Xem mẫu
THI TRIfflNG BAO HIEM VA CHfNH SACH..
HBHllN Cflu TPan niii
j ] ^ ^
THj TRl/CfNG BAO HIEM VA CHINH SACH GIAM SAT HOAT OQNG
KINH DOANH BAO HIEM TAI V | | T NAM
Nguyen Qu6c Vigt*, D S Thi Phwong Hoa**
Tdm tdt
toe do tang truong doanh thu binh quan khoang
Thi trudng bdo bdo hiim Vi$t Nam dd cd 15%, gi^p gidi quylt b6i thu&ng,findinh kinh tl
nhimg budc phdt triin nhdt dinh ki tu ddu xd hgi, ddu tu tta I^i nen kinh te vd giai quyet
nhicng ndm 1990. Tuy nhiin, hogt ddng cda thim6t s6 lugng 16n lao dQng cho nin kinh tl (Bg
trudng hien ngy cho thdy nhiiu ddu Miu phdt Tdi chinh, 2012). Tuy nhien, vhi con nhiing vdn
triin chua bin vieng, dgc biit di ddm bdo quyin dl bdt c|lp nhu thi trucmg Bdo hilm phdt triln
vd Igi ich hgp phdp cua cdc bin tham gia tM chua thuc su ben vung, quy m6 th; trudng con
tru&ng. Bdi viet «ay tap trung phdn tieh thuc nh6, v6n kinh doanh cua cdc doanh nghiep bdo
trgng hogt ddng Mnh doanh bdo hiim tinh tic hiem c6n ban che, hien tugng canhttanhkhong
thai diim Viet nam gia nhgp Td chiec Thuang ldnh manh vdtrtic Igi bdo hiem ngay cang tinh vi
mgi Thi gidi (WTO) vd cdc chinh sdch gidm sdt vd CO xu huong gia tang (T6 Nggc Hung, 2011).
cua nhd nu&c ddi vdi hogt dgng Mnh doanh bdoBen canh d6, thi truong Bdo hiem dang ngdy
Mem nhdm thuc day phdt triin thi trudng bdo cdng hgi nhap sau vdo thi trudng khu vuc va the
hiim bin vimg, dn dinh, bdo ve quyin vd Igi ich gidi, sdn phdm ngdy cdng da dgng va phiic tgp,
mdi trudng canh ttanh khde li|t. Do do ddi hdi
ciia khdch hdng tham gia mdt cdch Miu qud.
Tir kh6a: Thi truong bdo hiem, gidm sat thi chinh sdch qudn ly gidm sdt phdi phu hgp vdi
cdc nguyen tac vd chudn muc qudc te.
truong, quyen loi nguoi tham gia bdo hiem.
Bdi viet ndy tap tnmg phdn tich thuc trang
boat
ddng kinh doanh bdo hiem tinh tir thdi
l.D^tv^nd^
Hoat dgng bdo liiem eo tam dnh huong sdu diem Viet nam gia nhap WTO vd cdc chinh sdch
rgng khong ehi den cdc cd nhdn, hg gia dinh, giam sat ciia nha nudc vdi hoat ddng kinh doanh
doanh nghiep ma con dnh hudng doi vai nen bdo hiem nhdm thiic ddy phdt triSn thi trudng
kinh te. Ngodi ra, hoat dgng bdo hiSm ham chiia Bdo hiem ben vGng, dn dinh, bdo ve khdch hdng
rdt nhiiu nii ro. Diiu ndy doi hoi elm phdi dugc tham gia bdo hiem mgt cdch hi^u qud.
gidm sat chat che vi muc tieu bao v.e quyen va
Igi ich hpp phap cua nguoi tham gia bao hiem,
2. Thyc trang hoat ddng kinh doanh tren
nguoi dugc bao hiem, nguoi duoc huong quyen thi trirdng bao hilm Vi^t Nam
50 lugng doanh nghiip bdo hiim
ipi bao hiem; dambao suphat trien ben viifng va
bao h6 loi ich chmh dang cua cac doanh nghiep
Thih din thdi dilm31/I2/2014 thi trudng bdo
bao hiSm; dilu chinh, thiic ddy hoat d0ng kmh hilm cd 60 cong ty bao hiem ttong do co 29
doanh bao hilm phat ttiln theo yeu cdu phat cdng ty Bao hilm Phi nhdn thg (BH PNT), 17
cdng ty Bdo hiem nhan thg ( BH NT), 2 cdng ty
triln kinh te - xa hpi cua ddt nuoc.
Nganh Bao hilm dangttathdnh ngdnh kinh te tdi bdo hiem va 12 cdng ty mdi gidi bdo hiem. 60
quan ttgng ttong viec phdt trien kinh te xa hgi Cdng ty bdo hilm thugc mgi thanh phdn kinh tl,
cua ddt nu6c. K I tii khi chinh thiic di vdo hoat ttong dd 25 cdng ty trdch nhiem hftu ban
dSng tu nam 1993 din naytiiihucmg bao hilm (TNHH) I thdnh vien, 8 cdng ty TNHH 2 thanh
dd dat dugc nhimg kit qud rdt dang khich le nhu vienttdlen vd 24 cdng ty cd phdn.
* Nguyen Qu6c\^et, Tien sT,Tni6ng Dai hgc Kinh t6 - D^i hgc Quoc gia HiN$i,
*• D§ Thi Phuong Hoa, ^ y ban Gidm sitTSi chinh Qudc gia.
Stf 66 (3+4/20151
QUANLVKINHTE Q I
I W l
MBHieMCflUTMOBiil
THI TRUflMG BAO HIEM VA CHINH SACH..
Bang 1. S6 lirgng vk loai Unh doanh nghiep bdo hiem
Loai Mnh doanh Dghlgp/Hinh thih: phip IJ
TNHH 1 thinh vign
TNHH 2 thinh vi§n
tr»lSn
CSpb^n
Tfingc^ng
PM
Nhin thp
7
Mdi gidd bdo hi^m
T^ng c$ng^
Ngu6n: Cue quSn I}? \k Gidm sat b i o hiem
Mdt d^c dilm cua thi trudng bdo hilm hi$n nay
Id thi phdn doanh thu phi bdo hilm chii ylu red
vdo tay cac doanh nghi$p Idn, cu thi 5 doanh
ngjiiep bdo hilm phi nhdn thg va 5 doanh nghiep
bdo hilm nhdn thg hdng ddu tuang dng chilm
tdi 91% vd 67% thi phan tdng doanh thu phi bdo
hiem.
Hinh 1: Doanh thu phf th} trirdng Bdo hiim Vi|t Nam giai doan 2007-2014
Dent vf: Tp 3ong
• BHPNTPBHNT
Ngu6n: Cue Qudn 1^ vk Gidm sSt bdo hilm -BO Tii chinh
Nam 2007 Id nam dau tien Vift Nam thgc hi?n
cam kit khittdtiidnhthdnh vien thd 150 ciia Td
chiic Thuang mai thi gidi WTO. Nin kinh tl
Viet Nam md ciia va hdi nhdp sdu rdng vdi
nhieu co h^i vd thdch thdc. Ngdnh bdo hilm
cung dat dugc nhitag budc phdt triln tuong iing.
Doanh thu phf bdo hilm 2007 toan thi tnrdng
bdo hilm dat 17.640 ty ddng, tang 18%ttongdd
doanh thu phi BH PNT Id 8.213 ty ddng, tang
28% va doanh thu phi BH NT Id 9.437 ^ ddng,
tang 11% so vdi 2006.
Hinh 2: T6C do tang tnrdng doanh thu phi thi trirdng Bao hilm Viet Nam giai doan 2007-2014
- BH PNT
2007
2008
2009
^ • T o i n thj budrng BH
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Ngu6n: t6ng h(?p tii nhi^u ngu6n ciia tdc gid
Q
QUAN Lf KINH TE
Stf 66 (3-f 4/20151
NBHIEHCflUTPflnniSi
IHI TRUdNG BAO HIJM VA CHINH SACH..
Nam 2013,2014 cdc doanhnghiep tiln hanh
tai CO cdu toan dien, tdc dd tdng tnrdng doanh
thu phi bdt d^u c6 s\r hii phuc vd tang cao ttd l?ii
mac dli kinh tl vi md phuc hdi cham. Cdc doanh
nghiep bdo hiem ph^ ddy manh phat triln sdn
phdm mdi vd khaitiidccdc san phdm ban le dl
dam bdo tdng trudng. Tmh din cudi nam 2014,
tdng doanh thu phi bdo hilm d^t khodng 53.000
t^ ddng, tang 13 % so vdi cimg k^ nam 2013.
Khu vuc BH NT dat 26.6491^ ddng, tang 18%
vd khu wrc BH PNT dat 26.679 t^ ddng, tang
9%. Cdng vdi sy phdt triln ciia thi trudng bdo
hiem, quy md vdn vd tdng tdi sdn cua cdc doanh
j
^
J
nghiep bao hiem dugc tang trudng qua cac nam.
Quy mo VCSH va TTS cua thi trudng bdo hiem
duge tang tu 13.880 ty ddng va 56.328 ty ddng
ndm 2007 len tdi 32.842 ty dong vd 114.663 ty
ddng nam 2014. Nhu vay quy md vdn chu sd
hiiu (VCSH) va tdng tdi sdn (TTS) da dugc tang
len hon 2 Ian sau 7 nam phdt triln. Tuy nhien tdc
do tang manh nhdt Id vdo cdc nam 2007,2008
khi VCSH va TTS tang hrang ling len tdi 114%
vd 46%, nguyen nhan Id rdt nhieu cdc doanh
nghiep bdo hiem dd dugc thdnh I$p mdi vd
chmhtinicdi vdo hoat ddngttongnam 2007 vd
2008.
Bdng 2. V6n chu sd hfru vd T6ng tai sdn tiu trudng bao hilm (2007-2014)
2007
2008
3 880
5 541
8 339
56328
. .^^^,aJii78
16 650
T8RR
BHNT
BHPiNl
T6ng
BHNT_
BHPNT
2011
2012
2013
Bern VI: Ty dong
2014
22.722
11.115
11.607
2009
2010
Von chu sd'^hfiu
S.438
31.045
2.26.4.. Va'5.285
3.174
17.760
3167S
15 245
6 430
32 842
15 592
_17 250
37 557
20 033
17 524
40.813
22.866
17.947
71830
_ 49 074
22 756
84 978
92.229
52MisML...lM23
27 537
34,206
106 245
71455
34.790
114 663
78 756
35 906
134 704
.«^229
37.475
170.565
.•.il^.48I
56.084
Nguon: Cue Quan ly Giam sat Bao hiSm - B 8 Tdi chinh
Cdc doanh nghifp bdo hiem da tao lap nguon
vdn trung vd dai han cho dau tuphdt ttiln kinh te
- xa hgi. So tiln ddu tu ttd Iai nen kinh te tang
trudng qua cdc nam, td cuoi nam 2007 tdng sd
tien diu tu chi Id 44.945 ty ding vd cho den cuoi
2014 tdng ddu tu cua thi trudng bao hilm da
tang len 121.400 ty ddng, ttong do tdng dau tu
ciia khu vuc BH PNT Id 23.600 ty ddng va tong
ddu tu ciia khu virc BH NT la 97.600 ty dong.
Bdng 3: T§ng d^u tu- thi trudng bdo hilm giai do^n 2009 - 2014
31/12/2009
'
T6ng
BHNT
BHPNT
.
.
31/12/2010
31/12/2011
: ^ ^
19.313
47.593
66.906
_^
31/12/2012
.
23 052
57.487
80.539
•
22.946
60.134"^': ^
83.080
31/12/2013
'
24.688
64.879
89.567
•
^ ^
Don vj: T^ d^ng
31/12/2014
' ,
23.232
81.000
104.232
.
\
23.600
97.800""" '
121.400
Nguin: Q i c Qudn 1^ Giam sat Bdo hiem - Bo Tai chinh
Hif u qud kinh doanh
Cdc doanh nghi$p bdo hilm dat miic tang
trudng doanh thu phi cao tuy nhien kit qua kinh
doanh chua thuc su hieu qud. Ho^t dgng bdo
hilm hdu nhu thua Id, t^ le bdi thudng vd ty le
chi phi cao. Cdc doanh nghiep bdo hilm phi
nhdn thg cd ty sudt smh lditiidp,ROE chi d muc
6-8%. HIU hit cdc doanh nghiep iky boat ddng
Stf 66 (3+4/2015)
dau tu tdi cliinh de bii dap thua Id cho boat ddng
kinh doanh bdo hiem. Chi phi boat ddng kinh
doanh vd chi phi bdi thudng cua cdc doanh
nghiep bdo hiem phi nhan thg ludn d miic cao do
cdc nguyen nhan: (i) chdt lugng khai thdc, cdng
tdc qudn tri rui ro cua cdc doanh nghiep bdo
hiem phi nhdn thg cdn yeu kem, (ii) canh tranh
QUAN Lf KINH T£
Q
I C T l
MiiHIlM cflu TBAO Bdi
THI TRUflNG B/lO HlilVI VA CHtNH SACH..
khong lanh manh thSng qua ha phi thap, ma
rpng iiivi kiSn bao hiim khong tuong xtog voi
itiTO;(iii) tmh tr?ng true Igri bao hiSm, dac bi$t
46i v6i mot s6 nghiSp vu nhu bio hiim xe co
gioi, bao liiSm con ngu&i, bao liiem than tau
ngay cang diln ra trSn quy md 16n; (iv) mang
luori Idiai thac cSng kinh, c6ng tac khai thac con
mang nSng thii tuc hanh chinh, h6 thdng cong
nghS ciia hSuhit cac doanh nghiep b4ohiimphi
nhan tho chua ddp iing yeu clu quan ly; (v) tra
hoa h^ng v4 tang khuyin mSi cho khach hang ki
ck dii v6i cdc nghidp vu bdo hiim bat buOc nhu
bao hiem trdch nhiSm d§n su xe co gioi; (vi) he
thing kenh phSn phdi mil rOng nhung kim hiSu
qud, c6 din 80% so lucmg chi nhdnh cua cdc
doanh nghifp bdo hiim phi nhdn thp bi thua 18.
Bang 4: Khd nang sinh IM cfla cdc doanh nghifp bdo hiim (2009-2014)
Bcmvl
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
BHPNT " " ^ K 4 ^ > " A .„._.«_-_____™_™„'i'^S*5.i'«e:R ".^s^s^fr. vL^is^jgi^
Lpi nhu^ thuin ho^t
dong bao hilm
™L9i nhuan thu^n hoat
d0ng tai chinh
Lgi nhuSn tnr6c thul
^ Lgi nhuan sau flie
Ty le boi thudng
TJdSng
- T?lechipMi^^H_
ROE
-336
Ty^fes «667
%
%
%
BHNT
I I H i Him^
L(fl ohuln tbuEin ho^t
dOng bdo hi^m
. L^i nhuM thuin hoat
dgng tai cbinh
Lpi nhuan tniac thue
^Loi nhuIn sau the
Ty le chl phi
^ROE
-257
-359
TJdSng 1.099
I.S95 1.826
^WSm.- - i^mm^s^.isMssm^-^.-miL-TJdong
850
1.250
1.484
_.95iSj»M6
45,5
44,6
•"^5!2"^™l0,9
5,7
6,6
.
3
1.813
^^S^^^^
1.841
^226
47,4
"^1,9
6,3
TJdang
^
-2.305
-2.257
Tyd6ng
4.186
4.543
4.960
Ty dong 1.870
^ S n g 1A9S
%
78,1
%
12,92
2.202
.4741
^5,1
14,35
2.102
1.528
96,3
10,95
46,3
42,9
8,2
,^g^^^M
-2.892
-2.886
3.723
-144
-j^H
-189
J ^ H
1.522
1.423
"S.023.^;^iO_ ^
43,8
43,0
42,4
5,8
"^',8
5,5
i
-3.768
6.172
854
2.408
^_573___;""T.692
"93,9"
"79,2
"^3 jwm9f '
J
7.409
2.134
1.506
92
-T,8
!
Ngii6n: Uy ban Gidm sat T^ chinh Qudc gia
Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nhan thg cd t^
sudt sinh Idi cao ban doanh nghiep bdo hiem phi
nhdn thg. Tuy nhien chi phi ban hang va chi phi
qudn If cao, Igi nhuan tu ho^t ddng ddu tu tdi
chinh vdn Id ngudn chii yeu bu ddp cho thua Id
trong boat dgng kmh doanh bdo hilm. Tinh
trang true Igi trong bdo hilm nhdn thg ciing Id
nguydn nhdn day chi phi khu vuc nay tang
cao.nghe cua hau hgt cdc doanh nghiep bdo
hiem phi nhan thg chua dap dng yeu cdu qudn
if; (v) trd hoa hdng vd tdng khuyin mai cho
khdch hdng ke cd ddi vdi cdc nghi?p vu bdo
hiem bat budc nhu bdo hilm trach nhiem dan sg
xe CO gidi; (vi) he thing kenh phdn phdi md
rdng nhung kem hieu qua, cd din 80% sd lugng
chi nhanh ciia cac doanh nghiep bdo hilm phi
nhdn thg hi thua Id.
Ei
QU&NLtKINHT^
3. Chmh sach gidm sdt th; trtrdng bdo hilm
VietNam
Khung phdp ly cho hogt ddng gidm sdt thi
tru&ng bdo hiim
Khung phdp Iy cho ho^t ddng gidm sdt bdo
hiem bao gdm hai nhdm: Nhdm cdc van bdn
phdp quy trtre tilp dilu chinh hoat dgng giam
sat bdo hiem va nhdm cac van ban phap quy ldm
CO sd thvc hien boat dOng gidm sdt bdo hilm.
Khung phdp Iy true tilp dilu chinh hoat ddng
giam sat bdo hiem Bao gom cdc van bdn ehinh
nhu Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm sd
24/20I0/QH10 ngdy 19/12/2000 do Qudc hdi
Nudc CHXHCNViitNambanhanh,Nghidihh
sd 41/20D9/IW-CP vl xu* phat vi pham hdnh
chinh trong lihh vgc kmh doanh bdo hilm
(KDBH), Quyet dinh sd 34/2008/QD-TTg ngay
Stf 66 (3+4/2015}
I H I TRUdWG BAO HliM VA CHfNH SACH...
