ ·.......................................................... 63
1.2. Cac c6ng C\l ·······························:······························································ 65
1.3. Cong C\l ve d~ng hinh ............................................................................... 72
1.4. Hi~u chinh va dinh d~ng ......................................................................... 106
1.5. KSt n6i d~g hinh ............................................................ :...................... 152
2. ThiSt kS m~ng v&i Microsoft Visio .............................................................. 158
" '
B3.i 8: CAU HINH WORK.GROUP ................................................................ 167
1. Cai d~t & C§u hlnh W orkgroup .................................................................... 167
1. 1. Cai d~t va du hinh W orkgroup v&i Window XP .................................... 167
1.2. Cai d~t va du hinh W orkgroup v&i Window 2003 Server...................... 177
2. Cac ung d\lng tren W orkgroup ..................................................................... 183
2.1. Share tai nguyen (Share Permisson) ..................................................... 183
2.2. Anh x~ tai nguyen (MAP NETWORK DRIVER) ................................. 188
2.3. Ki€m tra M~g, IP .................................................................................. 189
2.4. Local User and Group ............................................................................. 191
2.5. Disk Managerment .................................................................................. 195
Bai 9: CAI B~T VA QUAN TRJ MAY IN QUA M~G .............................. 203
1. Cai d~t va d.u hinh Print Server: .................................................................. 203
1. 1. M\lc dich cua vi~c dung chung may in .................................................... 203
- 1.2. Cai d~t may in m6i va c~u hinh thanh Printer Server .............................. 203
1.3. Chia se tai nguyen may in tren m~ng ...................................................... 210
2. Quan tri may in ............................................................................................ 211
2.1. Ca ch~ in ~n trong Windows XP ............................................................. 211
2.2. DiSu k:hi6n c6ng in~ ............................................................................. 213
2.3. Quy dinh thoi gian in trong m~ng ........................................................... 214
2.4. DiSu k:hi6n hang dgi ............................................................................... 214
- ' :,.
B8.i 10: H¥ DIEU HANH M~G.................................................................... 216
1. Gi6i thi~u h~ di Su hanh mc;tng ...................................................................... 216
2 .. H~ diSu hanh Win 2003 Server ................................................................... 216
2.1. Cai Win2003 Server cho may chu .......................................................... 216
2.2. C~u hinh Domain cho Win2k3 Server .................................................... 216
2.3. Cai d~t dich V\l m~g Win2k3 Server ..................................................... 219
.,
Bili 11: QUAN TRJ USER & GROUP ............................................................ 253
1. Quan tri M~g may tinh ............................................................................... 253
1.1. Khai ni~m vS quan tri m~ng .................................................................... 253
1.2. Yeu c~u khi quan ttj m~ng ...................................................................... 253
2. T6 chuc User va Group trong Window 2003 Server .................................... 254
2.1. Gi6i thi~u vS User va Group trong Win2003 Server ............................... 254
2.2. Quan ly User trong Win2003 Server ....................................................... 258
2.3. Quan ly Group trong Win2003 .Server .................................................... 264
' - .,
TAI LI¥U THAM KHAO ............................................................................... 267
- 1
G161 Tmiu vt MO DUN
Vi tri, tinh ch,t cu.a mo dun
- Vi tri mon h9c: La mo-dun chuyen nganh; dµac b6 tri & h9c ky III, sau mo-dun
CO' SCT.
- Tinh chAt mon h9c: Mon kiSm tra.
M\f C tieu cu.a mo dun
1. Ki~n thuc chuyen mon:
- Trinh bay dugc cac ki@n thuc ca ban m~ng may tinh (Ly Thuy@t M~ng).
- Trinh bay dugc cac thi@t bi m~ng may tinh.
- Trinh bay dugc qui trinh thi€t kS h~ th6ng m~ng may tinh.
- Trinh bay dugc qui trinh quan ttj h~ th6ng m~ng W orkgroup.
2. Ky nang ngh~:
- Ch9n lµa dugc cac thiSt bi m~ng may tinh t6i uu.
- Thi@t kS dugc h~ th6ng m~ng c1,1c b9 LAN.
