Top-down sustainability transitions in action: How do incumbent actors drive electric mobility diffusion in China, Japan, and California?
Top-down sustainability transitions in action: How do incumbent actors drive electric mobility diffusion in China, Japan, and California?
Incumbent firms are frequently portrayed as hampering change, while managerial strategies using traditional public policy instruments remain understudied. Addressing this bias, we examine strategies used by networks of incumbent state and industry actors in China, Japan and California to accelerate the production and diffusion of battery-electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles.