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- Tìm hiểu các vấn đề cấp bách của khoa học pháp lý Việt Nam trong tiến trình xây dựng nhà nước pháp quyền: Phần 2
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- lien quan den it nhdt Id 18 ITnh v\rc chu yeu vd quan trgng nhdt trong sinh
hogl nhd nude - xd hgi dudi day.
1) Nhdm QHXH thii nhdt - nhirng vdn de lien quan den chi do hien
djnh ciia mdt qudc gia va se gdm ba ITnh vyc la: che do chinh tri (1); che
dg kinh te (2) va; che dg xd hgi (3).
2) Nhdm QHXH thu hai - nhiing van de lien quan den dia vi pheip ly
cita ed nhdn va se gdm ba ITnh vyc la: che djnh cdc quyin con ngudi (4);
che djnh nghTa vu cua edng ddn (5) va; he thdng cdc co che phdp ly de
bdo ve cae quyen hien dinh ndy d cd 2 cap dg qude gia va qudc li (6).
3) Nhdm QHXH thii ba - nhirng van de lien quan den mdt loat cdc
che djnh ve td chuc, thuc hiin vd KSQL nhd nude va se gdm ndm ITnh
vuc la: QLP (7), QHP (8), QTP (9), quyin KTrHP (10) vd; chinh quyin
dia phuong {I I).
4) NTidm QHXH thii: tu - nhung vdn de lien quan den quy trinh lap
hien vd hiiu lue cua Hien phdp va se gdm sdu ITnh vyc la: sogn thdo (12),
siea ddi (13), bd sung (14), thdng qua (15) vd cdng bd (16) Hien phdp,
ciing nhu hi^u luc (17) cua Hien phdp;
5) Va cuoi cimg, nhdm QHXH thie ndm - van de lien quan den mgt
ITnh vyc la cdc quy djnh chuyin Hep (18) de dieu chinh hieu lyc tam thdi
cua cae quy djnh phap ludt hipn hanh va tham quyen cua mgt sd chuc vu
Nhd nude thugc cdc ca quan cdng quyen trong BMQL neu khdng trai vdi
cdc quy djnh cua HPSD.
i n . CAC LUAN DIEM VE CAC Dl/THAO HIEN PHAP SU'A DOI
CUA GIAI DOAN XAY Dl/NG NHA NlfOC PHAP QUYEN
§1. Cac nghien cipu vd luat Hidn phap - ndn tang cho cac luan
diem trong hai chu'P'ng d^u cua cudn sach nay
1. Ngay tir giira nhung ndm 90 cua the ky trudc (sau khi tot nghiep NCS
bdc II vdi viec bdo vp thanh cdng luan an TSKH d Lien Xd cfl vao ngay
24/12/1993), trong thdi gian dugc mdi lam nghien cim vien khoa hgc dau
ddn d Hgc vipn cac nude A - Phi true thudc Trudng DEITHQG Maxcava
mang ten Ldmdndxdv V.M. (1994 - 1998), tdc gid cudn sach chuyen khdo
ndy dd bdt ddu cdng bd tren eac trang tap chi khoa hgc chuyen ngdnh d
Lien bang Nga (bang tieng Nga) vd sau dd, tir nam 2001 d Vict Nam - mdt
100
- loat cae bai nghien ciru de cup den .-ihung van dl vc NNPQ, td chire BMQL
nha nude (ndi ehung) va to chire QTP {noi rieng), cung nhu cdc ca che
giam sal, kiem tra, BVHP \ a CCTP (.sau day lhdng nhat ggi chung la ve
linh vice Lual hien phdp).
2. Cho din hien nay (lai thdi dilm xuat ban cudn sdch chuyen khdo nay),
trong so hem 265 edng trinh khoa hue (gdm cac sach, giao trinh vd bdi nghien
cu'u) bdng lieng Viel, Nga \ a Anh. thi cd hem 220 cdng Uinh ve ITnh vuc
TPHS (bao gdm Luat hinh sir. Luat TTHS, Luat THAHS, tdi pham hgc va
lam thdn hpc) + 46 cdng trinh ve ITiiJi vuc Lual hien phdp dudi ddy. Va chinh
46 cdng trinh nay da ddng vai trd nen tang cho nhung luan diem khoa hge co
biui ciia 2 Chutmg dau \e nhung vdn de lien quan den khoa hgc Luat hien
phap trong cudn sach chuyen khao nay, ma cu the la:
• Bang licug Nga:
1. Le Vein Cdm. Nhirng van de ddi mdi phap luat va hoan thien bd
may nlia nude d Viet Nam. Tap chi Nha nude va phap luat ciia Vien
1 Ian lam khoa hpc Nga, 1996, No 4, tr. 139 - 144.
2. Le Vdn Cant He thdng Tda an d Viet Nam. - Tap chi Tu phap
Lien bang Nga (cua Phu Tdng thdng, Bd Tu phdp va Tda an Tdi
cao Lien bang Nga), 1996, No 12, tr. 47 - 48.
3. Le Vdn Ceinu Quyen tu phdp d Vict Nam: Thuc trang va nhirng
phuang hudng ca ban ciia hge thuyet ve cdi each. - Tap chi Phap
luat & cudc sdng (ciia Hgc vien Phap ly qudc gia Maxcava),
1996, No 9, tr. 156- 163.
4. Le Vdn Cant Y ngliTa ciia viec xdy dinig nha nude phdp quyen vd
vice tdng cutnig phdp che d Viet Nam trong giai doan hipn nay. - Tap
chi Phap luat & cudc sdng, 1996, No 10, tr. 120 -125.
5. Le Van Cant Dao dire vdi tinh cdch la ca sd ciia phap ludt trong
xa hdi Viet Nam truyin thdng. - Ky yiu Hdi thdo khoa hge "Viet
Nam truyin thdng" do Trung tdm nghien ciiu Viet Nam hgc ciia
Vien nghien ciru cac nude A - Phi thugc Trudng DIITH qudc gia
Maxcava mang ten Ldmdndxdv M.V. td chuc, Quyen II.
Maxcava, 1996, tr.319 - 324.
6. Le Van Cam. He thdng Vien kiim sdt d Viet Nam vd nhirng
phuang hudng cai cdch. - Tap chi Phap che (ciia Vien Tdng
kiim sal Lien bang Nga), 1997, No 2, tr.46 - 48.
101
- 7. Le Vdn Cam. Nhirng gid trj phap luat truyen thdng cua Viet Nam
va viec hinh thdnh nhd nude phap quyin. - Tap chi Phap luat &
cugc song, 1997, No 11, tr. 148 - 157.
• Bang tieng Vi^t:
8. Le Vin Cam. Hgc thuyet ve Nhd nude phdp quyen vd thue tien ciia
nd d Lien bang Nga. NXB Sdng tao thudc Hdi Khoa hge - ky thuat
Viet Nam tai Lien bang Nga. Maxcava, 1997. (Sdch duge in bdng
tieng Viet, tdm tat ndi dung bang tieng Nga vd tilng Anh theo Quyit
djnh eua Trung tdm ngliien ciiu Viet Nam hgc - Hgc vien cae nirdc
A - Phi thudc Trudng DHTHQG Maxcava mang ten Ldmdndxdv
M.V).
9. Le Cam. Nha nude phdp quyen: Cac nguyen tdc ca ban. - Tap
ch; Nghien cim Lap phap (NCLP), sd 9 - thang 9/2001.
10. Le Cdm. Td ehirc bd may quyen lyc nha nude trong giai dotm xdy
dimg Nha nude phdp quyin Viet Nam: Mdt sd van dl ly ludn &
thuc tien. - Tap ehi NN & PL, sd 11/2001.
11. Le Cdiru Cdi each he thdng Tda an trong giai doan xdy dung nha
nude phap quyin Vipt Nam. - Tap chi NCLP, sd 4 - thang
4/2002.
12. Le Cam. Hgc thuyet ve Nhd nude phdp quyin: Mdt sd van dl ljch
sir hinh thanh va phdt triln. - Tap chi NCLP, s6 10/2002.
13. Le Cam. Nhirng vdn de ly ludn ca bdn vl quyin tu phdp trong
NNPQ. - Tap chi Tda an nhdn ddn (TAND), so 11/2002.
14. Le Cam. Nliirng van de ly luan cdp bdeh vl cai cdch tu phdp can
dugc trien khai nghien cuu trong khoa hgc phap ly Viet Nam hipn
nay. - Tap chi Kiim sat, 7/2003.
15. Le Cant Khoa hgc phap ly Viet Nam trudc yeu cau ciia cdng cudc cdi
each tu phdp d nude ta hien nay. - Tap chi Khoa hgc (Chuyen san
Kinh tl - Ludt) thudc DHQGHN, sd 2/2003.
16. Ll: Cam. Cai cdch tu phdp d Viet Nam trong giai doan xdy dung
NT^JPQ: Mdt sd vdn dl chung. - Tap chi Khoa hgc thugc
DHQGHN, sd 3/2003.
102
- 17. Le Ceinu Td ehirc va ihuc hien quyen luc nha nuiic trong nha nude
phap quyen: Nhung van dl vl ca chi kiem tra vd gidm sat. - Trong
sach: Guiin sal va ca che uuini sal \iee ihuc hien quyen lyc nhd nude
d nude la hien nay (Saeh chuyen khao do GS.TSKH. Ddo Tri Uc vd
PGS.TS. Vd Klu'inh Vinh ddng ehii hien). NXB Cdng an nhdn ddn, I la
Ndi, 2003.tr. 487-499.
18. Le Cdm vd Nguyen Ngge C///'(Ddng chu bien). Cdi each tu phap
a Viet Nam trong giai doan xay dung Nhd nude phdp quyen.
NXB Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ncii, 2004.
19. Le Cdm. Ban vl to ehirc quyen tu phap ndi dung co ban cua
chiln luge cai each tu phap din nam 2020. - Tap chi Kiem sat,
.so 23-thang 12/2005.
20. Le Cdm. Cac nguyen idc ca ban ciia cai each tu phdp trong giai
doan xdy dung Niia nude phap quyen, - Tap chi TAND, sd 01 -
thdng 1/2006.
21. Le Cdm. Nhung vdn dl ehii yeu ciia cdng cudc cdi each tu phap
trong giai doan xdy dung Nhd nude phdp quyen Viet Nam. - Tap
chi TAND, sd 3 - thang 2/2006.
22. Le Cdm. Cai each cac ca quan tien hanh td tyng vd cdc co quan
thi hdnh dn hinh sy trong giai doan xdy dyng Nhd nude phap
quyin. - Tap chi Nghe Ludt, sd 2/2006.
23. Le Cdm. Td ehirc quyin tu phap - yeu td quan trpng nhdt dam
bdo cho thdnh cdng ciia chien luge cai cdch tu phdp den nam
2020. Tap chi NN & PL, s6 5/2006.
24. Li: Vdn Cant Quyin lu phap, he thdng tu phdp, boat ddng tu phap,
CO quiui tu phdp vd cdi each tu phap trong giai doan xay dung Nhd
nude phdp quyin. - Trong Ky yiu "Khoa Ludt tryc thugc Dai hge
Qudc gia Hd Ndi - 30 ndm tmyin thdng (1976 - 2006)". NXB Cdng
an nhan dan. Hd Ndi. 2006, tr.299 - 333.
25. Le Vdn Cant Vai trd ciia xa hdi ddn su doi vdi Nlid nude phdp quyen.
- Tap ehi NN & PL so 12/2007.
26. Le Van Cdm, Nguyin Khiic Heii Kiim tra Hiin phdp bdng Tda
an vd vdn dl thirc thi chi djnh nay trong tien trinh cai each tu
103
- phdp eiia Viet Nam. - Ky yiu Hdi thdo Quoc tl vl bdo hiin.
NXB Thiri dai, Hd Ndi, 2009. tr.349 - 364.
27. Le Van Cdm. Md hinh ly ludn eiia cdc kien gidi lap phap cu tlie
trong Dy thdo Ludt "Ve Tda dn Hiin pheip Viet Nam". - Ky yeu
Hdi thdo Quoc tl da dan, tr.365 - 372.
28. Le Van Cdm. Che djnh kiem tra Hien phdp trong nhd nude phap
quyen vd md hinh ly luan ve viec td ehirc thye thi chi djnh nay d
Viet Nam. - Tap ehi NN & PL, sd 5/2009.
29. Le Vdn Cdm, Duong Bd Thdnh. Quyin lap phap trong Nha nuac
phap quyen: Khdi niem, chuc ndng va vai trd. - Tap chi NN &
PL, sdl 1/2009.
30. Le Vein Cdm, Dirontg Bd Thdnh. Ca chi kiim sodt quyin luc lap
phdp d nude ta hien nay: Thyc trang vd gidi phdp hoan thien
trong giai doan xdy dung Nhd nude phdp quyin Viet Nam. - Tap
chi Khoa hgc (Chuyen san Ludt hgc) thudc Dai hgc Quoc gia Hd
Ndi, sd 04/2009.
31. l e Vdn Cdm, Duong Bd Thdnh. Co ehl kiim soat quyin luc nha
nude (vd ca quyin lap phdp) trong nhd nude phdp quyin: Mdt so
vdn de ly ludn ca bdn. - Tap chi NCPL, so 01 - thang 01/2010.
32. Le Ciim. Suy ngam ve he thdng Tda an trong cdng cugc cdi cdch
d Viet Nam duong dai. - Tap chi Kiim sdt, sd 06 - thdng 3/2010
&sd 7-thdng 4/2010.
33. Le Vdn Cdm. Sira doi Hiin phdp ndm 1992 - co edu chung va cdc
quy djnh co bdn ve td chuc bd may quyin luc nha nude. - Tap
chi NCPL, sd 22 thdng 11/2010.
34. Le Van Cdm, Dumtg Bd Thdnh. Co ehl kiim soat quyin luc tu
phdp trong nhd nude phap quyin: Mdt sd van dl ly ludn ca ban
vd thuc trang d Viet Nam. - Tap chi NN & PL, so 12/2010.
35. Le Van Cam, Nguyen Cdnh Hop. Cdc quy pham biln djnh vl
quyen lap phdp trong giai doan xdy dyng nhd nircre phdp quyin
Viet Nam. - Tap chi NCLP, sd 5 - thdng 3/2011.
36. Le Vdn Ciim, Nguyen Cdnh Hop. Thyc trang td chuc, thyc hien
vd kiem sodt quyin lyc nhd nude d Viet Nam. - Tap ehi NN &
PL, sd 5/2011.
104
- 37. Le Vdn Cdm, Nguyin Huy Phiivng. 7 oa an la trung tdm, xet xir
Id trgng lam irong id Uini' liinh sir meo linh than cdi cdch tu
phdp. - Tap chi TAND, sd 9 - thang 5/20 11.
38. Le Vdn Ciim, Nguyin Kheic Hdi Td chi:c bd mdy quyen lue nha
nude trong xay dung nha nircrc phap .juytMi Vict Nam dudi anh
sang tu tirirng llo Chi Minh. - Tap ch.i NCLP, sd 12 - thdng
6/2011.
39. Le Van Cdm, Trinh Tiin Viet, Nguyin Khdc Hdi. Gdc quy djnh
ca bdn ve quyen lu phap trong Hien phap ciia giai doan xdy dyng
nlid nude phap quyen Viel Nam. - Tap chi Khoa hgc (Chuyen
san Luat hgc) thudc Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, sd 02/2011.
40. Le Vdn Cdm. Ban vl quyen tu phap trong Hien phdp Viet Nam
sira ddi. - Trong: liien phap: Nhung van de ly ludn va thyc tien
(Sdch chuyen khao). NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Hd Ndi, 2011,
tr.881 -899.
4 1 . 1 ^ Van Cdm, Vii Viin Hudn. Co che kiem sodt quyen lyc nlid nude
trong Hien phap ciia giai doan xdy dimg Nha nude phap quyen Viet
Nam. Trong: Hien phap: Nhung vdn de ly ludn va thyc tien (SCK).
NXB Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2001, tr.949 - 966.
