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INDIA CHEM 2010: SUSTAINING THE INDIA ADVANTAGE
The house has a cement block, crawl space foundation. The vented volume of the crawl space is about 115 m3 . The under-floor belly volume defined by the floor joists and the metal frame is approximately 65 m3 . The belly space contains the heating and cooling (HAC) supply air distribution ductwork, plumbing lines and thermal insulation and is separated from the crawl space by an insulated, woven polyethylene membrane. The attic space has a volume of 43 m3 above the vaulted ceiling. There are five roof vents and a series of eave vents extending along the...
8/30/2018 2:01:02 AM +00:00
NATIONAL STANDARD FOR ORGANIC AND BIO-DYNAMIC PRODUCE
The forced air HAC system is located off the dining area with a single return grille located in a panel of the HAC system closet. The HAC system consists of a 10.6 kW air conditioning unit and a furnace with a power input of 22.6 kW and output of 18.2 kW. The design airflow rate of the furnace fan is 470 L s -1 . A thermostat controls system operation, but the air distribution fan can be operated continuously if desired. There are local exhaust fans in the bathrooms and kitchen and a whole-house exhaust fan in the...
8/30/2018 2:01:02 AM +00:00
2012 Production Guide for Organic Strawberries
An automated data acquisition system was installed to monitor the indoor air temperatures and humidities, HAC operation, building pressures, and outdoor weather. An automated tracer-gas system for continuous monitoring of house air change rates also was installed. This system injected sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) into the house every 4 h to 6 h, allowed it to mix to a uniform concentration, and then monitored the concentration decay in several zones. Air change rates were calculated as the slope of the least squares linear regression of the natural log of the SF6 concentration in the living space. ...
8/30/2018 2:01:02 AM +00:00
Guidance for a Global Monitoring Programme for Persistent Organic Pollutants
Active sampling for VOCs and aldehydes was conducted on 12 dates between August 8, 2002 and September 25, 2003. For each sampling event, the house was operated for at least 48 h prior to sampling and during sampling at a standardized condition. In this condition, all exterior windows and doors were closed, all interior doors were open, window vents were closed, the HAC fan was operated continuously with the outdoor air intake sealed, and the indoor temperature was maintained by thermostatic control of the heating or air conditioning equipment. Air samples for VOCs and aldehydes were in...
8/30/2018 2:01:02 AM +00:00
Global Chemical Industry Compliance Programme GC-ICP
Sewage sludge has been used in agriculture over a long time. Since 1986 the utilization of sewage sludge has been subject to provisions stipulated in the EU Directive (86/278/EEC). The Directive sets out requirements with respect to the quality of sludge, the soil on which it is to be used, the loading rate, and the crops that may be grown on treated land. The European Commission considers that 86/278/EEC has been a success because there have been no reports of adverse effects wherever it has been applied. Consideration has been given to revising the directive in order to further improve...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
HEALTH RISKS OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
In the majority of cases the most direct risk would currently be considered adverse effects to consumers of crops (humans and animals) by virtue of uptake by crops or contamination of crops. An important risk at heavily amended sites is that of groundwater pollution. Many countries in Europe rely heavily on groundwater for drinking water and irrigation water. Persistent contaminants in groundwater can eventually reach and potentially pollute surface waters. According to the European Commission, the quantity of water available per human being has dropped by 40% since 1970 and two out of five people living on the planet...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW JERSEY DRINKING WATER GROUND WATER REPORT
The chemical properties of organics of health concern – hydrophobic and not water soluble - results in a low bioavailability to plants. Plant growth is dependent on the water solubility of nutrients and minerals and water is the transporting vector. Organics with a low water solubility will therefore not be taken up by plants. The presence of organic environmental pollutants, like dioxins and PCBs in agricultural crops is more the result of atmospheric deposition than direct absorption from contaminated soil. The analytical procedures for many organics are complicated and expensive – dioxins are a good example – which is an...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Top 1000 Acros Organics Products