- Thi cong dugc h~ th6ng m~ng c1,1c b9 LAN.
- Cai dijt dugc h~ th6ng m~ng c1,1c b9 LAN - W orkgroup.
3. Thai dq lao dqng:
- C~n th~ trong vi~c thiSt k@& thi cong m~ng tranh anh hu&ng dSn thiSt bi.
- Tac phong lam vi~c ck th~n, chinh xac, chuyen nghi~p.
- C6 y thuc tµ giac, tinh ky lu~t cao, tinh thful trach nhi~m trong h9c t~p.
- ThS hi~n tinh khoa hc, sang t~o trong qua trinh h9c t~p
4. Cac ky nang cin thi~t khac:
- C6 kha nang xem cac tai li~u hu6ng d~n quan tri m~ng.
- C6 kha nang lam vi~c theo nh6m
Nqi dung cu.a mo dun
1. T6ng quan m~ng may tinh
2. Mo hinh OSI
3. Topology- Sa d6 m~ng
4. ThiSt bi m~ng may tinh
5. Giao thuc m~ng TCP/IP
6. ThiSt kS h~ th6ng m~g
7. Microsoft office Visio
8. cAu hinh Workgroup
9. Cai d~t va quan tri may in m~g
10 .H~ di€u hanh m~ng
11. Quan ttj User & Group
- 2
- 3
Bai 1: TONG QUAN
. . MAY TINH
MANG .
1. Cac khai ni~m may tinh
1.1. M~ng may tinh la gi?
Noi m(>t each CO' ban, m~g may tinh la hai hay nhiSu may tinh dm;rc kSt n6i
v&i nhau theo m(>t each nao do sao cho ch(mg co th€ trao df>i thong tin qua l~i v&i
nhau.
Hinh J,,.1: Mo binh m~ng ca bin
M~g may tinh ra doi xu§.t phat timhu cAu mu6n chia se va dung chung du
li~u. Khong co h~ th6ng m~ng thi du li~u tren cac may tinh d(>c l~p mu6n chia se
v&i nhau phai thong qua vi~c in §.n hay sao chep qua di'a mSm, CD ROM,
. . . diSu nay gay r§.t nhiSu b§.t ti~n cho nguai dung. Cac may tinh duqc kSt n6i
thanh m ~ng cho phep cac kha nang:
• Su dµng chung cac cong Cl) ti~n ich
• Chia se kho du li~u dung chung
• Tang d(>tin c~y cua h~ th6ng
• Trao d6i thong di~p, hinh anh,
·• Dung chung cac thiSt bi ngo~i vi (may in, may ve, Fax, modem ... )
• Giam thi€u chi phi va thai gian di l~i.
1.2. Ljch sir phat tri~n m~ng may tinh
Vao giua nhung nam 50, nhung h~ th6ng may tinh dAu tien ra dai
SU dµng cac bong den di~n tu nen kich thu&c r§.t c6ng kSnh va tieu t6n nhiSu nang
luqng. Vi~c nh~p du li~u vao may tinh duqc th1,rc hi~n thong qua cac bia dl)c 16 va
kSt qua duqc dua ra may in, diSu nay lam m§.t r§.t nhiSu thai gian va b§.t ti~n cho
nguai su d1;Lng.
DSn giua nhung nam 60, cung v&i Sl,f phat tri€n cua cac ung dl)ng tren may
tinh va nhu cAu trao d6i thong tin v&i nhau, m9t s6 nha san xu§.t may tinh da
nghien cua chS t~o thanh cong cac thiSt bitruy c~p 1ir xa t&i cac may tinh cua h9,va
day chinh la nhung d~g sa khai cua h~ th6ng m~g may tinh.
E>Sn dAu nhung nam 70, h~ th6ng thiSt bi dAu cu6i 3270 cua IBM ra dai
cho phep ma r(>ng kha nang tinh toan cua cac trung tam may tinh dSn cac vung 6
- 4
xa. DSn gifra hung nam 70, IBM da gi&i thi~u m9t lo~t cac thiSt bi d§u cu6i duqc
thiSt kS chS t~o cho lmh V\IC ngan hang, thuong m~i. Thong qua day cap m~g cac
thiSt bi dAu cu6i c6 thS truy c~p cung m◊t hie dSn m◊t may tinh dung chung. DSn
nam 1977, cong ty Datapoint Corporation da tung ra thi tnrong h~ di Su hanh
m~g cua minh la "Attache Resource Computer Network" (Arcnet) cho phep lien
kSt cac may tinh va cac thiSt bi dAu cu6i l~i bing day cap m~ng, va d6 chinh la h~
diSu hanh m~ng dAu tien.
