Tài liệu miễn phí Sức khỏe phụ nữ
Download Tài liệu học tập miễn phí Sức khỏe phụ nữ
Complications of Common Gynecologic Surgeries among HIV-InfectedWomen in the United States
In order to deal with the many challenges in Northern Uganda, such as poverty and discrimination against women, AWARE utilizes several strategies to empower women. The encourage women to be part of a rotating loan scheme as they have found that rotating loans and subsequent economic empowerment enhance women’s decision-making power in the household. AWARE also holds dialogues with Local Councils to encourage the council to give women land, and to take other measures to reduce discrimination against women. As a result of their multi-layered approach, women now receive letters from Local Councils to...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Gynecological Tumors
Gynecological cancers as a group comprise approximately 11% of female cancer. 1 In the United States, it is estimated that nearly 80,720 women will be diagnosed in 2009 with gynecological cancers and that approximately 28,120 women will die as a result of these cancers (accounting for 10%of all cancer-related deaths in women). Gynecological cancers are typically diagnosed by history, physical examination, and selected imaging studies. There has been an increasing use of PET using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for staging and restaging of these cancers, as well as for assessing response to therapy. ...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Gynecological and Related Morbidities among Ever- MarriedOmaniWomen
Jennifer Peterson was 35 and pregnant when she discovered a lump in her breast. Tests showed she had invasive breast cancer. 21 The cancer and its treatment, separate and apart from the pregnancy, were a threat to her health. A health exception recognizes the added threat to her health posed by pregnancy during the onset and treatment of her cancer, while without such an exception Jennifer would have been forced to continue her dangerous pregnancy. About one in 3,000 pregnant women also has breast cancer during her pregnancy, and for these women, a health exception is absolutely...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
FIGO Staging of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: A Critical Review and Proposal
Gilda Restelli was nearly 30 weeks pregnant when doctors discovered that her fetus had only fragments of a skull and almost no brain. Medical experts told Gilda and her husband that their baby had almost no chance of survival after birth. She quit her job, not because she was physically incapacitated, but because she could no longer bear the hearty congratulations of strangers who were unaware of the tragic circumstances surrounding her pregnancy. The Restellis made the agonizing decision to end the pregnancy, and even though state law included a health exception, the couple had to battle...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Social Determinants of Urban Indian Women’s Health Status
Anti-choice activists already succeeded in changing the legal standards for assessing restrictions on a woman’s right to choose; in Casey (1992), the court abandoned the most exacting standard of legal review applied to fundamental rights, “strict scrutiny,” and instead implemented the less protective standard of asking merely whether a restriction imposes an “undue burden” on a woman’s right to choose. 33 A second avenue of attack on Roe is to restrict or eliminate altogether its protections for women’s health. Anti-abortion activists consider the protection of women’s health to be a “loophole” that must be closed. As they see...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Sexuality Issues and Gynecologic Care of Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities
Women’s nutritional conditions differ widely among and within countries. Such conditions are worst in the less-developed regions and countries of the world, where poverty, social disparities, discrimination, and different kinds of malnutrition affect large populations. The nutritional and health status of women may be severely impaired in societies where the political and cultural context allows extreme conditions of subordination, as well as in those countries where the threat of hunger persists because of political conflicts, migration, environmental degradation, or natural disasters. On the other hand, not all women who live in developing countries experience nutritional problems in the same way,...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
American Academy of Physician Assistants: SPECIALTY PRACTICE
Experts have made recommendations to incorporate nutrition as an essential component of primary health care, stressing that programs to deal with women’s nutritional problems must be based on a life cycle approach. The nutritional needs of women substantially change during the different stages of their lives. A life cycle approach allows a better recognition of specific nutritional needs at every stage of women’s lives, as well as a more comprehensive understanding of the cumulative effects of poor nutrition on women’s health. In many countries, the nutritional deficiencies that affect thousands of women are still neglected. Most of the...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
During the last decades, global organizations and women’s rights advocates have called on governments to recognise the multiple determinants of women’s health, and there has been a growing consensus about the need to integrate and widen health services to respond to a broad variety of problems affecting them. Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of women’s well- being, and women’s right to full and equal access to health care, including adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, has been recognised at many international conferences, including the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the 1987 International Conference on...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