The conclusion when analysing table 4.2-1 is that it does not make much sense to include dioxins (PCDD/F), PCBs and PAHs in routine monitoring programmes but occasionally it may be motivated with respect to the origin of the sludge. The same applies to TBT, which is indeed very toxic, but at the same time is almost non-existing in sludges because of a use (antifouling) in other contexts. There are environmental reasons for monitoring sludges for detergents like LAS and nonylphenoles because they are high volume chemicals with an extensive household and industrial use. They are also more water soluble than...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Developing sustainable value chains with smallholders
This study gives an overview of the most recent literature on the subject. There seem to be more than a thousand publications. However there are only few field data, especially from studies on soil-water and soil-plant transfer and on the long-term behaviour of conta- minants in soils. Unfortunately there are very little publications in English from some EU-countries. The study gives an overview of the conclusions of various national working groups and makes suggestions on how to direct future research activities. ...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
INDIAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY: A SECTOR STUDY
So far limit values for pollutants in sewage sludge or soils were based on background concentrations and set with the explicit political intention to avoid adverse effects. It will never be possible to derive limit values solely from scientific research. Limiting pollution so far always resulted in improvements of the environmental situation. Accordingly the continuing development of regulations is a very important matter, especially when regarded from an integrative point of view. The study tries to contribute to this attempt. We thank all the experts who helped us by sending literature, especially Prof. Dr. Leschber and the Joint Research Centre...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
INDIAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Five Year Plan – 2012-2017
This desk study was financed by the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Joint Research Centre, Ispra. It gives an overview of the occurrence of these organic compounds in sewage sludge, basic toxicological data, a review on persistence of organic contaminants in soils and risk assessments for the various pathways. The attempt was made to identifiy additional substances or substance groups which might cause hazards and should be regulated. Thus it is recommendended that the benzo(a)pyrene concentration in soil is regulated. To do the review a literature search was run in January 2001 and experts were asked for literature or references, members of ISO...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
RE-EVALUATION OF SOME ORGANIC CHEMICALS, HYDRAZINE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
The objective of waste water treatment is to prevent large quantities of substances to reach and impact the environment in high doses and concentrations. Areas of high population densitiy naturally are areas were production of sewage sludge is high (see Figure 1-1). Presently about 8 million t of sewage sludges (MAGOAROU 2000) are produced each year in the EU member states (Table 1-1). Its high content of organic materials, of nitrogen and phosphorous suggest their use as soil conditioner and fertilizer in agriculture. Consequently it is one of the EU policies to enhance sludge use in agriculture (MARMO 2000). ...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Total Volatile Organic Compounds (WOC) in Indoor Air Quality Investigations
The European Union has developed the draft of a “Working document on sludge” (EU 2000), to promote the use of sewage sludge in agriculture while improving the safety and harmonize quality standards. It proposes limit values for concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds that should restrict the use of sewage sludge in agriculture if the limits are exceeded and provides suggestions for good practice in treatment and agricultural use. The Joint Research Center’s objective with this desk study was to give an overview on the occurrence of organic compounds in sewage sludge, basic toxicological data (e.g. teratogenic, mutagenic, cancerogenic...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Environmental impacts of petroleum production: Fate of inorganic and organic chemicals in produced water from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research sites, Osage County, Oklahoma
Sewage sludge as an uncalled for product of wastewater treatment poses the challenge to society of disposing of it, but at the same time gives us the opportunity of beneficial use by closing the cycle of nutrients: sludge derived from agricultural activity must return to soil if a sustainable and ecologically sound management of these materials is desirable (SEQUI et al. 2000). At present the major ways of disposing of sewage sludges are deposition, landfill and incineration, only part of the sludges are used in agriculture. ...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
CHEMICAL WORKS ORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING WORKS