3/3/2008 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu vl viec
thdnh I$p Uy ban Gidm sdt Tdi ehinh Qudc gia,
Quylt dinh 79/2009/QD-TTg ngdy 18/5/2009
cda Thu tudng Chlnh phu vl chdc nang, nhiem
vii cua Uy ban Gidm sdt Tdi chhih Qudc gia
(UBGSTCQG); trong dd quy dinh
UBGSTCQG gidm sdt ehung thi trudng tdi
chinh trong do cd thj trudng bdo hilm, Quylt
dinhsd288/2009/QD-BTCngdy 12/2/2009 eiia
Bd trudng Bg Tdi chinh quy dinh nhiem vg,
quyen ban vd co can td chdc cua Cue qudn ly
Nhdm van bdn thd 2 Id cdc van bdn Idm co sd
thuc hien hoat dgng gidm sat bdo hilm nhdm
ndy bao gdm ludt KDBH sd 24/10/QHlO ngay
19/12/2000 do Qude Hdi Nudc CHXHCN Vidt
Nam ban hdnh; Ludt sda ddi bd sung mgt sd dilu
cda Lu|lt kinh doanh bdo hilm sd
61/2010/QH12 ngdy 24/11/2010 do Qudc hdi
Nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam ban hanh; Nghi duih
45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007 quy dinh chi
tilt viec thi hanh mdt sd dilu tai Ludt KDBH;Nghi dinh 46/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007 quy
dinh che dd tdi chinh dli vdi doanh nghiep bdo
hiem vd doanh nghiep mdi gidi bao hilm; Nghi
djnh 123/2011/ND-CP ngdy 28/12/2011 quy
dinh chi tilt thi hdnh mgt sd dilu cua Ludt sda
ddi, bd sung mOt sd dilu Lu^t KDBH vd sda ddi,
bl sung mdt sd dilu ciia ND 45/2007/ND-CR
Ben canh dd Id mgt lo^t cdc thdng tu do cdc Bd
chuyen ngdnh so^n thdo nhdm hudng ddn viec
thuc hien cdc van bdn ludt vd Nghi dinh neu
tren.
Npi dung chink sack gidm sdt thi trudng
bdo hiim VietNam
Theo dilu 120, Chuong VEI, Luat KDBH, ndi
dung qudn 1^, gidm sdt thi trudng bdo hiem
(TTBH) bao gdm khd nhilu khia canh, trong dd
quy djnh rd: "Ap dimg cdc bien phdp cdn thilt
dl doanh nghiep bdo hiem (DNBH) ddm bdo
cdc yeu cau ve tdi chinh vd thuc hien cam kit vdi
ben mua bdo hiem". Do vdy, viec gidm sdt thi
trudng bdo hiem Viet Nam tap trung vdo nhiing
muc tieu chinh sau:
- Ddm bdo khd ndng chi trd cua doanh nghiep
bao hiem;
- Ddm bdo canh tranh Idnh manh giiia cdc td
chiic KDBH;
Stf 66 (3+4/20151
NGHIEN cum TltAO DOI
^M
- Bdo ve ngudi tieu diing (ngudi tham gia bdo
hiem hay ngudi mua hgp ddng bao hiem);
- Dam bdo lanh manh tdi chinh, an todn cua thi
trudng bdo hiem td do gdp phdn dn dinh he
thdng tdi chinh Viet Nam.
Gidm sdi cdc tieu chudn, diiu Men hoat ddng
KDBH
Day Id ngi dung gidm sdt trudc khi cdp gidy
phep Ihanh lap va boat ddng KDBH. Thgc chdt
Id gidm sat viec dam bdo cdc dieu kien tham gia
thi trudng theo phap ludt quy djnh tren co sd
thdm dinh hd so xin cdp gidy phep thanh lap vd
boat dgng.
- Kilm tra nhan su: Viec kilm tra dugc thuc
hien thdng qua cac tdi Heu, thdng tin trong hd so
xin cap gidy phep nhu Iy Ijch, van bdng chiing
minh nang luc, trinh dd chuyen mdn, nghiep vy
cda ngudi qudn trj, ngudi dilu hanh doanh
nghiep.
- Thdm djnh tu each phdp Iy, khd nang tdi
chinh cda cdc chu ddu tu: Phap ludt vl KDBH
Viet Nam hien nay da cu the hda dieu kien tdi
thieu ve mat tai chinh cho viec cdp phep, dd Id:
sd vdn dieu le da gdp hoac vdn dugc cap khdng
thdp hon mdc vdn phap dinh theo quy djnh cua
Chinhphu.
- Thdm dinh ve nghiep vu: Cue Qudn Iy, giam
sat bdo hiem - Bg Tai chinh thdm dinh su phu
hgp cua cdc quy tac, dieu khodn, bilu phi bdo
hiem vdi cdc quy djnh phdp ludt hien hdnh, dilu
kien kinh te - xa hdi va phong tuc, tap qudn ddn
tdc; tinh khd thi ve kinh te, ky thuat cua phuang
dn kinh doanh.
Gidm sdt trong qud trinh hogt dgng
- Khd nang thanh toan: Theo phdp luat ve
KDBH tai Viet Nam hien nay, mgt DNBH dugc
coi Id du kha nang thanh toan khi da trich Idp day
dii du phdng nghiep vu bao hiem va cd bien khd
nang Ihanh toan khdng thdp hon bien khd nang
thanh toan tdi thieu. Bien khd ndng thanh todn Id
khodn chenh lech giiia gia trj tdi sdn vd cdc
khodn ng phai trd cua DNBH tai thdi diem xdc
djnh khd nang thanh todn. Khi kha nang thanh
toan khdng dam bdo, DNBH phdi lap vdbdo cao
ngay vdi Bg Tai chinh phuang dn tdi chinh dl bd
sung phdn thieu hut. Phuang dn tdi chinh phdi
dugc thuc hien trong 90 ngdy ke td ngdy phdt
hien cd su thieu hut khd nang thanh todn.
