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- APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON E-LEARNING
SVTH: Trần Thị Thùy Dương,
Vương Thị Diệu Linh, Phạm Thị Thùy Trang
GVHD:ThS Đỗ Thị Phương Thảo
Tóm tắt - Bài báo nghiên cứu về ứng dụng Trí tuệ nhân tạo cho E-Learning. Trong nghiên
cứu này, chúng tôi giới thiệu về e-learning và vai trò của nó trong các lĩnh vực của cuộc sống và
nhiều điểm mạnh của e-learning với học truyền thống. Bên cạnh đó, chúng ta sẽ trả lời câu hỏi "AI
được ứng dụng như thế nào trong e-learning?" Việc sử dụng công nghệ trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) tiên
tiến nhất trong các hệ thống học tập điện tử hiện tại có thể mang lại các dịch vụ cá nhân hóa,
thích ứng và thông minh cho cả sinh viên và nhà giáo dục. Nó cho phép học sinh tham gia vào các
quá trình học tập trực tuyến trong bài giảng và hướng dẫn để giáo viên và học sinh có thể xác định
việc nắm vững kiến thức và điều chỉnh các hướng dẫn để tạo điều kiện học tập. Hơn nữa, với việc
ứng dụng AI trong e-learning, học sinh hứng thú hơn với việc tự học. Có rất nhiều ứng dụng được
hỗ trợ bởi AI và chúng đã được khai thác hiệu quả để cung cấp cho người học khả năng kiểm soát
nội dung, trình tự học, tốc độ học, thời gian và thường là phương tiện, cho phép họ điều chỉnh trải
nghiệm của mình để đáp ứng mục tiêu học tập cá nhân của họ. Trong phần tiếp theo, chúng ta
cũng nói về một số hoạt động được hỗ trợ bởi AI, những thuận lợi và thách thức trong e-learning.
Abstract - Research paper on applying Artificial intelligence for E-Learning. In this research,
we provide an introduction to e-learning and its role in areas of life and many strong points of e-
learning with traditional learning. Besides, we will answer the question "How is AI applied in e-
learning?" Employing the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) technology in current e-learning
systems can bring personalized, adaptive, and intelligent services to both students and educators.
It allows students to participate in the online learning processes in the lecture and tutorials so that
teachers and students can identify mastery of knowledge and adjust the guidelines to facilitate
learning. Moreover, with the application of AI in e-learning, students are more interested in self-
study. There are many applications that are supported by AI and they have been effectively
exploited that offer learners control over content, learning sequence, pace of learning, time, and
often media, allowing them to tailor their experiences to meet their personal learning objectives. In
the next part, we also talk about some activities supported by AI, advantages and challenges in e-
learning.
Keyword - artificial intelligence, e-learning, AI, Chatbot
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an important factor in all aspects
of human life. From manufacturing to health, from education to media to customer service
– Artificial Intelligence has asserted its strength and potential. Thanks to AI, the academic
world has become more personalized, thus changing the way of e-learning. In this paper,
there is an introduction to E-learning, comparison between traditional learning methods
and E-learning methods and artificial intelligence, how it is applied in E-learning. There
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- are many difficulties. The learners also have some challenges in E-learning with artificial
intelligence.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. E -learning
1) Definition
The E-paper (The Economic Times) defined E-learning as a learning network that
relies on common teaching and uses electronic-aided learning resources known as E-
learning. It allows users to transfer knowledge and skills by using electronic devices such
as a computer tablet and even a smartphone. Besides, everybody enabled access and
update of information, knowledge via the Internet at all times. Especially in the context of
the global COVID-19 pandemic, no matter if all professions are affected to a greater or
less degree, E-learning still promotes its effects [4].
2) Compare E-learning with traditional learning
As regards the differences between traditional learning and E-learning, some typical
responses, VMPelearning.com said that E-learning: learner-centric, cost-effective as well
as flexible and it may be accessed every time, everywhere with the flexible learning
timetable [2]. Traditional learning takes place in a classroom setting. There is a trainer
who moderates and regulates the flow of information and knowledge. To sum up, the
effectiveness of E-learning was assessed higher than traditional textbook-based learning
[7].
3) What is Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science that
emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans and the
capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior [31]. It can be applied to
various areas and enterprises like the healthcare, industry, particularly in the field of
education and the objective of this is to recognize and solve tractable information
processing problems.
III. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR E-LEARNING
A. Application using AI
Today, AI is getting mainstream and has a significant role. Artificial intelligence
more and more impacts the modern educational system in the areas of versatile learning,
virtual instructors and lecturers, instructional exercises, customized digital learning
interfaces, automated grading, and automated plagiarism checking. There are some
applications that are e-learning applications utilizing AI.
First of all, we will discuss the Duolingo application. This application has numerous
advantages like that it offers free courses in many languages, those developed and
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- fictional. By utilizing AI, this application can anticipate foreign language levels of
students, identify the right sentences to help learners make progress, suggest practice
documents and exercises dependent on the student's advancement [27].