Application of sewage sludge to agricultural land may be beneficial because it can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils which may enhance crop growth (BECK et al. 1996). To achieve this, sludge application cannot just be a way of disposing of the sludges but a deliberate application in order to recycle nutrients and to restitute organic matter to soils in order to prevent over-exploitation of agricultural soils in the Community (MARMO 2000). In addition the use of sludge as a fertilizer would decrease the amounts of chemical fertilizers needed in agriculture (TIDESTRÖM 1997) and supply micro-nutrients which...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Market Opportunities and Challenges for Indian Organic Products
The major organic loading originates from human excreta, and is a complex mixture of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, lignin amino acids, sugars, celluloses, humic material and fatty acids. A large proportion of this organic material is in the form of both live and dead microorganisms which provide a large surface area (0.8-1.7 m2 g-1 ) for sorption of hydrophobic organic residues and it is within this fraction that most synthetic organic compounds are located (ROGERS 1996). Waste waters and hence sewage sludges contain a wide variety of pathogens, which can be infectious for different species of animals and plants as well...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition: Technology and Equipment
There are, actually, no formal Swedish regulations for organic contaminants in sludge. There is an informal agreement between the Swedish EPA, the Farmers Union and the Water and Wastewater Association which includes the recommendations in table 3.1-1. These agreements are based more on practical experience than on scientific data. Sweden also used to have a recommended limit value for toluene, but this has been omitted (WALLGREN 2001). The US regulation on the use of sewage sludge in agriculture does not establish numerical pollutant limits of any organic pollutants, because at least one of the following criteria applied for the...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
Organic Commodity Chemicals USITC Publication 3590
In a literature review of DRESCHER-KADEN et al. (1992) including 900 papers published since 1977, residue data about the level of organic pollutants in German sewage sludges were collected. 332 organic compounds with known or suspected toxic effects have been detected in sewage sludges, 42 of them regularly, most of them within the range of g/kg to mg/kg dry matter. Except volatile and easily degradable chemicals, the residue level increases from raw to digested sludge. Samples from rural treatment works have a more balanced residue pattern than from urban origin where the highest and also the lowest values have been...
8/30/2018 2:01:01 AM +00:00
TÍNH TOÁN BỂ LẮNG LAMELLA CHO TRẠM XỬ LÝ NƯỚC THIÊN NHIÊN CÔNG SUẤT 80.000 M3/NGĐ
Bể lắng lamen cũng giống như bể lắng thường và cũng gồm 3 vùng: Vùng phân phối nước, Vùng lắng Vùng tập trung và chứa cặn Đặc điểm bể lắng Lamen: Vùng lắng được chia thành nhiều lớp mỏng với khoảng không gian nhỏ hẹp, nhờ các tấm được đặt nghiêng. Khi dùng các tấm lượn sóng hoặc tấm phẳng thì tiện lắp ráp và quản lý hơn. Dùng các ống thì chắc chắn hơn và đảm bảo kích thước được đồng đều hơn và tốc độ dòng chảy có thể tăng hơn nhưng lại chóng bị lắng cặn,...
8/30/2018 1:53:17 AM +00:00
Kỹ thuật điều chế
•Cho phép tín hiệu thích nghi với điều kiện truyền của môi trường, ngay cả khi môi trường bị can nhiễu mà vẫn đảm bảo chất lượng tín hiệu muốn truyền đi. •Cho phép trộn nhiều kênh thông tin trên cùng một môi trường truyền. •Giảm công suất phát. •Xác suất lỗi thấp
8/30/2018 1:53:10 AM +00:00
The Competitive Status of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry
In August 1976 the Committee on Technology and International Economic and Trade Issues examined a number of technological issues and their relationship to the potential entrepreneurial vitality of the U.S. economy. The committee was concerned with: • Technology and its effect on trade between the United States and other countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); • Relationships between technological innovation and U.S. productivity and competitiveness in world trade; impacts of technology and trade on U.S. levels of employment; • Effects of technology transfer on the development of the less-developed countries (LDCs) and the impact of this transfer on U.S. trade with these nations; and • Trade and technology exports...
8/30/2018 1:53:06 AM +00:00
Chemical Micro Process Engineering
About one year ago the book “Chemical Micro Process Engineering – Fundamentals, Modelling, and Reactions” was released by the author team Hessel, Hardt and Löwe. It described the fundamentals of the new technology and presented in detail applications concerning organic and inorganic reactions as well as gas-phase reactions. Thus, it provided insights for the readers how mature are today’s micro reactors for real-world applications. What was missing is the processing before and after such experiments....