3rd Croatian Congress on Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery
There is no doubt that the protection of women during pregnancy and lactation must be one of the major priorities of health systems and social policies. The effect of women’s nutritional status on pregnancy outcomes is particularly strong, and adequate maternal nutrition is closely related to the survival and well-being of babies and children. However, not all women are mothers, and their nutritional and health needs go far beyond motherhood and reproduction. Women of all ages in developing countries face elevated risks of nutritional deficiencies. Therefore much more attention should be paid to the nutritional needs...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
The Significance of Privatization and Commercialization Trends for Women’s Health
Research has suggested a link between nutritional deficiencies in early (including prenatal) life, and the development of chronic diseases—cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, cancer, and osteoporosis, among others—some decades later (World Health Organization 2000a, 2000b; Jacoby 2004). A possible link between early nutritional deficiencies and obesity has also been suggested, and it remains an area of ongoing research (Pan American Health Organization 2003). These associations are especially relevant for women, since they generally live longer than men, and therefore the complications and disabilities that result from these kinds of diseases are much more common among elderly women....
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
To establish an Office on Women’s Health within the Department of Health and Human Services
Undernutrition affects large populations of boys and girls in developing countries. Its major determinant is poverty, which usually combines with other important factors like poor breastfeeding practices and inadequate complementary foods for babies, as well as lack of basic health care, safe water and sanitation. Globally, about 150 million children under five years are undernourished, which comprises 27% of the world’s population in this age group. Twelve million of these children die every year, and protein-energy malnutrition is implicated in more than 55% of all these deaths. Undernourished children are much more likely to get sick and die from...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
National Aboriginal Health Organization E-Bulletin
The impact of undernutrition on young girls has received special attention. In many parts of the world, poverty often interacts with sociocultural factors that make girls and adult women less favoured than men. Female infants and children commonly receive less medical care and also less and lower-quality food than male children. In a number of countries in the developing world, these discriminatory attitudes result not only in higher rates of protein- energy malnutrition among girls but also in an excess of mortality among them (Gómez 1993; United Nations Children’s Fund 1998, 1999). Undernourished girls are likely to...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
To improve the health of women through the establishment of Offices of Women’s Health within the Department of Health and Human Services
Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy usually lead to intrauterine growth retardation, which is one of the main causes of foetal and infant undernutrition in developing countries. Every year, 30 million newborns, or 23% of 126 million births per year, are affected by intrauterine growth retardation; by contrast, in developed countries the rate is only about 2% (World Health Organization 2000a). A significant proportion of infant mortality, in particular within the first month of life, is also attributable to poor maternal health and nutrition during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period (United Nations Children’s Fund 1999). ...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Clinical trials in gynecological cancer
Specific micronutrient deficiencies may affect maternal and foetal health. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy may cause foetal brain damage and mental retardation in infants. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk in pregnant women of infection and anaemia, may cause blindness during pregnancy and early lactation, and has been associated to an elevated risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission. Folate deficiency may cause severe foetal neural tube defects like anencephaly and spina bifida. Iron deficiency weakens the maternal body, impairs intrauterine growth and increases the risk of both maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality (World Health Organization 2000a). ...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Soy connection fact Sheet by the united Soybean board
Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional problems affecting women in developing countries, where iron deficiency usually combines with other micronutrient deficiencies such as folate and vitamin B. In addition, the diet of the poorest populations is often monotonous and mainly based on staple foods, which are low in iron and contain absorption inhibitors. Other important factors involved in the occurrence of anaemia include malaria and hookworm infestations, chronic infections such as HIV, and congenital conditions like sickle cell disease, among others. Available data indicate that in developing countries the prevalence rates of anaemia among women of ...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Gynecologic Surgical Site Infections: Simple Strategies for Prevention