1.3. Thanh phftn CO' ban m~mg may tinh
- C6 it nhit 2 may tinh.
- M9t giao tiSp m~ng tren m6i may (NIC: Network interface Card)
- Moi truong truy6n :
- Day cap m~ng
- Moi truong truySn khong day.
- H~ di6u hanh m~ng :
- UNIX, Windows 98, Windows NT, ... , Novell Netware, ...
2. Phan lo~i m~ng may tinh
2.1. M~ng LAN (Local Area Network}
M~ng C\lC b◊ (LAN) la h~ truySn.thong t6c d◊ cao duqc thiSt kS dS kSt n6i
cac may tinh va cac thiSt bi XU ly du li~u khac cung ho~t d9ng v&i nhau trong m9t
khu V\IC dia ly nho nhu a m9t tAng cua toa nha, ho~c trong m9t toa nha .... M9t s6
m~g LAN c6 thS kSt n6i l~i v&i nhau trong m9t khu lam vi~c.
i ; , 12PortSwill:h
1~•~@l[W@~~[W~E;&]~ ~I
t_.,.
to100-Mbps
Segment E backbone
:D~c di~m cua m~ng Lan
- Bang thong Ian, c6 kha nang ch~y cac ung d1_mg tn,rc tuySn nhu xem phim, h◊i
thao qua m~ng.
- K.ich thu&c m~ng bi gi&i h~ bai cac thiSt bi.
- Chi phi cac thiSt bi m~ng tuong d6i re.
- Quan tri don gian.
- 5
2.2. M~ng MAN (MetropolitanAreaNetwork)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) kSt n6i cac may tinh trong ph~m vi m9t
thanh ph6. KSt n6i nay duqc thvc hi~n thong qua cac moi trucmg truySn thong t6c
d9 cao (50-100 Mbit/s).
Gigabit E.!hemet
Gigabit E.themettecl1110Jogy is appfjed beyond the enterprise LAN to
MAN and WAN-based nehllo!ks.
LAN i.AN
Dij.c di~m cua m~ng MAN :
- Bang thong muc trung binh, du dS ph1,1c Vl,l cac ung d1,1ng d.p thanh ph6 hay
qu6c gia nhu chinh phu di~n tu, thuang m~i di?n tu, cac ung d1,1ng cua cac ngan
hang, ...
- Do MAN n6i kSt nhiSu LAN v&i nhau nen d9 phuc t~p cung tang d6ng thai
cong tac quan tri se kh6 khan han.
- Chi phi cac thi~t bi m~ng MAN tuang d6i dit tiSn.
2.3. M~ng WAN (Wide Area Network)
M~g WAN bao phu vung dia ly r9ng l&n c6 thS la m9t qu6c gia, m9t l1,1c
dia hay toan du. M~ng WAN thucmg la m~ng cua cac cong ty da qu6c gia hay
toan du, diSn hinh la m~ng Internet. Do ph~m vi rc)ng l&n cua m~ng WAN nen
thong thucmg, m~g WAN la t~p hqp cac m~ng LAN, WAN n6i l~i v&i nhau bing
cac phuang ti~n nhu : v? tinh (satellites), song viba (microwave), cap quang, cap
di?n tho~i, ...
Dij.c di~m cua m~ng WAN :
- Bang thong th!p, d~ kSt n6i, thucmg chi phu hqp v&i cac ung d1,1ng offline nhu
e-mail, web, ftp, ..
- Ph~ vi ho~t d9ng r9ng l&n khong gi&i h~n.
- Do kSt n6i cua nhi~u LAN, MAN l~i v&i nhau nen m~ng r!t phuc t~p va c6
tinh toan c~u nen thucmg la c6 tb chuc qu6c tS dung ra quan tri.
