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VIỆN NC QUẢN LÝ KINH TẾ TW
TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU
THÔNG TIN CHUYÊN ĐỀ
TIỀM NĂNG TẠO VIỆC LÀM
XANH Ở VIỆT NAM
THE POTENTIAL FOR
CREATING GREEN JOBS IN
VIETNAM
SỐ
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
9
2012
1
VIỆN NC QUẢN LÝ KINH TẾ TW
TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU
TIỀM NĂNG TẠO VIỆC LÀM
XANH Ở VIỆT NAM
THE POTENTIAL FOR
CREATING GREEN JOBS IN
VIETNAM
TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU
Tel – Fax: 04 – 37338930
E-mail: vnep@mpi.gov.vn
Hà Nội, tháng 10/2012
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
2
THE POTENTIAL FOR CREATING GREEN JOBS IN VIETNAM
I.
Green economy and green jobs
1.
Green economy – green growth
In general, there are many different definitions on green economy and green
growth, however, these definitions contain three main points:
- Green economy is an environmental-friendly one, focusing on the control
of green house effects and climate changes.
- Green economy is an in-depth growth one, consuming less energy, and
enhancing bio-industry and technology innovation.
- Green economy is a sustainable one with poverty reduction and equal
development.
2.
The role of green economy
If a country is aware of developing a green economy as soon as possible, it is
possible to shorten their development path and to thrive to wealthy and
sustainable society. Particularly:
First, green economy plays an important role in sustainable development. Second,
green economy contributes to poverty reduction. Third, green economy creates a
range of newly emerging and potential employment. Forth, green economy
protects bio-diversification. And fifth, green economy allows developing
countries to gain multiple effected socio-economic interests.
3.
Green jobs
Green jobs as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development,
administrative and service activities that contribute substantially to preserving or
restoring environmental quality: This definition is provided by UNEP. According
to this definition, green jobs not only include jobs that help to protect ecosystems
and biodiversity, reduce the consumption of energy, materials and water through
high efficiency strategies; reduce carbon emissions in the entire economy;
minimize or avoid creating waste pollution in all its forms.
Green jobs are "the result of green policies".
II.
The experience of some countries in the creation of green jobs
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
3
1. Experience in developing green jobs in the U.S.
The United States is a superpower pioneer in the implementation of the policy of
"green economy". Since taking office, President Obama has struggled to cope
with the economic downturn, and the term "green economy" is mentioned as one
of the solutions contributing to solving some economic problems. President
Obama has implemented new policies to revive the economy, such as energy
development, development of "green economy", the implementation of policies to
save energy, reduce pollution and the implementation of renewable energy.
To really mentioned targets and policies of developing a green economy, focus
has been put on issues regarding policy guidelines; increasing budget allocation
for green economic activities; vigorously developing green jobs; and training of
human resources related to environmental issues.
2. Korean experience in creating green jobs
The main point in Korea's Green Growth Strategy can be summarized in issues as
followed:
1) Adapt to climate change
2) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions effectively
3) Reduce dependence on fossil fuels
4) Develop green technology;
5) Greenization of existing industries;
6) Develop advanced industries;
7) Build the foundation for green economy;
8) Develop green space and green transport;
9) Make a green revolution in lifestyle;
10) Provide international support for green growth
II. Green economy and green jobs in Vietnam
1. The development of green economy in Vietnam
1.1.
Awareness of green growth in Vietnam
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
4
The XIth Congress of the Communist Party of Viet Nam approved socioeconomic development strategy 2011 – 2020, thereby, socio-economic
development objectives over the next decade will focus on issues of growth
quality, or in other words, focus on sustainable and in-depth growth that is not
running after quantitative objectives, and ensure macroeconomic balance to longterm economic stability; the center will be development of competitive advantage
, using high technology to gradually improve the competitiveness of the whole
economy, businesses and products.
In addition, the national strategy for green growth has also been approved by the
Government on 09.25.2012. Which emphasizes: "Green growth is an important
content of sustainable development, to ensure rapid, effective, and sustainable
economic development and contribute to the implementation of the national
strategy on climate change."
According to the forecast, Vietnam will be heavily affected by climate change.
Sea level rise would inundate many areas in Vietnam. Therefore, though it is
unable to prevent climate change, Vietnam also needs to be responsible player by
actively develop a green economy.
So, the requirement of developing a new economic growth model toward indepth development, sustainability, resource saving, environmental protection is in
place as the first task in the new stage of national development. For Vietnam,
green growth is the key to settle the shortcomings in current growth model
because it involves technology or “sophisticate” level of the economy. Once
Vietnam can obtain these factors, labor productivity growth will be higher and the
growth quality will be promoted. Therefore, green growth plays a critical role in
Vietnamese in-depth growth strategy in the coming time.
Ability to green economic development of Vietnam.
a. Strengths
Vietnam has experienced over 25 years of innovation with many important social
and economic achievements: high economic growth, improved per capita income,
etc. The technological level of Vietnam is still weak but there is rapidly
improvement due to the advantages of latecomer countries and the attention of
foreigners attracted by significant economic reform achievements in recent years.