The poor nutritional status of women in developing countries has been associated with maternal mortality. Maternal deaths do not result from malnutrition alone, however, but mainly from a lack of access to obstetric care and from previous conditions that may be aggravated by poor nutrition. For example, maternal deaths caused by obstructed labour are more common in malnourished adolescents and young women with a short stature and small pelvic size; and deaths resulting from haemorrhage during childbirth and the immediate postpartum period may be associated with severe anaemia (Rush 2000). ...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Magnetic resonance imaging and gynecological devices
In a number of developing countries, obesity currently affects all income groups of adult men and women, but it is rapidly increasing among poor urban populations. The increase in obesity in these countries is attributed to the conjunction of complex societal factors, such as urbanization, economic growth and modernization, globalisation of food markets, and changes in diet and physical activity patterns. In many cities of the developing world, diet has become higher in fats, refined sugars and processed foods, and the consumption of relatively cheaper but higher-calorie, lower-nutrient foods has been progressively adopted by poor populations. These changes in diet...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
IMPROVING WOMEN'S HEALTH IN SOUTH AFRICA
Obesity is a chronic disease, and its consequences include an elevated risk of premature death and a variety of serious health problems such as heart disease, hypertension and stroke, diabetes, cancer, osteoarthritis, and accidents, among others (World Health Organization 1997, 2000a). An estimated 35 million deaths from chronic diseases were expected to occur worldwide in 2005, with 80% of them in low-income and middle-income developing countries. Along with tobacco smoking and physical inactivity, obesity is responsible for many of these deaths among adults aged 30-69 years (Strong et al. 2005). Obesity is also associated with nonfatal but debilitating conditions...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
WOMEN’S HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE REFORM
It has been documented, for example, that high maternal pre-pregnancy weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are often associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including greater risks of gestational diabetes, childbirth complications, caesarean sections, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and post-partum obesity. Women with severe (morbid) obesity are more likely to experience even poorer outcomes such as stillbirths or neonatal deaths. Studies have shown that obesity is frequently associated with hormonal and menstrual disorders, as well as with polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, and higher risks of endometrial, ovarian, cervical, and breast cancer. It has also been reported that obesity may reduce the...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Women and Health Learning Package Developed by The Network: TUFH Women and Health Taskforce Second edition, September 2006
The current nutritional and health profiles of the Mexican population reflect notable failures in the field of social policies. Protein-energy malnutrition and infectious diseases are still relevant public health matters among poor rural and urban populations, and they remain common causes of death during infancy and childhood, and even later in life. By contrast, overweight and obesity affect a large proportion of the adult urban population and are rapidly increasing among young children and lower income groups; over the last decades, the high prevalence rates of obesity have been a major factor in the increase of chronic diseases, which...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
THOMSON REUTERS MASTER JOURNAL LIST
Available information shows that the nutritional status of Mexican women differs widely within the country, according to geographical regions, urban and rural areas, and income groups. Nutritional deficiencies, anaemia and stunting, for example, are more common in poor women who live in the less-developed regions of the country, in rural and indigenous communities or in marginal urban areas. On the other hand, overweight and obesity currently affect women of all income groups, but rates are higher in the more economically advanced regions and big cities. Available information also shows that women’s nutritional needs seem to remain far too low on...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Abortion Bans Without Exceptions Endanger Women’s Health
Roe v. Wade stands as a milestone to women’s freedom and equality, and one of its most fundamental tenets is that a woman’s health must always be protected. Yet 39 years after the Supreme Court recognized the right to choose and the vital importance of women’s health, 1 attacks on women’s privacy, and on health protections in particular, continue. Time after time, anti-choice lawmakers vote down proposed health exceptions to abortion restrictions, 2 and prominent anti-choice leaders openly state their opposition to protecting women’s health. 3 And perhaps most ominously, with the addition of George W. Bush’s appointees Chief...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Women and Physical Activity