QUANLYKINHTE
^
nguon tai.lieu . vn
HBHllN Cflu TPan niii
j ] ^ ^
THj TRl/CfNG BAO HIEM VA CHINH SACH GIAM SAT HOAT OQNG
KINH DOANH BAO HIEM TAI V | | T NAM
Nguyen Qu6c Vigt*, D S Thi Phwong Hoa**
Tdm tdt
toe do tang truong doanh thu binh quan khoang
Thi trudng bdo bdo hiim Vi$t Nam dd cd 15%, gi^p gidi quylt b6i thu&ng,findinh kinh tl
nhimg budc phdt triin nhdt dinh ki tu ddu xd hgi, ddu tu tta I^i nen kinh te vd giai quyet
nhicng ndm 1990. Tuy nhiin, hogt ddng cda thim6t s6 lugng 16n lao dQng cho nin kinh tl (Bg
trudng hien ngy cho thdy nhiiu ddu Miu phdt Tdi chinh, 2012). Tuy nhien, vhi con nhiing vdn
triin chua bin vieng, dgc biit di ddm bdo quyin dl bdt c|lp nhu thi trucmg Bdo hilm phdt triln
vd Igi ich hgp phdp cua cdc bin tham gia tM chua thuc su ben vung, quy m6 th; trudng con
tru&ng. Bdi viet «ay tap trung phdn tieh thuc nh6, v6n kinh doanh cua cdc doanh nghiep bdo
trgng hogt ddng Mnh doanh bdo hiim tinh tic hiem c6n ban che, hien tugng canhttanhkhong
thai diim Viet nam gia nhgp Td chiec Thuang ldnh manh vdtrtic Igi bdo hiem ngay cang tinh vi
mgi Thi gidi (WTO) vd cdc chinh sdch gidm sdt vd CO xu huong gia tang (T6 Nggc Hung, 2011).
cua nhd nu&c ddi vdi hogt dgng Mnh doanh bdoBen canh d6, thi truong Bdo hiem dang ngdy
Mem nhdm thuc day phdt triin thi trudng bdo cdng hgi nhap sau vdo thi trudng khu vuc va the
hiim bin vimg, dn dinh, bdo ve quyin vd Igi ich gidi, sdn phdm ngdy cdng da dgng va phiic tgp,
mdi trudng canh ttanh khde li|t. Do do ddi hdi
ciia khdch hdng tham gia mdt cdch Miu qud.
Tir kh6a: Thi truong bdo hiem, gidm sat thi chinh sdch qudn ly gidm sdt phdi phu hgp vdi
cdc nguyen tac vd chudn muc qudc te.
truong, quyen loi nguoi tham gia bdo hiem.
Bdi viet ndy tap tnmg phdn tich thuc trang
boat
ddng kinh doanh bdo hiem tinh tir thdi
l.D^tv^nd^
Hoat dgng bdo liiem eo tam dnh huong sdu diem Viet nam gia nhap WTO vd cdc chinh sdch
rgng khong ehi den cdc cd nhdn, hg gia dinh, giam sat ciia nha nudc vdi hoat ddng kinh doanh
doanh nghiep ma con dnh hudng doi vai nen bdo hiem nhdm thiic ddy phdt triSn thi trudng
kinh te. Ngodi ra, hoat dgng bdo hiSm ham chiia Bdo hiem ben vGng, dn dinh, bdo ve khdch hdng
rdt nhiiu nii ro. Diiu ndy doi hoi elm phdi dugc tham gia bdo hiem mgt cdch hi^u qud.
gidm sat chat che vi muc tieu bao v.e quyen va
Igi ich hpp phap cua nguoi tham gia bao hiem,
2. Thyc trang hoat ddng kinh doanh tren
nguoi dugc bao hiem, nguoi duoc huong quyen thi trirdng bao hilm Vi^t Nam
50 lugng doanh nghiip bdo hiim
ipi bao hiem; dambao suphat trien ben viifng va
bao h6 loi ich chmh dang cua cac doanh nghiep
Thih din thdi dilm31/I2/2014 thi trudng bdo
bao hiSm; dilu chinh, thiic ddy hoat d0ng kmh hilm cd 60 cong ty bao hiem ttong do co 29
doanh bao hilm phat ttiln theo yeu cdu phat cdng ty Bao hilm Phi nhdn thg (BH PNT), 17
cdng ty Bdo hiem nhan thg ( BH NT), 2 cdng ty
triln kinh te - xa hpi cua ddt nuoc.
Nganh Bao hilm dangttathdnh ngdnh kinh te tdi bdo hiem va 12 cdng ty mdi gidi bdo hiem. 60
quan ttgng ttong viec phdt trien kinh te xa hgi Cdng ty bdo hilm thugc mgi thanh phdn kinh tl,
cua ddt nu6c. K I tii khi chinh thiic di vdo hoat ttong dd 25 cdng ty trdch nhiem hftu ban
dSng tu nam 1993 din naytiiihucmg bao hilm (TNHH) I thdnh vien, 8 cdng ty TNHH 2 thanh
dd dat dugc nhimg kit qud rdt dang khich le nhu vienttdlen vd 24 cdng ty cd phdn.
* Nguyen Qu6c\^et, Tien sT,Tni6ng Dai hgc Kinh t6 - D^i hgc Quoc gia HiN$i,
*• D§ Thi Phuong Hoa, ^ y ban Gidm sitTSi chinh Qudc gia.
Stf 66 (3+4/20151
QUANLVKINHTE Q I
I W l
MBHieMCflUTMOBiil
THI TRUflMG BAO HIEM VA CHINH SACH..
Bang 1. S6 lirgng vk loai Unh doanh nghiep bdo hiem
Loai Mnh doanh Dghlgp/Hinh thih: phip IJ
TNHH 1 thinh vign
TNHH 2 thinh vi§n
tr»lSn
CSpb^n
Tfingc^ng
PM
Nhin thp
7
Mdi gidd bdo hi^m
T^ng c$ng^
Ngu6n: Cue quSn I}? \k Gidm sat b i o hiem
Mdt d^c dilm cua thi trudng bdo hilm hi$n nay
Id thi phdn doanh thu phi bdo hilm chii ylu red
vdo tay cac doanh nghi$p Idn, cu thi 5 doanh
ngjiiep bdo hilm phi nhdn thg va 5 doanh nghiep
bdo hilm nhdn thg hdng ddu tuang dng chilm
tdi 91% vd 67% thi phan tdng doanh thu phi bdo
hiem.