42. Le Van Cdm, Vii Vdn Hudn. Hien phap vdi viec td chuc bd may
quyin luc nhd nude trong giai doan xdy dyng Nhd nude phdp
quyin Viet Nam. - Tap chi NCLP, so 1+ 2 - thdng 1/2012.
43. Le Van Ciim, Nguyen Hong Dim. Cac quy pham hien djnh ve he
thdng Vien kiem .§al nhan dan trong giai doan xdy dung Nha
nude phdp quyin. - Tap chi Kiem sat, sd 3 (Tdn xudn) - thang
2/2012.
44. Le Vdn Cam. Cdu triic, mirc dp va tinh chat ciia Hien phdp sira
ddi trong giai doan xay dung Nhd nude phdp quyen. - Tap chi
Kiem sat, sd 9 - thang 5/2012.
45. Le Van Cdm, Vii Van HuHii. Ca chi kiim soat quyen lyc nha
nude va mpt sd kien gidi lap hien trong giai doan xdy dung Nha
nude phap quyen Vipt Nam. - Tap chi NN & PL, sd 6/2012.
105
- 46. Le Vdn Cdm. Co che kiem sodt quyen luc nhd nude bang he
thdng Vien kiem sdt d Vipt Nam trong bdi cdnh sua dcii lliln
phdp hipn nay - Tap chi Kiim sat, sd 13 - thdng 7/2012.
§2. SLF hinh thanh v^ ph^t trien cua cac y tu'O'ng v§ vi?c so^n
thao Hien phap sira do!
1. Coi nguon ciia vi?c soan thao HPSD. Tot nghiep cir nhan Luat theo
chuyen ngdnh Lugt Nhd nude (hay cdn ggi la Ludt biln phap) d Lien Xd
cu (ndm 1982), nhung sau dd do yeu cdu cdng tac d Vu nghien cim phdp
ludt (nay la Vien Khoa hgc xet xu) - TANDTC (1982 - 1987), tac gia
cuon sach chuyen khao nay lue bay gid da bdo ve ludn dn Tiln sy (ndm
1987) va sau dd bdo vp baan an Tiln sy khoa hgc (nam 1993) theo chuyen
nganh Ludt hinh sy deu d Lien Xd cii. Tuy nhien, sau khi bao vp ludn an
TSKH, dl giir diing Idi hua vdi ngudi thdy hudng dan khda ludn tot
nghiep cir nhdn Ludt la theo dudi chuyen ngdnh Ludt Nha nude (luc Lu$t
Hien phap) nen tae gid bat ddu quay trd lai tilp tyc quan tam din chuyen
ngdnh md minh da say me tir thdi ky cdn Id sinh vien Dai hgc (1976 -
1982) d Lien Xd cii. Vi vay, sau khi bdo v? xong ludn an Tiln sy khoa
hgc (12/1993), tdc gia da dugc mdi lam nghien cim vien khoa hpc dau
ngdnh d Hgc vien cdc nude A - Phi thupe Trudng Dai hgc Tong hgp
Qudc gia Maxcava mang ten M.V. Ldmdndxdv d LB Nga (1994 - 1998).
Chinh trong thdi gian nay d Maxcava, tac gia da may mdn cd dugc nhiiu
thuan lgi trong vipc nghien eiiai sau vl Ludt to tung biln phdp nen trong
nhirng ndm 1996 - 1997 da cdng bd 6 bai nghien cuu vl NNPQ, QTP, td
chuc BMQL nhd nude, CCTP, ciing nhu cdc co quan Tda dn vd Vi^n
kiim sdl 6 Vipt Nam (bdng tilng Nga) tren cac tap chi KHPL chuyen nganh
cua Lien bang Nga (Xem cu thi: Cac cdng trinh 1 - 4 vd 6 - 7 thugc Danh
mue da neu tren day). Sy may mdn nay cd dugc la do mgt nhdn duyen tinh cd
tao nen cudc gdp gd vdi hai ngudi con yeu nude ciia hai dan tdc anh em (Vipt
Nam va Nga d Maxcava (LB Nga) vdo ddu nSm 1994) ma tdc gid sdch
chuyen khdo nay khdng bao gid quen dugc, cy the la:
1.1. TS. Vd Vdn Hdng- nhd kinh te hge, mdt doanh nghiep tai ba va
ndi lieng nhdt ciia edng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d LB Nga, Chu tjch Tong
Cdng ty thuang mai Ben Thdnh - Maxcava (LB Nga), ngudi da cd nhung
y tudng khoa-hpc kinh te sdc sao ve mdt nin kinh tl da dang, nhiiu thdnh
phdn md nhirng y tudng ndy da dugc tu vdn eho nguyen Tong bi thu
106
- BCHTW Dang - ddng ehi Do Mm'ii va sau do ^Li dugc Dang ghi nlidn la
ddng vien duge phep lam kinh te. \ i trong r.h..ng nam 1994 - 1998 day
khd khan vl kinh le cua LB Ni-a. liong khi s(;ng song him cdng tdc
NCKH (theo Idi mdi cua phia LB N'l-a) lac gia cuon sach chuyen khdo
nay da ddng thdi dugc TS. Vd Vdn Hdng mdi lam Cd van phdp ludt cho
Tdng cdng ty Bin Thanh (noi ma ciing vdi i SKH. Li Vdn Cdm, cdn cd 1
GS.TSKH., 1 PGS. va ban 3(J TS. nua la ngudi Viet Nam d Maxcava dd
dugc anh Hdng giiip dd vl kinh ll de lao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viee
NCKH eiia hg).
1.2. cd GS.TSKH. .Xavitxki V.M. - hie bdy gid la Dai dien toan quyen
ciia Tdng thdng LB Nga lai Tda an Hien phap LB Nga ddng thdi kiem
Trudng ban nhiing van de ly luan ve boat ddng tu phdp ciia Vien Nhd
nude va phdp luat thudc Vien Han lam khoa hoc LB Nga (dng ciing la
ngudi hudng dan khoa hpc luan dn PTS Lual hoc ciia Phd Chii tjch Lien
doan Ludt su Viet Nam hien nay, PGS. TS. Phgm Hdng Hdi). Tdc gid
cudn saeh ndy liic bay gid da cd nhieu djp den thdm cdn hd rieng eiia
GS.TSKH. Xavitxki V.M. dl dam dao, trao ddi nhiiu vl co ehl BVHP
trong NNPQ va da ITnh hdi dirge nhieu y tudng khoa hgc quy bdu ve td
tung Hien phdp va TTHS ciia dng.
Sau khi vl nude lam viec d Khoa Ludt tryc thudc DHQGHN, vao
nhiing nam dau ciia thi ky XXI (2001 - 2/2007), miic dii liic dd dang ban
Idm cdng tdc qudn ly tren cuang vi la Chu nliipm Khoa (2000 - 2008)
nhung tdc gia cung da tiep tuc cdng bd them ban 10 bai viet nua ve
nhirng van dl dd neu (Xem cu the ban: Cac cdng trinh tu 9 den 20 thudc
Danh mue da neu tren day).
2. Nhiing tien de khoa hpc dau tien cho vice soan thao HPSD. Tuy
nhien, cdn phdi khdng djnh rdng, nhieng lien ele eldu Hen ciia cdc y tudng
khoa hgc vl soan thao HPSD da dugc tac gia ciia nd ddi nin mong di triin
kliai ngay sau khi Dai hdi Dang lan tliu X (2006) chinh thirc dua ra luan diem
chi dao rat tiln bg vd dan chii vl vice "Xdy dung ca chi phdn quyit vi nhiing vi
phgm Hiin phdp trong hoett dgng lap phdp, hdnh phdp vd tuphdp" cita BMQL
nhd nude (Xem cu thi: Van kien Dai hpi dai bieu todn qude lan thir X.
NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2006, tr.l27). Va sau nay, chiing tdi
dugc bill ngudi da tham muu cho vice dua luan diem chi dao rdt tien bd
va ddn chii vi Td qudc vd nhdn dan de xay dung co che BVHP bang
107
- nlianh QTP nay vdo vdn kien quan trgng nhat eiia Dai hdi X (2006) chinh
la nhd khoa hgc - luat gia hdng ddu ciia Vipt Nam - GS. TSKH. ddu tien
cua Vipt Nam vl ludt hgc Ddo Tri Uc (liic dd Id Phd Chu tjch kiem Tdng
Thu ky Hdi Luat gia Vipt Nam). Vd tilp theo, trong khodng thdi gian ban
mdt ndm rudi kl tir thdi dilm sau Dai hdi X (2006) din trudc Dai hdi XI
(thdng 5/2009 - thang 12/2010), tac gia sdch chuyen khdo ndy da tilp tyc
cong bd them 10 cdng trinh niia ve nhirng van dl dd neu, cung nhu vl
KSQL nhd nude, KTrHP va, CCTP (Xem cu thi: Cac cdng trinh 24 - 31,
33 va 35 thudc Danh mue da neu tren ddy).
3. Cong bo Du- thdo Hien phap (siia doi lan thii- 2) dau tien tren
cac trang sach bao phap ly Vi?t Nam (thang 11/2010) trudc them Dai
hoi Diing lan thir XI. Theo quy luat phdt trien tat yeu ciia cudc sdng, liic
bay gid vdi mdt sy linh cam ty nhien rdng, dl ludn dilm mang tinh ehi
dao rat tien bg, ddn chii cua Dai hdi Dang Idn thiir X (2006) cd thi dugc
triln khai tren thyc tl, thi nhdt djnh Dai hdi Ddng tilp theo se phai ddt ra
vdn de SDHP, cdn neu khdng ludn dilm dd se chi la nhirng Idi hoa my
mang tinh tuyen ngdn va mdi mai tren gidy md khdng bao gid cd thi di
vao cupc song dugc. Chinh vi thi, vdo thdng 4/2010, mdc dii vdn de
SDHP mdri chi dugc de cap trong Du thdo cdc vdn kien ciia BCHTW dy
kien trinh Dai hgi XI, nhung ngay sau dd 7 thdng, km ddu tien trong
KHPL Viet Nam (vdo thang 11/2010) tac gid sach chuyen khdo nay da
dua ra mgt Du thdo HPSD vdi nhung KGLH cy the vl ea cau chung va
ten ggi cy thi cua 7 Phan, 42 Chuong vdi tdng sd 190 Diiu (Xem cu the:
Cdng trinh 33 thudc Danh mue da neu tren ddy).
4. Tranh thu tri tuf tap the theo tinh than do^n ket rgng rSi cQa tu
tu-6-ng Ho Chi Minh. Tilp theo, vao thang 1/2011, Dai hgi Dang toan qude Idn
thir XI da chinh thirc dua ra ludn dilm mang tinh chi dao vl viec SDHP ndm
1992 va Idn dau tien (sau 20 ndm ke tir Cuang ITnh nam 1991) Ddng ciing da
khdng djnh sy can thiet cua cac nguyen tdc tiln bg va dan chu nhu: chii quyin
cua nhdn ddn cao hon chit quyen ciia Nhd nude, nhdn ddn Id chu thi tdi cao
cua quyin lue Nhd nude va KSQL nhd nude trong hogl ddng ciia bg mdy cvng
quyin (Xem cu the: wTL 3, tr.247). Vi vdy, sau khi trao ddi va nhdn dugc sy
ddng y tliam gia ciia mgt sd ddng nghiep cd quan tdm din boat ddng NCKH,
trong mdt Die dn khoa hgc vl SDHP (hipn dang triln khai) vdi ten gpi "SDHP
vd Id chiec BMQL nhd nude Vi^t Nam trong giai doctn xdy dimg NNPQ elteeri
dnh sdng tu ludng Hd Chi Minh ", tac gid saeh chuyen khao nay da quyit djnh
108
- md rdng pham vi nhdm llianh vien ihaim gia ngliicn ei.ai ele leto ra su lien kit
rang rdi hern nira Irong qud Irinh nghien cieu vdi cac can bd giang day -
NCKI I, cae can bd thuc lien va cac can bg hoat ddng xa hgi tu mdt sd ca quan,
td chuc thudc ba khoi: 1) Cac I rudng f3ai hpc \a \ien NCXH; 2) Cdc co quan
ciia bd may cdng quyen lliude ha nhinh quyen lue Niid nude - QLP, QHP,
QTP va; 3) Cae td chire xa hdi. Ly do ciia vice ma rdng pham vi ngliien cim la
nhdm mue dich tren ca sd nhimg vdn de da dugc tac gid soan tlido trong sdch
chuyen khdo ndy se gdp phan lam simg td nhung van de ly luan ve, ddng thdi
mong mudn se tilp tuc so;m ihao nhimg KGLH cu thi vd deiy du hon nica (so
vdi nhung dl xuat trong sach chuyen khao nay) tucTug img vdi eac quy djnh
trong cae Die iheio HPSD va dua ra cac phuong an khac nhau ve md hinh td
chuc BMQL nlia nude Viet Nam de cho Dang, Nha nude vd Qudc hdi tham
khdo. Vd trong thdi gian 1 nam ke tir khi cdng bd lan dau tien Du thdo I HPSD
(thang ll/20i0j din nay (thang 9/2012), lac gia sach chuyen khao nay da
chinli sua lai cdc Du theio HPSD \a cd tliem ban 10 bai viet niia ve td ehirc
BMQL nlid nude va SDI IP (Xem cu the: Cac cdng trinh khoa hgc 32 vd 36
- 46 thudc Danh mue dudi day).
5. Tham khao kinh nghiem hip hien ciia cac NNPQ kit hop vdi
thuc tien lap hiin Vict Nam (dac biet la thiia kl truyen thdng Hien
phap nam 1946 ciia thiri dai Ho Chi Minh). Trong cac Du thdo HPSD
dugc dl x"udt, tren ca sd mdt sd suy ngdni ban dau, ehung tdi chi dam
mao mudi vd khiem tdn de xuat todn bg ca edu chung (vdi ten ggi ciia
tung Phdn + Chuang + tdng sd Dieu) va nhieng KGLH ve ngi dung eu the
cua 50 Diiu tir cac Die thao HPSD vdi ca cau Id nidi Die Ihdo cd hai
phuang an td chire BMQL nha nude de cac ddng nghipp cimg nhau trao
doi, cung nhu dl nhfin dfin thdng qua nhtng ngirdi dai dien eiia hg cd
them CO sd tham khao va quyll djnh mdt phuang an nao dd hgp ly ban ca
cho cac thi be hdm nay va mai sau. Cdc Du thdo HPSD vd eac phuong
an td ehirc BMQL nhd nude dugc cdng bd tren cac trang saeh bao KHPL
do chiing tdi dl xuat khdng phai tren ca sd NCKH "phdng gidy"' m^ sau
khi chiing tdi dd: 1) Quan sat thuc tien id ehirc, thirc hien va KSQL nha
nirdc d Viet Nam trong suot ban 50 nam qua (kl tir khi thi hanh Hien
phap ndm 1959 ciia ddt nude); 2) Tham khao cac md hinh ciia eac NNPQ
thudc 3 he thdng phdp luat {thdng ludt, eldn ludt va XHCN cii) tuang iing
tren ca sd td ehirc BMQL nhd nude theo ba va bdn nhdnh quyen luc;
3) Nghien cim hdng chuc ban Hiin phap tren thi gidi, cung nhu dgc rdt
109
- nhieu sdch bdo vd tdi lieu KHPL cd lien quan din hudng nghien ciru;
4) Chung kien tan mat cudc sdng cua ngudi dan trong nhieu nam hgc tap,
nghien cuu d Lien Xd eu (Lien bang Nga hien nay); 5) Thdng qua nhirng
cudc gap, ddm dao va trao ddi tryc tiep vdi cdc nhd ludt hge 1dm cdng tac
thyc tien tir cap TW den tan cap qudn, thj trdn trong BMQL nhd nude,
cung nhu vdi cdc nha khoa hge - ludt gia lam vipc trong cac trudng DH
va cac vipn NCKH vl Luat qua cac dgt di cdng tdc hoae tham du cdc Hdi
thao khoa hge d mdt loat cdc NNPQ trong cdc thdi ky khde nhau ban hai
thap ky qua 1990 - 2011 (nhu: lien bang Nga, Hungari, Phdp, CHLB
Diic, Han Qudc, Trung Qude, Thai Lan, Dan Mach, Na Uy, Thuy Diln,
Ao, Nhdt Bdn vd Hoa Ky - ddt nude da soan thdo ra Hiin phdp thdnh viin
ddu lien cita nhdn logi, eiing nhu Ban tuyen ngdn dgc lap My ndi tilng
ngay Ant\116 do Tdng thdng thu ba, ngudi con yeu quy ciia nhan dan
My, nha !ur.t hgc Thomas Jefferson soan thdo). Vi ngay tir kiii cdn la sinh
vien Luat d Lien Xd cu, khi dgc cac sdch bdo KHPL liic dd, tac gid sdch
chuyen khdo nay cung da nhan thdy rdng, sau gdn 150 nam (1778 - 1945)
thi chinh tu tudng ve cac quyen tu nhien cua con ngirdi ciia Thomas
Jefferson dd dugc Hd Chi Minh nghien cim rat sdu sdc, ITnh hdi va ghi
nhdn thdnh nhirng Idi ddu tien trong ban Tuyen ngdn ddc leip ngay
2/9/1945 vd the hipn trong Hiin phap ndm 1946 cua nude Viet Nam Dan
chii Cdng hda (DCCH).