Tumor markers are secreted, released, or leaked into the interstitial fluids, and thus into the lymph, and finally (or directly) into the bloodstream, where they become detectable in serum samples. To be able to enter the bloodstream directly, larger molecules, often proteins, are cleaved into truncated forms or fragments, which are sometimes specific to the protease micro-environment of the tumor. Tumor markers can be associated with patient diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management, and follow-up. Ideally, a serum marker would only appear in the blood of patients with a true malignancy; the marker would correlate with tumor stage and response to...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Gynecological Endocrinology
Recent advances in clinical proteomics have propelled us into an exciting period of discovery of new cancer biomarkers, although the available proteomic technologies have their limitations. The principles of proteomic technology require stringent guidelines for the collection of clinical material, the application of analytical techniques, and for our interpretation of the data. In this review, we present an overview of the serum tumor markers in current use. A lack of sensitivity and specificity has, so far, given most of the tumor markers in current use an unsatisfactory predictive value. We will discuss the novel biomarkers of the future, where...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Women's Health Problems in Pakistan
Screening for cervical cancer with cervical cytology reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by more than 50% over the past 30 years in the United States [8]. However, it is estimated that 50% of the women in whom cervical cancer is diagnosed each year will have never had cervical cytology testing [8]. One approach for further reducing the incidence and the mortality of cervical cancer would be to increase the screening rates among groups of women at highest risk, who currently are not being screened. Another would be the establishment of appropriate serum testing for the early...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Non-gynecological cytology on liquid-based preparations
The significance and potential of the protocol go well beyond Africa. The treaty affirms reproductive choice and autonomy as a key human right and contains a number of global firsts. For example, it represents the first time that an international human rights instrument has explicitly articulated a woman’s right to abortion when pregnancy results from sexual assault, rape, or incest; when continuation of the pregnancy endangers the life or health of the pregnant woman; and in cases of grave fetal defects that are incompatible with life. Another first is the protocol’s call for the prohibition of harmful...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Women and Alcohol: A WOMEN’S HEALTH RESOURCE
Sub-Saharan Africa has the worst indicators of women’s health—particularly of reproductive health—of any world region. These indicators include the highest number of HIV-positive women and the highest infant, maternal, and HIV-related death rates worldwide. The ability of a woman to make her own decisions regarding her body and her reproductive life are key to improving these indicators. The protocol can help advocates pressure governments to address the underlying social, political, and health-care issues that contribute to the dismal state of women’s health throughout the continent. This briefing paper offers concrete suggestions for women’s health and rights advocates within...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
The Women’s Health Diet
Although the African Charter is the primary treaty providing a framework for human rights in the region, its provisions on women’s rights are largely seen as ineffective and inadequate. The charter recognizes and affirms women’s rights in three provisions. First, article 18(3) requires states parties to “ensure the elimination of every discrimination against women and also ensure the protection of the rights of the woman.”4 Second, article 2 provides that the rights and freedoms enshrined in the charter shall be enjoyed by all, irrespective of race, ethnic group, color, sex, language, national and social origin, economic status,...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
Royal College of General Practitioners Curriculum Statement 10.1
The Council of Women World Leaders is a network of current and former prime ministers, presidents and cabinet ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest–level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development. Through its networks, summits, and partnerships, the Council promotes good governance and gen- der equality, and enhances the experience of democracy globally by increasing the number, effectiveness, and visibility of women who lead their countries. ...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00
To establish an Office on Women’s Health within the Department of Health and Human Services, and for other purposes
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health is the only accredited school of public health in New York City and is among the first in the nation. Its students and multidisciplinary faculty members engage in research, both locally and globally, concentrating on biostatistics, environmental health sci- ences, epidemiology, health policy and management, population and family health, and sociomedical sciences. In the field of global health, the Mailman School has played a leadership role in improving delivery of health services through such programs as its Averting Maternal Death and Disability (AMDD) program, its MTCT–Plus Initiative and other AIDS programs, and through its involvement in the UN Millennium Project Task Forces...
8/30/2018 1:56:48 AM +00:00