Hinh 1: Doanh thu phf th} trirdng Bdo hiim Vi|t Nam giai doan 2007-2014
Dent vf: Tp 3ong
• BHPNTPBHNT
Ngu6n: Cue Qudn 1^ vk Gidm sSt bdo hilm -BO Tii chinh
Nam 2007 Id nam dau tien Vift Nam thgc hi?n
cam kit khittdtiidnhthdnh vien thd 150 ciia Td
chiic Thuang mai thi gidi WTO. Nin kinh tl
Viet Nam md ciia va hdi nhdp sdu rdng vdi
nhieu co h^i vd thdch thdc. Ngdnh bdo hilm
cung dat dugc nhitag budc phdt triln tuong iing.
Doanh thu phf bdo hilm 2007 toan thi tnrdng
bdo hilm dat 17.640 ty ddng, tang 18%ttongdd
doanh thu phi BH PNT Id 8.213 ty ddng, tang
28% va doanh thu phi BH NT Id 9.437 ^ ddng,
tang 11% so vdi 2006.
Hinh 2: T6C do tang tnrdng doanh thu phi thi trirdng Bao hilm Viet Nam giai doan 2007-2014
- BH PNT
2007
2008
2009
^ • T o i n thj budrng BH
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Ngu6n: t6ng h(?p tii nhi^u ngu6n ciia tdc gid
Q
QUAN Lf KINH TE
Stf 66 (3-f 4/20151
NBHIEHCflUTPflnniSi
IHI TRUdNG BAO HIJM VA CHINH SACH..
Nam 2013,2014 cdc doanhnghiep tiln hanh
tai CO cdu toan dien, tdc dd tdng tnrdng doanh
thu phi bdt d^u c6 s\r hii phuc vd tang cao ttd l?ii
mac dli kinh tl vi md phuc hdi cham. Cdc doanh
nghiep bdo hiem ph^ ddy manh phat triln sdn
phdm mdi vd khaitiidccdc san phdm ban le dl
dam bdo tdng trudng. Tmh din cudi nam 2014,
tdng doanh thu phi bdo hilm d^t khodng 53.000
t^ ddng, tang 13 % so vdi cimg k^ nam 2013.
Khu vuc BH NT dat 26.6491^ ddng, tang 18%
vd khu wrc BH PNT dat 26.679 t^ ddng, tang
9%. Cdng vdi sy phdt triln ciia thi trudng bdo
hiem, quy md vdn vd tdng tdi sdn cua cdc doanh
j
^
J
nghiep bao hiem dugc tang trudng qua cac nam.
Quy mo VCSH va TTS cua thi trudng bdo hiem
duge tang tu 13.880 ty ddng va 56.328 ty ddng
ndm 2007 len tdi 32.842 ty dong vd 114.663 ty
ddng nam 2014. Nhu vay quy md vdn chu sd
hiiu (VCSH) va tdng tdi sdn (TTS) da dugc tang
len hon 2 Ian sau 7 nam phdt triln. Tuy nhien tdc
do tang manh nhdt Id vdo cdc nam 2007,2008
khi VCSH va TTS tang hrang ling len tdi 114%
vd 46%, nguyen nhan Id rdt nhieu cdc doanh
nghiep bdo hiem dd dugc thdnh I$p mdi vd
chmhtinicdi vdo hoat ddngttongnam 2007 vd
2008.
Bdng 2. V6n chu sd hfru vd T6ng tai sdn tiu trudng bao hilm (2007-2014)
2007
2008
3 880
5 541
8 339
56328
. .^^^,aJii78
16 650
T8RR
BHNT
BHPiNl
T6ng
BHNT_
BHPNT
2011
2012
2013
Bern VI: Ty dong
2014
22.722
11.115
11.607
2009
2010
Von chu sd'^hfiu
S.438
31.045
2.26.4.. Va'5.285
3.174
17.760
3167S
15 245
6 430
32 842
15 592
_17 250
37 557
20 033
17 524
40.813
22.866
17.947
71830
_ 49 074
22 756
84 978
92.229
52MisML...lM23
27 537
34,206
106 245
71455
34.790
114 663
78 756
35 906
134 704
.«^229
37.475
170.565
.•.il^.48I
56.084
Nguon: Cue Quan ly Giam sat Bao hiSm - B 8 Tdi chinh
Cdc doanh nghifp bdo hiem da tao lap nguon
vdn trung vd dai han cho dau tuphdt ttiln kinh te
- xa hgi. So tiln ddu tu ttd Iai nen kinh te tang
trudng qua cdc nam, td cuoi nam 2007 tdng sd
tien diu tu chi Id 44.945 ty ding vd cho den cuoi
2014 tdng ddu tu cua thi trudng bao hilm da
tang len 121.400 ty ddng, ttong do tdng dau tu
ciia khu vuc BH PNT Id 23.600 ty ddng va tong
ddu tu ciia khu virc BH NT la 97.600 ty dong.
Bdng 3: T§ng d^u tu- thi trudng bdo hilm giai do^n 2009 - 2014
31/12/2009
'
T6ng
BHNT
BHPNT
.
.
31/12/2010
31/12/2011
: ^ ^
19.313
47.593
66.906
_^
31/12/2012
.
23 052
57.487
80.539
•
22.946
60.134"^': ^
83.080
31/12/2013
'
24.688
64.879
89.567
•
^ ^
Don vj: T^ d^ng
31/12/2014
' ,
23.232
81.000
104.232
.