6. De xuat tam huyet ciia nguyen Tong Bi thu- BCHTW Do Muoi
ve mot CO- che BVHP doc lap, chuyen trach va tslp trung vi loi ich
chung cua To quoc va nhan dan, vi su phat trien ciia dat nude. Ddc
bipt la, tren ca sd ndi dung thu "V/v gdp y siea ddi, bd sung Hiin phdp
ndm 1992" dl ngay 12/11/2011 cua nguycn.Tdng Bi thu BCHTW Ddng
(giai doan 1991 - 1997) - ddng chi Dd Mudi (vdi vice dl nghj xdy dung
CO ehl BVHP theo 1 trong 2 phuang an - TAHP hodc la Hdi Hiin phdp)
gtii 4 ddng chi lanh dao cao nhat ciia Ddng, Nhd nude va 4 giao su lu§t
hge ciia Khoa Luat - DHQGHN, thi cae KGLH doi vdi cac quy djnh vl
ca chi BVHP thugc cae Die ihcio HPSD trong tai lieu khoa hgc ndy da
6uq
- ehnh eua quyin kiem tra Hiin pheip" (gom 2 chmmg vdi 4 dieu) thudc Du
Iheio IV HPSD (Xem eu ihl: Phu luc 4-1 va 4-2) hodc Phan IV ncng biet
"Nhiing ca sa hiin dinh cua nguyen lliu qiiiic giei" (gdm 3 chuang vdi 10
diiu) thudc Du theio V IIPSD (Xem cu ihl: Phu luc 5-1 vd 5-2).
7. Vi mot ban HPSD ciia nhan dan, dan chii va phap quyen. Chinh vi
nhung ly do dd neu tren, tac gia cua cudn sach chuyen khdo nay rat mong
muon nhdn dugc su ddng gdp chrm thanh va quy bau ciia cac ddng nghipp khde
la cac nha khoa hpc - lual gia, cac cim bd ihirc lien cua cdc co quan edng quyen
trong BMQL nlid nude, cac can bd hoat ddng xa hdi ciia cdc td chuc, dodn tlie
xa hdi, cung nhu ciia tdt cd nliirng ai quan tam den mdt ban Hien phdp mdi vdi
ba dac tinh nhu ciia Hiin phap nude Viet Nam DCCH nam 1946 thiri dgi Hd
Chi Minh - nhdn eldn (1), ddn chii (2) v'a phdp quyin (3) - theo dimg nhu tu
tudng nhein van cua Ngicdi vi ce'ic thi he horn neiy vd mai sau tren Td qudc Vi
Nam than yeu.
8. Mo hinh biln djnh cua vice tl chiic quyen luc nha nude trong
giai doan xay dung NNPQ cdn phai bao dam duge su the hien rd ba ndi
dung ca ban vd quan trpng dudi day:
8.1. Chii quyin eiia nhdn ddn la nin tdng ciia nhiing nguyen tdc hien
djnh CO bdn trong viec 1) td chire BMQL nha nude va 2) thirc hien timg
nhanh quyin lue nlid nude. Van dl nay deu duc7C phan anh rd trong Dieu 3
"Chu quyin cua nhdn dim vd quyin luc nhd nude d Vi?t Nam" eiia tat ed
5 Du thdo HPSD vd day chinh Id cdc ddc dilm chung quan trgng nhat ve
td chiic BMQL nha nude. Y tudng khoa hgc thdng nhat va xuyen sudt d
ddy cd nghTa la, ngoai nhieng nguyen liic hiin ehnh ca bdn trong viec to
chiec BMQL nhd medc (ndi chung) la nin tang chung bdt bugc ra, viec td
chitc timg nhanh quyin luc nhd nude diu phai nhdt thilt dya tren nhieng
nguyen tdc hiin dinh ca hem eiia tieng nhdnh quyen liec dugc khdng djnh
d ngay diiu dau tien ciia Chuang "Cdc quy dinh chung ve td chiec bg
mdy" timg nhdnh - bd may lap phdp (1), bg may hanh phdp (2), bd may
tu phap (3) vd bd may KTrHP (4). Chinh each quy djnh nhu vdy Id ca sd
cho vice phan cdng, phoi hgp vd KSQL nha nude mdt each dich thuc
(chir khdng phdi la chi hinh thiec nhu trong tdt cd cdc bdn Hien phdp Viet
Nam tir sau Hiin phdp ndm 1946 din nay) dl tao ra ca chi kiem tra va
cdn bdng giiia cdc co quan cdng quyin nham bao ddm khdng de cho bat
ky mdt nhanh quyin luc nao lan at hoae can thiep trdi Hien phdp hoat
ddng ciia nhanh quyen luc kia.
Ill
- 8.2. Cdc che ten Hiin phdp di phdng ngira su vi hiin dugc ghi nhdn
gidng nhau ddi vdi viec thuc hien thdm quyin cua cdc ea quan cong
quyen tuang ung vdi timg nhanh quyin lyc nha nude la y tudng khoa hgc
chung trong tdt ca 5 Du thdo HPSD va ehinh diiu ndy se gdp phdn khdng
de xdy ra nhung vu tai tilng gay nen buc xiic ciia qudn ehung nhdn ddn
dan din "tuc nude vd bd" nhu d Tien Lang - Hdi Phdng hay d Vdn Giang
-Hung Yen. Chang ban nhu, eac khodn cudi cimg trong mdt Diiu chung
ve quyen lyc nhd nude vd trong tirng Diiu rieng vl moi loai ca quan cdng
quyen tuong irng vdi tirng nhdnh quyin luc (QLP, QHP, QTP) va quyin
KTrHP deu cd ndi dung gidng nhau nhu sau (Xem eu thi hon: Cdc diiu
khoan nay trong Phy luc 6):
"5. Viec Hem dung quyin luc Nhd nude ciia nhdn ddn, tu quy elinh
cho minh thdm quyen ndo dd cita BMQL nhd nude, cimg nhu bdt ky
hdnh vi ndo (bdng hdnh dgng hodc khdng hdnh ddng) nhdm chiim
doat quyin lue, can ihi^p,^ cdn trd, tdc ddng, gdy dnh hudng lieu cue
ddi vdi viec thue hi^n thdm quyin hiin dinh cita ca quan cdng quyin
hay cita cdng chiic Nhd medc diu Id su vi phgm nghiem trgng Hiin
phdp vdphdi bi xit ly nghiem khdc theo ludt dinh".
^ "4. Bdt ky hdnh vi ndo (bdng hdnh dgng hogc khdng hdnh dgng)
nhdm mue dich chiim doat chd quyin lap hiin eua nhdn ddn hogc can
thi^p, edn trd, tdc dgng hay gdy dnh hudng lieu cue ddi vdi viec thue
hiin thdm quyin hiin dinh ciia Qudc hdi diu Id sit vi phgm nghiem
trgng Hien phdp vd phdi bi xu: ly nghiem khdc theo lugt dinh".