- Chi phi cho cac thiSt bi va cac cong ngh~ m~ng WAN r!t dit tiSn.
- 6
Hinh 2.2: :\fo hinh m~ng dit}n rqng (\VAL"\).
2.4. M~ng GAN (Wide Area Network)
Gan kSt n6i cac may tinh tu cac chau h,ic khac v&i nhau. Thong thuong kSt
n6i nay thµc hi~n qua m~g vi~n thong va v~ tinh
Mc;mg Gan c6 quy mo l&n nh§t, bang thong th~p va r~t phuc t~p, chi phi dfiu tu cao
- 7
❖ Cau hoi on t@.p
1. M9t s6 cac may tinh phan b6 tren m9t vung dia ly r9ng va duqc kSt n6i v&i
nhau bing cac cap va cac thiSt bi khong day la m9t ..... .
a. LAN b. MAN
c. WAN d. Virtual network.
2. Cac thanh ph§n CO' ban cua kiSn true mi;mg la ......... (ch9n 2)
a. Topology b. Form of the network
c. Protocols d. Physical Media
3. Hai mo hinh m
- 8
a. Dung b. Sai
10. Nhung dich V\l thong thuong nhftt tren m~ng la: (ch9n 3 )
a. Dich V\l File b. Dich V\l Email
c. Dich V\l thu m1,1c d. Dich V\l in
e. Dich V\l chia xe
- 9
Bai 2: Mo HINH 0s1
1. Ki~n true phan ting M~ng may tinh
1.1. Yen eiu v~ h~ th6ng m~ng may tinh
Tren thS gi&i hi~n co m9t s6 ca quan chuyen lo vAn dS dµih chufui, h9 dua ra
hang lo~t chu§n vS ~ng tuy cac chu§.n do co tinh chAt khuySn nghi chu khong b~t
bu9c nhung chung rAt duqc cac ca quan chu§.n qu6c gia xem tr9ng.
M9t s6 ca quan chu§.n qu6c tS nhu sau:
- ITU (Intemation Telecommunication Union): Hi~p h9i viSn thong qu6c tS.
- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers): Vi~n cac ky su
di~n va di~n tu.
- CCITT (Commite Consultatif International pour le Telegraphe et la
Telephone) la t6 chuc tu vAn qu6c tS vS di~n tin va di~n tho~i lam vi~c du&i sµ bao
trq cua Lien Hi~p Qu6c co tf\1 sa chinh t~i thanh ph6 Geneva - Th1,1y sy. Cac thanh
vien chu ySu la cac ca quan buu chinh viSn thong cac qu6c gia. T6 chuc nay co vai
tro phat triSn cac khuySn nghi trong cac·rn.nh vµc viSn thong.
- ISO (The International Standards Organization) la t6 chuc tieu chu§.n qu6c
tS ho~t d9ng du&i sµ bao trq cua Lien hqp Qu6c v&i thanh vien la cac ca quan
chu§.n qu6c gia v&i s6 luqng khoang han 100 thanh vien v&i m1,1c dich h6 trq sµ
phat triSn cac chu§.n tren ph~m vi toan thS gi&i. M9t trong nhfmg thanh tµu cua
ISO trong lrnh vµc truySn thong la vao nam 1977, ISO duqc giao trach nhi~m thiSt
kS m9t chufui truySn thong dµa tren ly thuySt vs kiSn true cac h~ th6ng ma lam ca
sa dS thiSt kS m~ng may tinh. Mo hinh nay co ten la OSI (Open Systems
Interconnection -tuang kSt cac h~ th6ng ma).
1.2. Ki~n true phan ting
DS giam d9 phuc t~p cua vi~c thiSt kS va cai d~t m~ng, h§u hSt cac m~ng
may tinh hi~n co dSu duqc phan tich thiSt kS theo quan diSm phan tftng (layering).