\
23.600
97.800""" '
121.400
Nguin: Q i c Qudn 1^ Giam sat Bdo hiem - Bo Tai chinh
Hif u qud kinh doanh
Cdc doanh nghi$p bdo hilm dat miic tang
trudng doanh thu phi cao tuy nhien kit qua kinh
doanh chua thuc su hieu qud. Ho^t dgng bdo
hilm hdu nhu thua Id, t^ le bdi thudng vd ty le
chi phi cao. Cdc doanh nghiep bdo hilm phi
nhdn thg cd ty sudt smh lditiidp,ROE chi d muc
6-8%. HIU hit cdc doanh nghiep iky boat ddng
Stf 66 (3+4/2015)
dau tu tdi cliinh de bii dap thua Id cho boat ddng
kinh doanh bdo hiem. Chi phi boat ddng kinh
doanh vd chi phi bdi thudng cua cdc doanh
nghiep bdo hiem phi nhan thg ludn d miic cao do
cdc nguyen nhan: (i) chdt lugng khai thdc, cdng
tdc qudn tri rui ro cua cdc doanh nghiep bdo
hiem phi nhdn thg cdn yeu kem, (ii) canh tranh
QUAN Lf KINH T£
Q
I C T l
MiiHIlM cflu TBAO Bdi
THI TRUflNG B/lO HlilVI VA CHtNH SACH..
khong lanh manh thSng qua ha phi thap, ma
rpng iiivi kiSn bao hiim khong tuong xtog voi
itiTO;(iii) tmh tr?ng true Igri bao hiSm, dac bi$t
46i v6i mot s6 nghiSp vu nhu bio hiim xe co
gioi, bao liiSm con ngu&i, bao liiem than tau
ngay cang diln ra trSn quy md 16n; (iv) mang
luori Idiai thac cSng kinh, c6ng tac khai thac con
mang nSng thii tuc hanh chinh, h6 thdng cong
nghS ciia hSuhit cac doanh nghiep b4ohiimphi
nhan tho chua ddp iing yeu clu quan ly; (v) tra
hoa h^ng v4 tang khuyin mSi cho khach hang ki
ck dii v6i cdc nghidp vu bdo hiim bat buOc nhu
bao hiem trdch nhiSm d§n su xe co gioi; (vi) he
thing kenh phSn phdi mil rOng nhung kim hiSu
qud, c6 din 80% so lucmg chi nhdnh cua cdc
doanh nghifp bdo hiim phi nhdn thp bi thua 18.
Bang 4: Khd nang sinh IM cfla cdc doanh nghifp bdo hiim (2009-2014)
Bcmvl
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
BHPNT " " ^ K 4 ^ > " A .„._.«_-_____™_™„'i'^S*5.i'«e:R ".^s^s^fr. vL^is^jgi^
Lpi nhu^ thuin ho^t
dong bao hilm
™L9i nhuan thu^n hoat
d0ng tai chinh
Lgi nhuSn tnr6c thul
^ Lgi nhuan sau flie
Ty le boi thudng
TJdSng
- T?lechipMi^^H_
ROE
-336
Ty^fes «667
%
%
%
BHNT
I I H i Him^
L(fl ohuln tbuEin ho^t
dOng bdo hi^m
. L^i nhuM thuin hoat
dgng tai cbinh
Lpi nhuan tniac thue
^Loi nhuIn sau the
Ty le chl phi
^ROE
-257
-359
TJdSng 1.099
I.S95 1.826
^WSm.- - i^mm^s^.isMssm^-^.-miL-TJdong
850
1.250
1.484
_.95iSj»M6
45,5
44,6
•"^5!2"^™l0,9
5,7
6,6
.
3
1.813
^^S^^^^
1.841
^226
47,4
"^1,9
6,3
TJdang
^
-2.305
-2.257
Tyd6ng
4.186
4.543
4.960
Ty dong 1.870
^ S n g 1A9S
%
78,1
%
12,92
2.202
.4741
^5,1
14,35
2.102
1.528
96,3
10,95
46,3
42,9
8,2
,^g^^^M
-2.892
-2.886
3.723
-144
-j^H
-189
J ^ H
1.522
1.423
"S.023.^;^iO_ ^
43,8
43,0
42,4
5,8
"^',8
5,5
i
-3.768
6.172
854
2.408
^_573___;""T.692
"93,9"
"79,2
"^3 jwm9f '
J
7.409
2.134
1.506
92
-T,8
!
Ngii6n: Uy ban Gidm sat T^ chinh Qudc gia
Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nhan thg cd t^
sudt sinh Idi cao ban doanh nghiep bdo hiem phi
nhdn thg. Tuy nhien chi phi ban hang va chi phi
qudn If cao, Igi nhuan tu ho^t ddng ddu tu tdi
chinh vdn Id ngudn chii yeu bu ddp cho thua Id
trong boat dgng kmh doanh bdo hilm. Tinh
trang true Igi trong bdo hilm nhdn thg ciing Id
nguydn nhdn day chi phi khu vuc nay tang
cao.nghe cua hau hgt cdc doanh nghiep bdo
hiem phi nhan thg chua dap dng yeu cdu qudn
if; (v) trd hoa hdng vd tdng khuyin mai cho
khdch hdng ke cd ddi vdi cdc nghi?p vu bdo
hiem bat budc nhu bdo hilm trach nhiem dan sg
xe CO gidi; (vi) he thing kenh phdn phdi md
rdng nhung kem hieu qua, cd din 80% sd lugng
chi nhanh ciia cac doanh nghiep bdo hilm phi
nhdn thg hi thua Id.
Ei
QU&NLtKINHT^
3. Chmh sach gidm sdt th; trtrdng bdo hilm
VietNam
Khung phdp ly cho hogt ddng gidm sdt thi
tru&ng bdo hiim
Khung phdp Iy cho ho^t ddng gidm sdt bdo
hiem bao gdm hai nhdm: Nhdm cdc van bdn
phdp quy trtre tilp dilu chinh hoat dgng giam
sat bdo hiem va nhdm cac van ban phap quy ldm
CO sd thvc hien boat dOng gidm sdt bdo hilm.
Khung phdp Iy true tilp dilu chinh hoat ddng
giam sat bdo hiem Bao gom cdc van bdn ehinh
nhu Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm sd
24/20I0/QH10 ngdy 19/12/2000 do Qudc hdi
Nudc CHXHCNViitNambanhanh,Nghidihh
sd 41/20D9/IW-CP vl xu* phat vi pham hdnh
chinh trong lihh vgc kmh doanh bdo hilm
(KDBH), Quyet dinh sd 34/2008/QD-TTg ngay
Stf 66 (3+4/2015}
I H I TRUdWG BAO HliM VA CHfNH SACH...