^ "4. Bdl ky hdnh vi ndo (bdng hdnh ddng hogc khdng hcmh eldng)
nhdm can thiep, can trd, tdc dgng hogc gdy dnh hudng lieu cue ddi vdi
viec thuc hien tham quyin hiin dinh cita cdc CQHP diu Id su vi phgm
nghiem trgng Hien phdp vdphdi bi xie ly nghiem khde theo ludt dinh".
"5. Bdt ky hdnh vi ndo (bdng hdnh dgng hogc kliimg hdnh dgng) nhdm
can thiep, cdn trd, lac dgng hogc gdy dnh hudng lieu cue ddi vdi vlc'c thuc
hien ihiim quyin hiin dinh ciia cae CQTP diu Id su vi phgm nghiem trgng
Hien phdp vdphdi bixuly nghiem klidc theo liiiit dinh".
"5. Beit ky hdnh vi ndo (bdng he'inh ddng hodc khdng hdnh dgng nhdm
can thiip, cdn trd, lac ddng hodc gdy dnh hudng lieu cue ddi vdi viec thuc
hien thdm quyin hiin dinh cua co quan KTrHP diu Id sie vi phgm nghiem
trgng Hiin phdp vd phdi bi xie ly nghiem khdc theo ludt dinh".
112
- 8.3. Ca chi BVHP hdng nlu'inh QTP theo ha Du thdo ddu (I, II, IH)
lioeic nhdnh quyin KTrHP thee) Imi Du thao setu (IV, V) deu tudn thii mdt
nguyen tac hien dinh lhdng nhat d.i Id mgi cc; quan BVHP thuc su ddc
leip, leip trung, chuyen trdch vd ci) thuc quyin trong viec phdn xet nhieng
vi pheim Hien phe'ip (TAI IP, Hpi ddng BVHP hodc Hdi ddng Hien phap)
theo diing tinh than chi dao cua cac Dai hpi Ddng kin thu X, XI vd de
xuat ciia nguyen Tdng Bi ihu BCll TW Dang - ddng chi Dd Mue'ri.
§3. Nhu'ng dac diem chung ciia cac Dtfthao Hien phap sii'a doi
I. Ve cau true. Tat ca nam Die thdo HPSD deu ciing cd mdt ddc diem
chung - tat ca chiuig deu dugc ca cau theo thir tu phdn bd lan lugt tir Idn
den nhd la cac Phdn, Chuerng, Diiu v a mue do gidng nhau vdo khoang
tren 100 Dieu (tinh lir Dieu 1), iiiii dudi day chiing ta ,se xem xet eu the.
1.1. Phein I ciia tat ca nam Die thao HPSD deu gidng nhau la gdm 50
Dieu ghi nhan vice dieu chinh nhirng nen tang che do hien dinh eua mdt
qude gia tuong irng vdi tirng Chuang trong Phdn nay. Chi cd mdt su khdc
nhau nhd ve KTLH khdng dang ke giua ba Die ihito ddu (1, II, III) va hai
l^u ilie'io sau (1,11, III) nhu sau:
1) Phdn I cua ba Du thdo I, II va III HPSD (vdi KTLH cy thi) diu
cd ten ggi gidng nhau Id "Nhiing ca sd hiin dinh cua che do chinh tn, che
do kinh te vd chi do xd hgi" vdi ciing each thirc liet ke cu the gidng nhau
11 nhdm van di; eu thi va quan trpng dugc dieu chinh trong 11 Chuang
deu cd ten ggi gidng nhau - Chuang 1 "Chi eld chinh tri", Chuang 2
"Chi do kinh li", Chuang 3 "Che do xd lie}i", Chuang 4 "Gido due - deio
igo". Chuang 5 "Khoa here - cdng nghi", Chutmg 6 "Vdn hda - nghi
ihudr, Chuong 7 "An ninh - qudc phdng", Chuerng 8 "Y ti vd bdo ve mdi
trudng", Chuang 9 "Phu nit vd tre em", Chuang 10 "Thuang binh vd eitu
chiin binh" vd Chuong 11 "Mat sd ddi lugng chinh sdch khde md Nhd
nude cdn phdi tra giup".
2) Phiin 1 ciia hai Die thdo IV va V HPSD (vdi KTLH ngdn ggn)
deu cd ten ggi gidng nhau la "Cdc quy dinh chung" vdi ciing each thirc
liet ke chung gidng nhau 5 nhdm van de Idn va quan trgng dugc dieu
chinh trong 5 Chuang deu cd ten ggi gidng nhau - Chuang 1 "Che do
chinh tri", Chuang 2 "Che do kinh ti", Chuang 3 "Che do xa hgi",
Chuang 4 ".\'hd niee'rc" va Chuang 5 "Xd hot cdng ddn". Vi thye ra ngi
113
- dung 8 nhdm van de cdn lai tren day cd the dugc dieu chinh trong iiai
Chuang sau eiing (4 +• 5) da neu. Ke tu ddy trd di, cdc Chuang thugc cdc
Phan cdn lai se duge danh sd thu ty tiep theo den Chuang cudi ciing
thudc Phdn thir nhat (vdi KGLH ngan ggn) nay.
1.2. Phdn II cua tdt cd ndm Du thdo HPSD deu cd ten ggi gidng nhau
la "Cdc quyen con ngudi vd nghTa vu cua cdng ddn", deu gdm 5 Chuong
cd ten ggi gidng nhau vdi 50 Dieu ghi nhan nhu-ng vdn de ve cac quyen
ciia con ngudi va nghia vy cua cdng ddn d Viet Nam - Chuang 6 "Dia vj
phdp ly cua cd nhdn d Viet Nam", Chuang 7 "Cdc quyen con ngudi d
Viet Nam", Chuang 8 "Cdc co che phdp ly de bdo vi quyen con ngudi d
Viet Nam", Chuang 9 "Cdc nghTa vu cita cdng ddn Viet Nam" va Chuang
10 "Ngudi nude ngodi vd ngudi khdng cd qudc lieh d Viet Nam".
1.3. Phdn III cua tdt cd ndm Du thdo HPSD deu cd ten ggi giong
nhau la "Nhieng ca sd hiin dinh cua quyin liip phdp". Ndi dung Phan nay
da dugc suy ngam rat ky sau klii nghien cim de xudt rdt tam huyet, vi Td
qudc, vi nhan dan each day lion 20 ndm cua ddng chi Dd Mue'ri ve mgt
Qude hdi hoat ddng thudng xuyen. Chinh vi vdy, cae Phdn III trong ea
ndm Die thdo HPSD deu cd ca cdu 5 Chuang va cd ten ggi gidng nhau
vdi 15 Dieu ghi nhan nhirng vdn de ve td chuc va thue hien QLP d Viet
Nam - Chuang 11 "Cdc quy dinh chung ve td chiec bg mdy lap phdp",
Chuang 12 "Vien lap phdp - Hg nghi viin", Chuang 13 "Vien ddn biiu -
Thugng nghi viin", Chuang 14 "Cdc ca quan vd cdc Uy ban ciia Qudc
hgi" va Chuang 15 "Quy trinh thdng qua cdc dgo ludt ciia Qude hdi".
1.4. Phdn IV cua cac Du thdo I, II, III va IV HPSD diu cd ten
ggi gidng nhau la "Nhiing co sd hien dinh ciia quyin hdnh phdp", deu
gdm 5 Chuang ed ten ggi giong nhau vdi 10 Dieu ghi nhdn nhung van
de ve td ehirc va thyc hien QHP d Viet Nam - Chuang 16 "Cdc quy dinh
chung ve td chiic bg mdy hdnh phdp", Chuang 17 "Chu tich nude" vd
Chuang n "Chinh phii".