Secondly, Carnegie Learning is likewise a decent application. It changes learning
programs for every understudy, delivering personalized learning paths so it will deliver
different learning experiences to learners and it permits the instructor to see what their
understudies are doing in the software, featuring every understudy's advancement
continuously and displaying alerts that help teachers assist the students who are struggling
or praise the students hitting certain achievements [27].
B. Popular E-learning activities supported by AI
1) Learn 1-1 with virtual assistant
Nowadays, in day to day life of people, virtual assistants are becoming popular and
have an important role. As regarding the survey in 2019 of Clutch, the number of people
using intelligent virtual assistants (Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana...) are incrementing
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- with 27%, which is supported by machine learning and advancements in artificial
intelligence to handle a simple task[13]. Besides, an intelligent virtual assistant allows a
user to easily interact with it by voice command. The advantages of virtual assistant
technology are primarily related to usability. It allows all users to access information
without using their hands, which is extremely useful when multitasking. Visually impaired
or disabled people may also use voice-controlled virtual assistants to access and navigate
the Internet independently (Saveta, 2020) [15]. Using an intelligent virtual assistant is
really suitable for the learners to satisfy the wants of the study with E-learning. Instead of
when you have to have a direct tutor, this one-to-one learning form will be completely
operated by virtual assistants. And of course, virtual assistants will also act as the most
difficult ones, helping the learner to improve your skills. Moreover, the participation of the
intelligent virtual assistant brings some advantages such as massive amounts of data, and
this is accessed online. Which brings personalized learning opportunities for the learner
(Ana-Mihaela Istrate) [14].
1.1) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) algorithms
According to the Data flair page, Artificial Neural Network is a computational
model based on biological neural networks. It includes a lot of nodes, which interact with
each other by passing through information. They compose of some layers named
Multilayers Perceptron. The function of each layer executed differently relied on the
received data. There are three main layers consisting of one input layer, one or more
hidden layer and one output layer. The process of passing information begins from input
layer to hidden layer, in here hidden layer retrieves data from aggregates of neurons,
analyzes deeper all details to detect the different relationships of inputs and then returns a
simple result to the output layer (Maria Thomas, 2019) [10].
Artificial Neural Network has two types like Feed-Forward Neural Network and
Recurrent Neural Network. A recurrent neural network (RNN) and feed-forward neural
networks (FFNN) are different based on the way how to amortizate the information from
layer to layer. In a feed-forward neural network, the data can pass through in one direction
only (input layer — hidden layer — output layer) [11]. However, the process of a
recurrent neural network (RNN) changes considerably. The information of a feed-forward
neural network will go through a loop. The previous input will affect the next input to
make decisions. The input information is saved in its own networks instead of a database.
Therefore, the functioning network does not affect because of the loss data. If one or more
than one cell of the functioning network has a problem, the process of creating the output
will be affected. Hence, this makes it have good fault tolerance. Besides, these networks
are in a position to handle many functions at a time with numerical strength (Muhammad
Imran, 2020) [30].
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- 2) Automatically customize the learning program according to student's
liking
Personalized Learning is the tailoring of pedagogy, curriculum and learning
environments to meet the needs and learning styles of individual learners. There are some
points that should be taken into consideration when deciding to personalize an eLearning
experience include: Personalize the environment, Personalize the content [22]. In this part,
We analyze the Association rules that are used to find the frequent pattern, association, or
correlation in a transaction database. This section describes the Apriori Association Rule,
Predictive Apriori Association Rule, Tertius Association Rule & Filtered Associator
algorithm briefly. In the predictive Apriori association rule algorithm, predictive accuracy
is an important key Tertius Association Rule is found according to the confirmation
measures. It includes various options like class Index, classification, confirmation,
Threshold, confirmation Values, frequency Threshold, values Output and so on Filtered
Associator algorithm is a class for running an arbitrary associator on data that has been
passed through an arbitrary filter.
3) Improve user interaction
AI technology is used as a tool to help improve users' experience on e-learning
platforms. With LMS chatbot - an automatic reply system that provides a communication
platform between the system and use, it helps build an effective interface. Chatbots
incorporate artificial intelligence tools to predict users' concerns while conducting their
workouts. The goal of chatbot for eLearning is to establish an automatic communication
channel with the users in order to provide first-hand attention and speed up the process,
not only for the admin users but also for the learners. Chatbots work by using Pattern
matchers to detect the pattern of a user's question and see if it matches the "trained"
question stored in the system. System to come up with the most suitable answers. At first,
the user question is entered, then the predefined patterns break the question down into sub-
patterns. Next, machine learning algorithms were used to determine the best match of the
predefined questions. Finally, the answer system matched will give to the user.
C. Advantages and challenges in E-learning
One specific benefit of e learning is that it allows learners to choose time and place
in a flexible way. According to Smedley (2010), the adoption of e-learning provides the
institutions as well as their students or learners the much flexibility of time and place of
delivery or receipt of according to learning information [16]. With one technological
device such as phone, tablet, desktop… they can access a huge source of human
knowledge. Especially during the covid translation time, students have too much time at
home, they choose the online learning method to both study and protect their health. In
addition, the cost of learning through E-learning will normally be less than traditional
learning methods.Learners also can find all they want through e learning.There are a lot of
lessons from famous universities, famous lecturers are uploaded in e-learning platforms.