M6i h~ th6ng thanh phfin cua m~ng duqc.xem nhu m9t cAu true da tftng, trong do
m6i tftng duqc xay tren tfing tru&c no. S6 luqng cac tftng cung nhu ten va chuc
nang cua m6i tftng la tuy thu9c vao cac nha thiSt kS. Tuy nhien, trong hftu hSt cac
m~ng, m1,1c dich cua m6i tftng la cung cAp m9t s6 dtch V¥ nhAt dinh cho tfing cao
han. IBnh 2.1 la m9t kiSn true phan tftng t6ng quat, v&i gia thiSt A va B la hai h~
th6ng may tinh thanh phftn cua m~ng duqc n6i v&i nhau.
- 10
H~th6ngA H~th8ngB
Giao thuc tfug N
TangN ◄-- -♦ TangN
Tang i+ 1
Giao thuc tfug i + l
◄ -----------------------+
1---.------1
Tang i + 1
l
Tang i ◄----~i~_o_!I:1!~-t__~~-~---+ Tang i l Gia:o di~n i+ 1 / i
Tang i- 1 Giao thuc dng i -1
◄ -----------------------+
1---~----1
Tang i - 1
1--------1 .
Il Gia:o di~n i-1 / i
Giao thuc tfug 1
Tang 1 ◄ -----------------------+ Tang 1
I I
Duong truy~n ·v~t 1:§'
Hinh 2.1 J\,finh ho~ ki~n tnic phan ting t8ng quit
Nguyen t&c cita !din trite phan tdng la:
- M6i h~ th6ng trong m9t m~ng dSu c6 cung du tn'.i.c tfing (s6 lm;mg tfing,
chuc nang cua m6i tfing la nhu nhau).
- Sau khi xac dinh du true tfuig, cong vi~c kS tiSp la dinh nghia m6i quan h~
(giao di~n) giua hai t§.ng kS nhau va m6i quan h? gifra hai tfing d6ng muc &
hai h? th6ng n6i kSt v&i nhau. NSu m(>t h? th6ng m~ng c6 N t§.ng thi t6ng s6
cac quan h? (giao di~n) cfin phai xay dl,fllg la 2 *N -1.
- Trong thµc tS, dfr li?u khong dugc truySn trµc tiSp tu tfing thu i cua h? th6ng
nay sang tfuig thu i cua h? th6ng khac (trir trucmg hgp tfing thfip nhfit trµc
tiSp su d1,mg duong truySn v~t ly dS truySn cac chu6i bit (0,1) tu h~ th6ng
nay sang h~ th6ng khac). Qui u&c dfr li~u & hen h¢ th6ng gui (sender) dugc
truySn tu tfing tren xu6ng tfing du&i va truySn sang h¢ th6ng nh(in (receiver)
b&ng duong truySn v~t ly va cu thS di ngugc len cac tfing tren.
1.3. Mo hinh m~ng OSI chuin
Khi thiSt kS cac nha thiSt kS t\f do lµa ch9n kiSn true m~ng rieng cua minh.
Tu d6 dful dSn tinh tr~ng khong tuong thich gifra cac m~g: phuong phap truy
nh~p duong truySn khac nhau, su d1,mg h9 giao thuc khac nhau, ... Sµ khong tuong
thich d6 lam cho nguai su d1,mg cac m~g khac nhau khong thS trao d6i thong tin
v&i nhau dugc. Sµ thuc bach cua khach hang khiSn cho cac nha san xufit va nhfrng
nha nghien cuu, thong qua tb chuc chufin hoa qu6c tS va qu6c gia dS tim ra m9t
giai phap churig d§.n dSn sµ h9i tl,l cua cac san phfim m~g. Tren CO' s& d6 nhfrng
nha thiSt kS va cac nghien cuu lfiy d6 lam khung chufin cho san phfim cua minh
Vi ly do d6, nam 1977, T6 chuc tieu chufin hoa qu6c tS (International
Organization for Standardization - ISO) da l~p ra m9t tiSu ban nh&m dua ra m9t
khung chufin nhu thS. KSt qua la vao nam 1984 ISO da xay dl,fllg mo hinh 7 tfuig
gQi la mo hinh tham chiSu cho vi~c n6i kSt cac h~ th6ng m& (Reference Model for
Open Systems Interconnection - OSI Reference Model) gQi tit la mo hinh OSI. Mo
- 11
hinh nay dugc dung lam CO' SO' dS n6i kSt cac h~ th6ng ma phvc vv cho cac (mg
dvng phan tan fM9i h~ th6ng tuan theo mo hinh tham chiSu OSI dSu c6 thS truySn
thong tin v6i nhau.