1.5. Phdn V ciia ba Die thdo II, III, IV va Phdn VI ciia Die thdo V
HPSD deu cd ten ggi gidng nhau Id "Nhieng ca sd hien dinh eua quyin tu
phdp", deu gdm 3 Chuang cd ten ggi gidng nhau vdi 10 Dieu ghi nhdn
nhirng van de ve td chire vd thye hien QTP d Viet Nam - Chuang "Cdc
quy dinh chung vi td chiec bg mdy tuphdp", Chuong "He thdng Tda dn"
va Chuang "He lhdng Viin kiem sdt nhdn ddn".
114
- 1.6. PImn VI cua hai Du lluto 1,11 va Phdn VII ciia ba Du thao 111,
IV, V HPSD diu cd ten goi giong nhau la 'Nhieng ea .sd hiin dinh cua
chinh quvin d'la phieerng". deu gdm 3 Chutmg cd ten ggi gidng nhau vdi 9
Diiu gh: nhdn nhirng \dn dl ve lc chire va thuc hien chinh quyen dja
phutrng d Vict Nam - ChiKmg "Cdc quy dinh chung vi bd mdy chinh
quvin eta phuirng", Chuang "Hdi dong nhdn ddn" vd Chuang 13 "Uy
han nhdn ddn".
1.7. Phein VII ciia hai Du tlieto 1,11 va Phdn VIII ciia ba Du thdo III,
IV, V HPSD diu cd ten gpi giong nhau la "Nhieng ca sd hiin dinh ciia
quy irinti leip hien vd hiiu lue eua Hien phdp", rieng ba Du thdo I, II, III
diu gdir. 6 Chuang vd hai Du thao IV, V deu gdm 2 Chuang cd ten ggi
giong nhau vdi 9 Diiu ghi nhan nliiing \an de ve nam cdng doan ciia quy
trinh lap biln (scan t'lao + sira ddi + bd sung + thao ludn + thdng qua -i-
cdng bd vd hieu luc ciia Hien phap.
1.8. Phdn cudi ciing ciia lat ca nam Du thdo HPSD deu cd ten ggi
gidng nhau Id "Cdc quy dinh chuyin Hep", deu khdng cd Chuang nao ma
chi gdm cd 3 Dieu ghi nhdn hiiu luc tam thdi cua 1) mdt sd QPIID hien
hanh, 2) mdt so QPPL hien hanh va, 3) thdm quyen cua mdt sd ehirc vy
Nha nupc trong cac co quan cdng quyen thudc cdc nhanh QLP, QHP va
QTP nlu khdng trai vdi cdc quy djnh trong HPSD.
2. Phan 1 (gdm 50 Diiu) + Phan II (gdm 50 Diiu) cua tat cd ndm Du
thdo HPSD diu gidng nhau hoan toan.
3. vi to chiic BMQL nha nude. Tat ca cac QPHD diu dugc soan
thdo theo hudng nhdm loai trir su khdng chlnh danh khi mdt sd ngirdi ed
chuc vu cao trong BMQL nha nutic cir tiiy tien "tilm quyin" ciia nhan
dan bdng each liic ndo cung nhdn danh "nhan dan" de ty phong "tren
giay" eho mdt ca quan cdng quyin nao do la "ca quan quyen lue Nha
nude cao nhat" (?) trong khi chua hi cd mgt sir khdng djnh thyc te ndo
bang mot cudc trung cau y kiln ciia nhan ddn. Vi thuc ra, niu ehinh danh
thi ca quan do ehi Id ea quan dgi diin cao nhdt cho nhdn ddn, cdn vice
nhan dai trao quyin cho cdc ca quan cdng quyen den dau thi phdi Hien
phap quy djnh va phdi hdi y kiln nhdn ddn (the mdi dimg la hgc tap theo
tir tudng Hd Chi Minh nhu Ngudi da lam khi soan thdo Hien phdp ndm
1946). Chinh vi le dd, vice to chire BMQL nha nude theo lu tudng Hd
115
- Chi Minh trong tat cd ndm Die thdo HPSD ma chiing tdi dl xudt diu cd
ba ddc diem chung quan trgng nhu sau:
3.1. Diu phdi dua tren chu quyin eua nhdn ddn - chit thi tdi cao cua
quyin luc nhd nude dugc ghi nhdn bdi HPSD (cdc khodn 1 - 2 Diiu 3) la:
"1. Nhdn ddn cdc ddn toe tren lanh thd Viet Nam Id ngitiri mang chu
quyin, la ngudn duy nhdt vd chii the cao nhdt ciia quyin lire Nhd nude d
Viet Nam.
2. Quyin lue nhd nude duge nhdn ddn tnrc liip thuc hien hocie nhan
ddn iiy quyin cho cdc co quan Nhd nude d T\V vd d cdc dia phuong thuc
hien; nhimg thdm ejuyin ciia cdc co quan Nhd medc due/c icy epiyin tit nhdn
ddn phdi do Hiin phdp quy dinh."
3.2. Diu phdi tuyet ddi tudn thii nhiing nguyen tdc hiin dinh co bdn vi td
chiec BMQL nhd nude dugc ghi nhdn bdi HPSD (khodn 3 Diiu 3) la:
"3. De xdy dung thdnh cdng Nhd nude phdp quyin xu hgi chu
nghTa Viet Nam dich thuc cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn vd vi nhdn ddn,
cdc CO quan edng quyin phdi ed trdch nhiem thue hien nghiem chinh
Hien phdp vd co chi KSQL nhd medc di BVHP, dong thdi phdi luy^t
ddi tudn thii nhiing nguyen tdc ca bdn sau ddy ciia vi^e td ehirc BMQL
nhd nude:
a) Bdo ddm tinh phdp che tdi thugng vd hieu lue true liip cua Hiin
phdp, cUng nhu hiiu luc ciia cdc ludt so vdi tdl ed cdc vdn bdn khde trong
cdc ITnh vite hogt dgng cua BMQL nhd nude;
b) Bdo ddm tdt cd quyin lue Nhd nude phdi thuc .su thugc vi nhdn
ddn, chii quyen ciia nhdn ddn cao hon quyin luc Nhd nude; cdc ea eptan
cdng quyen, cdn bg, cdng chitc, vien chiec Nhd nude phdi tdn trgng nhein
ddn, tan tuy phuc vu nhdn ddn, lien h? chat che vdi nhdn ddn, phdt huy
quyen ddn chit eua nhdn ddn,... (Ve ca ban giu' nguyen nhu- ngi dung Oi4u
8 Hien phap nam 1992);
c) Quyin luc Nhd nude Id thdng nhdt vdi sit phdn edng rd rdng,
phdi hgp ddng bd vd kiim sodt chill che nhdm lao ra co chi kiem tra vd cdn
being giiea cdc nhiinh epiyin luc, cung nhu giiea cdc ca quan cimg quyin
trong BMQL nhd nude vi lgi ich chung cua To qudc vd xd hdi ddn su.
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- d) Tem trong vd hao ve ce'tc tjiiyiti vd tic do eiia con ngicdi vd ciia
cimg ddn ve'/i tie cdch Id nhieng gid tri x.d hdi eat. qui nhdl due/c thiea nhein
chung ciia nhdn logi lien bo;
d) Bdo dam tinh dgi dien cao nhidl cho dun idc ciia QLP vd tinh ddc
Idp thuc sie, chi ludn theo Hiin phdp vd phdp ludt ciia QTP vd quyen
KTrHP tren ea sa chii quyin cua nhdn dim".
3.3. Diu phdi hi xie ly nghiem khdc theo ludt dinh neu cd hdnh vi hoiic ban
hdnh vdn bdn vi hiin dugc ghi nhdn bdi HPSD (khodn 5 Dieu 3) Id:
"5. Viee liim dung epiyin luc Nhd nude ciia nhdn ddn, tu quy dinh cho
minh thdm quyin new do ciia BMQL nhd nude, eiing nhu bdt ky hdnh vi ndo
(being hdnh dong hogc Ididng hdnh dctvgj nhdm chiem dog: epcyen luc, can
thiip, edn trd, tdc dgng, gdy dnh hudng tiehi cue ddi vdi viee thiec hiin thdm
epiyin hiin dinh cita ca cpian cdng qityim hay ciia cdng chiec Nhd nude deu
Id su vi phgm nghiem trgng Hiin phdp vd pheti bi xie ly nghiem klidc theo
ludt dinh".