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- We know that human knowledge is immeasurable, so the lessons are also updated every
minute to adapt with the changing times. As a result, learners can access the latest
knowledge sources. Learners can choose what they want to learn, and ignore inappropriate
content. In a study conducted by Kirtman, a student responded to online coursework by
stating, “It is more self-guided so I can spend more time on the concepts that I need help
with and less on concepts that I can pick up quickly” (Kirtman, 2009, p. 110) [17]. Self-
regulated learners have a tendency to use various “cognitive and metacognitive strategies
to accomplish their learning goal” (You & Kang, 2014, p. 126) [18]. This helps learners be
more active in learning to get the best results.
Although E-learning offers outstanding benefits in education and training, we
always have to admit that E- system learning still has some certain limitations. Firstly,
online training suffers from a "critical" drawback: Limiting the interaction between the
student and the instructor. The learner will have less chance to talk directly with their
classmates and lecturers, they mostly interact through mouse clicks on the screen. In a
study by Thomson, one instructor observed that many students desire to work
independently and at different paces than their peers, therefore eliminating the need for
communication amongst their classmates (Thomson, 2010)[19]. Another instructor stated
“students are taking online courses for content not for social interaction” (Thomson, 2010,
p. 37) and then hypothesized that “peer interaction and collaboration is valuable for
younger students” (Thomson, 2010, p. 37) [19]. Lack of interaction affects a learner's soft
skills such as communication skills, questioning skills, and presentation skills .... The
versatility of E-learning itself is a "double-edged sword": on the one hand it helps learners
to receive knowledge anytime, anywhere. On the other hand, it makes businesses have a
headache with the problem of the completion rate of the course. When learning is no
longer any barrier, learners can easily "wriggle", learn to "deal", delay to put lectures close
to the deadline, reducing the effectiveness of the training. Learners with a lack of self-
regulation tended to not assign enough time to complete assignments, therefore turning in
poor quality work or late assignments all together (You and Kang, 2014)[18]. In addition,
if the lecture is not attractive enough, learners can easily get discouraged and quit the
lectures. Many learners are easily distracted when studying online. They study while being
attracted to other factors on the internet such as social networks, comics, movies ... An
indispensable problem about online courses is the issue of information security. Currently,
the proportion of personal information stolen and taken advantage of to serve fraudulent
activities is increasing. The main reason is that the security system has not been upgraded
and upgraded, vulnerable to hacker attacks.
D. Solutions
To increase the interaction between teachers and learners, teachers should use
support tools such as chat, forums, real time virtual classes ... Besides, teachers can also
add content in the lecture.
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- To keep the e-learning platform secure, three layers of security should be installed:
Server - Client - In the application, and at the same time, build an e-learning system with a
full structure including:
- Learning Management System (LMS) as a service system that manages the
distribution and search of learning content for learners, ex: LMS manages the learning
processes.
- Learning Content Management System (LCMS): An LCMS is a multi-user
environment where training institutions can create, store, reuse, manage, and distribute
learning content. file in a digital environment from a central data warehouse. LCMS
manages the processes of creating and distributing learning content.
IV. APP/WEBSITE(S) ARE SUPPORTED BY AI TECHNOLOGIES
A. Conceptual Overview
Our goal is to enable AI-application developers and researchers with:
A set of pre-trained NLP models, pre-defined dialog system components
(ML/DL/Rule-based), and pipeline templates;
A framework for implementing and testing their own dialog models;
Tools for application integration with adjacent infrastructure (messengers, helpdesk
software, etc.);
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- Benchmarking environments for conversational models and uniform access to
relevant datasets.
B. Brief source code
DeepPavlov is an open-source conversational AI library built on TensorFlow, Keras
and PyTorch.
DeepPavlov is designed for
- Development of production ready chat-bots and complex conversational systems,
- Research in the area of NLP and, particularly, of dialog systems.
C. Installation
- We support Linux and Windows platforms, Python 3.6 and Python 3.7
o Python 3.5 is not supported!
o installation
for Windows requires Git (for example, git) and Visual Studio
2015/2017 with C++ build tools installed!
- Create and activate a virtual environment:
o Linux
python -m venv env
source ./env/bin/activate
o Windows
python -m venv env
.\env\Scripts\activate.bat
- Install the package inside the environment:
pip install deeppavlov
D. Demo Code
Link: demo.deeppavlov.ai
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- E. Discussion about chatbot demo
User Interface of chatbot is easy for everyone to experience and ask. There are many
topics to select, however the question of each topic is limited.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the knowledge acquired from the courses in FIT, along with other
documents on the Internet, we have done research applying artificial intelligence on E-
learning. Our research is divided into many parts for team members to easily study ,
especially, in terms of demo websites supported by AI technologies, we, all members in
the team do together. However, the output of this project can still be further improved. As
students who have limited experience in the study, but we are still able to deliver a
document that we can be satisfied with, the group's members will continue to improve our
knowledge to deliver the better research document in the future.
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