H~ tllfing A Hi; th6ng B
Giao thuc tiing 7 i-------~.
7 APPLICATION
---------·---····---- -► UNGDl)~G 7
1 Giao thuc tfulg 6
r------------ ·-
i
_,_ ____ .,.. TRINHDW 6
6 PRESENTATION
r---+----------1! Giao thuc tfi.ng 5 ·---~--.......-----1:
5 SESSION -!-------------------------.,.. PHIEN 5
.-------+--------
- 12
+ Chia nh6 thanh cac kh6i du li~u frame (vai tram bytes), ghi them
vao d§.u va cu6i cua cac frame nhfrng nhom bit d~c bi~t dS lam ranh gi&i
giua cac frame
+ Tren cac duang truy~n v~t ly luon co 16i nen t§.ng nay phai giai
quySt v§n d~ sua 16i (do ban tin bj hong, m§t va truySn l~i) + Giu cho S\f
d6ng b9 t6c d9 giua ben phat va ben thu
Tom l~i: dng lien kSt du li~u chju trach nhi~m chuy@n khung du li~u khong
16i tu may tinh nay sang may tinh khac thong qua t§.ng v~t ly. T§.ng nay cho phep
t§.ng m~ng truySn du li~u g§.n nhu khong ph~m 16i qua lien kSt m~ng
2.3. L6'p m~ng (Network)
- L~p dja chi cac thong di~p, di@n djch dia chi va ten logic thanh dja chi v~t
ly
- Ki@m soat va di~u khiSn duang truy~n: Djnh ro cac bo tin duqc truySn di
theo con duang nao tu ngu6n t&i dich. Cac con duang do co th@ la c6 djnh d6i v&i
nhfrng m~ng it thay d6i, cung co th@ la d9ng nghia la cac con duang chi duqc xac
djnh tru&c khi bit d§.u cu9c noi chuy~n. Cac con duang do co th@ thay d6i tuy theo
tr~ng thai tai rue thai.
- Quan ly luu luqng tren m~ng: chuySn d6i goi, djnh tuySn, ki@m soat sv tic
nghen du li~u (nSu co nhi@u goi tin cung duqc gui di tren duang truy@n thi co th@
xay ra tic nghen )
- KiSm soat lu6ng du li~u va cithqp du li~u (nSu c§.n)
2.4. L6'p vin chuy~n
- Thvc hi~n vi~c truy~n du li~u giua hai d§.u nut (end - to - end).
- Thvc hi~n kiSm soat 16i, ki@m soat lu6ng du li~u tu may f may. Dam bao
goi tin truy@n khong ph~m 16i, theo dung trinh tu, khong bj m§.t mat hay sao chep.
- Thvc hi~n vi~c ghep kenh, phan kenh cit hqp du li~u (nSu c§.n). Dong goi
thong di~p, chia thong di~p dai thanh nhi@u goi tin va g9p cac goi nh6 thanh m9t
b9.
- T§.ng nay t~o ra m9t kSt n6i cho m6i yeu c§.u cua t§.ng tren no. Khi co nhi@u
yeu c§.u tu t§.ng tren v&i thong luqng cao thi no co th@ t~o ra nhiSu kSt n6i va cung
m9t luc co th@ gui di nhiSu bo tin tren duang truy@n.
2.5. L6'p phien
- Cung c§.p phuong ti~n truySn thong gifra cac ung d1,mg: cho phep nguai su
d1,mg tren cac may khac nhau co th@ thiSt l~p, duy tri, huy b6 va d6ng b9 hoa cac
phien truySn thong giua h9 v&i nhau.
- Nhi~m vt;L chinh:
+ Quan ly the bai d6i v&i nhfrng nghi thuc: hai ben kSt n6i dS truy~n
thong tin khong d6ng thai thvc hi~n m9t s6 thao tac. D@ giai quySt v§n d~
nguon tai.lieu . vn