4. Phan III "Nhieng ca sd hien dinh ciia quyen lap phdp" vdi 5
Chuang (gdm 15 Diiu) ciia tdt ea ndm Du thdo HPSD diu gidng nhau
hoan loan - Quoc hdi cd hai Vien.
5. Phan IV "Nhieng eg sd hien dinh ciia quyin hdnh phdp" vdi 3
Chuong (gdm 10 Diiu) eiia bdn Die thdo 1, II, 111 va IV HPSD diu giong
nhau hoan todn - cd su phdn cdng lao ddng quyen lue ngay trong ndi bg
nhdnh quyin lyc thir hai nay theo 2 nhdm CQHP (thudc Chii tjch nude va
thugc Chinh phii) bdi nhiing ly do vi lgi ich chung ciia Td qudc, vi cugc
sdng dm no, hanh phuc ciia nhdn ddn va sy phat trien cua ddt nude.
6. Phan V "Nhieng ca sd hiin dinh cua quyen tuphdp" cua: 1) Ba Dw-
thdo I, II va HI HPSD diu giong nhau hodn todn trong vipc td chuc hp
thdng Tda an (vi ed thanh lap TAHP dl thuc hien thdm quyin tai phan ve
hiin phap); 2) Hai Du thdo IV va V HPSD (td chuc BMQL nhd nude
dieo md hinh bdn nhdnh) diu giong nhau hoan todn vi khdng thdnh lap
TAHP trong he thdng Tda an dl thye hipn thdm quyin BVHP (do da cd
nhanh quyin luc ddc lap thir /u-- quyen KTrHP).
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- 7. Ba Phan cuoi ciing "Nhieng co sd hiin dinh ciia ehinh epiyin dia
phuong" (gdm 8 Diiu) -t- "Nhiing co sd hiin djnh ciia quy irinh lap hiin
vd hiiu lue eua Hiin phdp" (gdm 9 Diiu) -)- "Cdc quy dinh chuyin liip"
(gom 3 Diiu) cua tdt ca ndm Du thdo HPSD diu gidng nhau hodn todn.
§4. Nhimg d|c diem rieng cua tCpng Dy thao Hi§n phap sCea doj
1. Due thdo I HPSD (Xem cu the: Phu luc 1) cd cac ddc dilm rieng Id:
1.1. Dugc sogn thdo theo md hinh ba nhdnh quyin lue (QLP, QHP
va QTP) tren co sd dinh hudng chuyin VKSND thanh Vipn cdng td
(VCT) theo tinh thdn Nghi quyit so 49,/NQ-TW va thudc nhanh quyin
lyc thir hai (QHP) vdi nhiing KGLH vl co edu chung, ten ggi eu thi cua
7 Phdn, 37 Chuang vdi tdng so 153 Diiu.
1.2. Khdng cd VKSND trong he lhdng cdc ca quan Nhd nude thugc nhdnh
QTP nen nhanh quyin lye thu ba ehi gdm cdc CQTP theo diing nghTa hep (co
diln) - cae Tda an (TAHP va cac TAND thdm quyin chung).
2. Du-thdo II HPSD (Xem cu thi: Phu luc 2) cd cdc ddc dilm rieng la:
2.1. Dugc sogn thdo theo md hinh ba nhdnh quyin luc (QLP, QHP va
QTP) U-en ca sd dinh hudng h? thong VKSND giir nguyen nhu hien nay -
thugc nhanh quyin lyc thir ba (QTP) vdi nhung KGLH vl co edu chung, ten
ggi cu thi cua 7 Phdn, 36 (hodc 38) Chuang va gdm 152 (bode 157) Diiu.
2.2. Cd VKSND trong he thdng cdc co quan Nhd nude thugc nhdnh
QTP nen nhdnh quyin lyc thu ba gom cac CQTP theo nghia rgng la:
1) Cac CQTP ve xet xii - cac Tda an (TAHP, cac TAND thdm quyin
chung) va; 2) Cac CQTP vl kiim sdt - cac VKSND.
3. Du-thdo m HPSD (Xem cu thi: Phu luc 3) cd cdc dac diem rieng la:
3.1. Duge sogn thdo theo md hinh bdn nhdnh quyin lire (QLP, QIIP,
QTP vd QKS) tren .ca sd djnh hudng he didng VKSND Id mgt nhanh quyin
lyc nha nude dgc lap thu tu vdi nhung KGLH vl co cdu chung, ten ggi eu
the cua 8 Phan, 41 Chuang va gom 159 Diiu.
3.2. Bd sung them mgt Phdn VI mdi dgc liip "Nhieng co sd hiin dinh
cua quyin kiem sdt" vdi ca cdu gom 4 Chuang vd 10 Dieu.
3.3. Khdng cd VKSND trong h^ thdng cdc co quan Nhd nude thugc
nhdnh QTP (vi he thong nay chinh la mdt nhdnh quyin lyc ddc lap
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- thir tu) ni-n nhanh quyin luc tliir ha chi gdm cac CQTP theo dung nghTa
he:p (cd dien) cac Tda an (iAlfP va cac TAND tham quyin chung) nhu
to ehirc Q IF trong Du thao 11 IPSD.
4. Dirtluio IV HPSD (Xemculho: Phu luc 4) cd cae dae diem rieng la:
4.1. Dugc soetn iheio theo me> hinh bdn nhdnh quyen luc (QLP, QIIP,
QTP va quyin KTrHP) vdi nhurg KGLH vl ca cdu chung, ten ggi eu thi
ciia 8 Phdn. 28 Chuang vd gdm 155 Dieu.
4.2. Bd sung them mot Phdn VI mdi ddc lap "Nhirng co sd hiin dinh ciia
quyin kiim tra Hiin phdp" vdi 2 Chucmg vd 4 Diiu vi tren co sd djnh hudng
boat ddng B VI IP la mpt nhanh quyin luc nhd nude ddc lap thu lu.
4.3. Hi thdng VKSND thuoc nhiinh QHP hay nhdnh QTP diu dugc,
iihuna he thing Toa dn chi gom cac TAND tham quyen chung ma khdng
cd T.\HP (vi quyin KTrHP la nipt nhdnh ddc lap thu tu thudc Hdi ddng
BVHP va ndm ngoai QTP).
4.4. Cd mot sd thay ddi (khac vdi ba Du thdo HPSD tren day) Id gdp
ndi dung vd giam sd lupng cdc Chuang tliudc: 1) Phdn I chi cdn ndm Chuang
vd th.iy ten gpi ciia Phdn nay la "Cdc quy dinh chung"; 2) Phdn VIII clii cdn
hai ChiTtmg.
5. Di/thdo V HPSD (Xem cu ihl: Phu luc 5) cd cac ddc dilm rieng la:
5.1. Dugc sogn thdo theo mo hinh bdn nhdnh quyen liec vi ngoai ba
nhdnh quyen luc truyin thong cdn cd them che djnh nguyen thu qudc gia
vdi tu each Id mdt thilt ehl Nlia nude ddc lap (dimg ngoai cdc nhanh QLP,
QHP va QTP) vdi nhCmg KGLH vl ca cdu chimg, ten ggi cu the ciia 8
Phdn, 28 Chuang vd gdm 155 Dieu.
5.2. Bd sung them mgt Phein IV mdi dgc lap "Nhieng ea sd hien dinh
ciia nguyen thii qudc gia" vdi 3 Chucmg va 10 Diiu (vi Chu tjch nude
ddng thdi la Chii tich Hdi ddng Hiin phdp dl thyc hipn tham quyen
BVHP niiu Hdi ddng BVHP trong Du thdo IV HPSD nen ciing ed thi coi che
djnh nguyen thu qude gia Id mdt nhdnh quyin lire nha nude ddc lap thir tu -
quyl.'i KTrHP).
5.3. Hi thdng VKSND thugc nhdnh QHP hay nhdnh QTP diu dugc,
nhung hi: thong Tda an chi gdm cdc TAND thdm quyin chung ma khdng
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nguon tai.lieu . vn