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
5
nguon tai.lieu . vn
TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU
THÔNG TIN CHUYÊN ĐỀ
TIỀM NĂNG TẠO VIỆC LÀM
XANH Ở VIỆT NAM
THE POTENTIAL FOR
CREATING GREEN JOBS IN
VIETNAM
SỐ
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
9
2012
1
VIỆN NC QUẢN LÝ KINH TẾ TW
TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU
TIỀM NĂNG TẠO VIỆC LÀM
XANH Ở VIỆT NAM
THE POTENTIAL FOR
CREATING GREEN JOBS IN
VIETNAM
TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU
Tel – Fax: 04 – 37338930
E-mail: vnep@mpi.gov.vn
Hà Nội, tháng 10/2012
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
2
THE POTENTIAL FOR CREATING GREEN JOBS IN VIETNAM
I.
Green economy and green jobs
1.
Green economy – green growth
In general, there are many different definitions on green economy and green
growth, however, these definitions contain three main points:
- Green economy is an environmental-friendly one, focusing on the control
of green house effects and climate changes.
- Green economy is an in-depth growth one, consuming less energy, and
enhancing bio-industry and technology innovation.
- Green economy is a sustainable one with poverty reduction and equal
development.
2.
The role of green economy
If a country is aware of developing a green economy as soon as possible, it is
possible to shorten their development path and to thrive to wealthy and
sustainable society. Particularly:
First, green economy plays an important role in sustainable development. Second,
green economy contributes to poverty reduction. Third, green economy creates a
range of newly emerging and potential employment. Forth, green economy
protects bio-diversification. And fifth, green economy allows developing
countries to gain multiple effected socio-economic interests.
3.
Green jobs
Green jobs as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development,
administrative and service activities that contribute substantially to preserving or
restoring environmental quality: This definition is provided by UNEP. According
to this definition, green jobs not only include jobs that help to protect ecosystems
and biodiversity, reduce the consumption of energy, materials and water through
high efficiency strategies; reduce carbon emissions in the entire economy;
minimize or avoid creating waste pollution in all its forms.
Green jobs are "the result of green policies".
II.
The experience of some countries in the creation of green jobs
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
3
1. Experience in developing green jobs in the U.S.
The United States is a superpower pioneer in the implementation of the policy of
"green economy". Since taking office, President Obama has struggled to cope
with the economic downturn, and the term "green economy" is mentioned as one
of the solutions contributing to solving some economic problems. President
Obama has implemented new policies to revive the economy, such as energy
development, development of "green economy", the implementation of policies to
save energy, reduce pollution and the implementation of renewable energy.
To really mentioned targets and policies of developing a green economy, focus
has been put on issues regarding policy guidelines; increasing budget allocation
for green economic activities; vigorously developing green jobs; and training of
human resources related to environmental issues.
2. Korean experience in creating green jobs
The main point in Korea's Green Growth Strategy can be summarized in issues as
followed:
1) Adapt to climate change
2) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions effectively
3) Reduce dependence on fossil fuels
4) Develop green technology;
5) Greenization of existing industries;
6) Develop advanced industries;
7) Build the foundation for green economy;
8) Develop green space and green transport;
9) Make a green revolution in lifestyle;
10) Provide international support for green growth
II. Green economy and green jobs in Vietnam
1. The development of green economy in Vietnam
1.1.
Awareness of green growth in Vietnam
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
4
The XIth Congress of the Communist Party of Viet Nam approved socioeconomic development strategy 2011 – 2020, thereby, socio-economic
development objectives over the next decade will focus on issues of growth
quality, or in other words, focus on sustainable and in-depth growth that is not
running after quantitative objectives, and ensure macroeconomic balance to longterm economic stability; the center will be development of competitive advantage
, using high technology to gradually improve the competitiveness of the whole
economy, businesses and products.
In addition, the national strategy for green growth has also been approved by the
Government on 09.25.2012. Which emphasizes: "Green growth is an important
content of sustainable development, to ensure rapid, effective, and sustainable
economic development and contribute to the implementation of the national
strategy on climate change."
According to the forecast, Vietnam will be heavily affected by climate change.
Sea level rise would inundate many areas in Vietnam. Therefore, though it is
unable to prevent climate change, Vietnam also needs to be responsible player by
actively develop a green economy.
So, the requirement of developing a new economic growth model toward indepth development, sustainability, resource saving, environmental protection is in
place as the first task in the new stage of national development. For Vietnam,
green growth is the key to settle the shortcomings in current growth model
because it involves technology or “sophisticate” level of the economy. Once
Vietnam can obtain these factors, labor productivity growth will be higher and the
growth quality will be promoted. Therefore, green growth plays a critical role in
Vietnamese in-depth growth strategy in the coming time.
Ability to green economic development of Vietnam.
a. Strengths
Vietnam has experienced over 25 years of innovation with many important social
and economic achievements: high economic growth, improved per capita income,
etc. The technological level of Vietnam is still weak but there is rapidly
improvement due to the advantages of latecomer countries and the attention of
foreigners attracted by significant economic reform achievements in recent years.
CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu
5