8/30/2018 1:53:06 AM +00:00
Assessment of Control Technology Options For Petroleum Refineries in the Mid-Atlantic Region Final Report
About MARAMA The Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association is an association of ten state and local air pollution control agencies. MARAMA's mission is to strengthen the skills and capabilities of member agencies and to help them work together to prevent and reduce air pollution impacts in the Mid-Atlantic Region. MARAMA provides cost-effective approaches to regional collaboration by pooling resources to develop and analyze data, share ideas, and train staff to implement common requirements. The following State and Local governments are MARAMA members: Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Philadelphia, and Allegheny County,...
8/30/2018 1:52:57 AM +00:00
Combating NOx from refinery sources using SCR by Hans Jensen-Holm and Peter Lindenhoff
Refinery SCR applications 4.1 SCR for steam cracking and reformer furnaces 4.1.1 Chromium deactivation mechanism 4.2 SCR DeNOx in fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) 4.2.1 SCR design issues 4.2.2 ABS condensation considerations 4.2.3 Catalyst selection 4.2.4 Catalyst cleaning
8/30/2018 1:52:57 AM +00:00
Giáo trình huấn luyện về an toàn nghề nghiệp vệ sinh cho lao động nước ngoài– Nghề Hoá dầu (Thạch hoá)
Tham khảo tài liệu 'giáo trình huấn luyện về an toàn nghề nghiệp vệ sinh cho lao động nước ngoài– nghề hoá dầu (thạch hoá)', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, hoá học - dầu khí phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
8/30/2018 1:49:02 AM +00:00
Performance Measurement for Health System Improvement
The provision of relevant, accurate and timely performance information is essential for assuring and improving the performance of health systems. Citizens, patients, governments, politicians, policy-makers, managers and clinicians all need such information in order to assess whether health systems are operating as well as they should and to identify where there is scope for improvement. Without performance information, there is no evidence with which to design health system reforms; no means of identifying good and bad practice; no protection for patients or payers; and, ultimately, no case for investing in the health system....
8/30/2018 1:48:39 AM +00:00
Molecular Conformations
Genetic origins of amino acids 1.1 Constituents and organisation of DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic coding scheme used by all living organisms to pass on the hereditary programme to the next generation. DNA consists of two cross-linked polynucleotide chains, having an overall length of about 2 metres, which, for eukaryotes, is stored within the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus occupies about 10% of the cell volume and is isolated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope, which consists of inner and outer bi-layer lipid membranes. This double membrane is interspersed with a significant number of pores...
8/30/2018 1:48:38 AM +00:00
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics describes, in a quantitative manner, the passage of drugs through the body. A series of distinctive parameters such as bioavailability, volume of distribution and clearance are used to describe: --The rate and extent of drug absorption into the blood stream The rate and extent of drug movement out of blood into the tissues The rate of drug removal from the body These parameters can then be used to predict the blood concentration of drug that will arise with any given dosage regime. A diverse range of students will have some exposure to PKs....
8/30/2018 1:48:38 AM +00:00
Pressure Driven Membrane Processes
This text is written to all chemical engineering students who are participating in courses about membrane processes and membrane technology. You are supposed to have the basic skills in mathematics and chemistry in general. Thus, this text is for students who have completed the basic engineering introduction courses. This text gives an introduction to principles behind pressure driven membrane processes. Relevant theory and models will be presented together with terms widely used in the world of membrane technology. ...
8/30/2018 1:48:38 AM +00:00
Process Control, Automation, Instrumentation and SCADA
A PLC or programmable controller is a computer based solid state device that controls industrial equipment and processes. Initially designed to perform the logic functions executed by relays, drum switches and mechanical timer/counters, it has been extended to analog control as well. A typical PLC system consists of a processor and an input/output system all mounted in a rack like system. The PLC system is a cost effective solution for applications with a high ratio of digital to analog points in a system. There are numerous third party vendors supplying software packages that allow the PLC to be interfaced to a PC based operator interface package....
8/30/2018 1:48:38 AM +00:00