3/3/2008 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu vl viec
thdnh I$p Uy ban Gidm sdt Tdi ehinh Qudc gia,
Quylt dinh 79/2009/QD-TTg ngdy 18/5/2009
cda Thu tudng Chlnh phu vl chdc nang, nhiem
vii cua Uy ban Gidm sdt Tdi chhih Qudc gia
(UBGSTCQG); trong dd quy dinh
UBGSTCQG gidm sdt ehung thi trudng tdi
chinh trong do cd thj trudng bdo hilm, Quylt
dinhsd288/2009/QD-BTCngdy 12/2/2009 eiia
Bd trudng Bg Tdi chinh quy dinh nhiem vg,
quyen ban vd co can td chdc cua Cue qudn ly
Nhdm van bdn thd 2 Id cdc van bdn Idm co sd
thuc hien hoat dgng gidm sat bdo hilm nhdm
ndy bao gdm ludt KDBH sd 24/10/QHlO ngay
19/12/2000 do Qude Hdi Nudc CHXHCN Vidt
Nam ban hdnh; Ludt sda ddi bd sung mgt sd dilu
cda Lu|lt kinh doanh bdo hilm sd
61/2010/QH12 ngdy 24/11/2010 do Qudc hdi
Nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam ban hanh; Nghi duih
45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007 quy dinh chi
tilt viec thi hanh mdt sd dilu tai Ludt KDBH;Nghi dinh 46/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007 quy
dinh che dd tdi chinh dli vdi doanh nghiep bdo
hiem vd doanh nghiep mdi gidi bao hilm; Nghi
djnh 123/2011/ND-CP ngdy 28/12/2011 quy
dinh chi tilt thi hdnh mgt sd dilu cua Ludt sda
ddi, bd sung mOt sd dilu Lu^t KDBH vd sda ddi,
bl sung mdt sd dilu ciia ND 45/2007/ND-CR
Ben canh dd Id mgt lo^t cdc thdng tu do cdc Bd
chuyen ngdnh so^n thdo nhdm hudng ddn viec
thuc hien cdc van bdn ludt vd Nghi dinh neu
tren.
Npi dung chink sack gidm sdt thi trudng
bdo hiim VietNam
Theo dilu 120, Chuong VEI, Luat KDBH, ndi
dung qudn 1^, gidm sdt thi trudng bdo hiem
(TTBH) bao gdm khd nhilu khia canh, trong dd
quy djnh rd: "Ap dimg cdc bien phdp cdn thilt
dl doanh nghiep bdo hiem (DNBH) ddm bdo
cdc yeu cau ve tdi chinh vd thuc hien cam kit vdi
ben mua bdo hiem". Do vdy, viec gidm sdt thi
trudng bdo hiem Viet Nam tap trung vdo nhiing
muc tieu chinh sau:
- Ddm bdo khd ndng chi trd cua doanh nghiep
bao hiem;
- Ddm bdo canh tranh Idnh manh giiia cdc td
chiic KDBH;
Stf 66 (3+4/20151
NGHIEN cum TltAO DOI
^M
- Bdo ve ngudi tieu diing (ngudi tham gia bdo
hiem hay ngudi mua hgp ddng bao hiem);
- Dam bdo lanh manh tdi chinh, an todn cua thi
trudng bdo hiem td do gdp phdn dn dinh he
thdng tdi chinh Viet Nam.
Gidm sdi cdc tieu chudn, diiu Men hoat ddng
KDBH
Day Id ngi dung gidm sdt trudc khi cdp gidy
phep Ihanh lap va boat ddng KDBH. Thgc chdt
Id gidm sat viec dam bdo cdc dieu kien tham gia
thi trudng theo phap ludt quy djnh tren co sd
thdm dinh hd so xin cdp gidy phep thanh lap vd
boat dgng.
- Kilm tra nhan su: Viec kilm tra dugc thuc
hien thdng qua cac tdi Heu, thdng tin trong hd so
xin cap gidy phep nhu Iy Ijch, van bdng chiing
minh nang luc, trinh dd chuyen mdn, nghiep vy
cda ngudi qudn trj, ngudi dilu hanh doanh
nghiep.
- Thdm djnh tu each phdp Iy, khd nang tdi
chinh cda cdc chu ddu tu: Phap ludt vl KDBH
Viet Nam hien nay da cu the hda dieu kien tdi
thieu ve mat tai chinh cho viec cdp phep, dd Id:
sd vdn dieu le da gdp hoac vdn dugc cap khdng
thdp hon mdc vdn phap dinh theo quy djnh cua
Chinhphu.
- Thdm dinh ve nghiep vu: Cue Qudn Iy, giam
sat bdo hiem - Bg Tai chinh thdm dinh su phu
hgp cua cdc quy tac, dieu khodn, bilu phi bdo
hiem vdi cdc quy djnh phdp ludt hien hdnh, dilu
kien kinh te - xa hdi va phong tuc, tap qudn ddn
tdc; tinh khd thi ve kinh te, ky thuat cua phuang
dn kinh doanh.
Gidm sdt trong qud trinh hogt dgng
- Khd nang thanh toan: Theo phdp luat ve
KDBH tai Viet Nam hien nay, mgt DNBH dugc
coi Id du kha nang thanh toan khi da trich Idp day
dii du phdng nghiep vu bao hiem va cd bien khd
nang Ihanh toan khdng thdp hon bien khd nang
thanh toan tdi thieu. Bien khd ndng thanh todn Id
khodn chenh lech giiia gia trj tdi sdn vd cdc
khodn ng phai trd cua DNBH tai thdi diem xdc
djnh khd nang thanh todn. Khi kha nang thanh
toan khdng dam bdo, DNBH phdi lap vdbdo cao
ngay vdi Bg Tai chinh phuang dn tdi chinh dl bd
sung phdn thieu hut. Phuang dn tdi chinh phdi
dugc thuc hien trong 90 ngdy ke td ngdy phdt
hien cd su thieu hut khd nang thanh todn.
QUANLYKINHTE
^