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- sfi LIEU CAI CACH RUONG DAT OTTHAI B ) N H (1945-1954)
NGUYEN VAN KHOAN'
C fich mgng Thfing Tfim nfim 1945
thflnh cfing, Thfii Blnh dfi chia lgi
cfing diln cho nara nfl tfl 18 t u i i trd lfin vfl
vfl 9 xa cua huy§n Tifin Hflng, bfit dfiu tfl
ngfly 1-2-1955, ktft thfle vflo thflng 4-1955.
Sau mtft thdi gian 'lfin xfin" vy "Dflc chua
chia mfit phfin rufing bfin cfing, bfln tfl cho vflo Nam"... dpt 8 triln khai trfin cflc huyfin
nfing dfin, quy djnh giam tfi 25% so vdi edn lgi, efic xfl cdn lgi cua Tifin Hflng, bflt
trfldc. "Bfldc dfiu, binh qufin chitfm hflu dfiu tfl thfing 4-1955, ktft thfle vflo thfing 6
rufing dtft eiia etf nfing Ifi 94m', bfin nfing eflng nflm. Ca hai dyt diu do Dofln I eai
450m*, trung nfing 1488m', phfl nfing cfich rufing dtft chi dao, ed nhilu dfii, moi
3600m', dia ehu nhd 11.100m2, dja ehu bfic dpi tfl 8-15 cfin bfi.
trung 18.340m', dja chu ldn 72.000m'... (1). Ciing nhfl d cfic dja phfldng khfic, theo
Trong khfing chitfn ehtfng Phflp, khi "le" lflm gitfng nhau, eai efich rufing dfl't d
vflng du kich md rfing, Tinh iiy Thfii Binh Thai Binh cung titfn hflnh theo cac bfldc;
dfi tfip trung rufing dtft cua Vi$t gian, phfin bfit r l , xfiu chuli, "tim" b i n co nfing nghfio
dfing, rufing vfing chu, tgm ctfp, tgm giao kho, cd ofin thfl dja ehu lfim "cho dya".
cho nfing dfin. Rufing cfing trong vflng du Trong bfldc nfiy, efin bp phai ba cflng (cflng
kfch, dfl to cung dfldc ehia lai, efing bfing ftn, cflng d, ciing Iflm) vdi cfi nghfio, cd khi,
hdn. "Cho dtfn trflde nfim 1955, ctf nong dfi cd thfl...". Budc nfly dflpc "titfn hflnh" trong
cd 192m', b i n ndng 450m', trung ndng thdi gian tfl 7 dtfn 10 ngfly, cd nOi gin den
920m', phfl nfing chi cdn 2.520m', dia chu 15 ngfiy.
cdn 5.400m', dia chu ehitfm 2,8% dfin so vfi Bfldc thfl hai Ifl "phat dfing" nfing dfin ttf
chitfm lufin 13% ttfng stf rufing dtft trong khi, vach tfii ac vfi thu dogn bfic Ifit cua dja
tinh (2). chu, thfinh Iflp tfia fin (do dofin, dfii chi
Nfim 1953, cai each rufing dtft thflc hi$n djnh) d cfic xa d l xfit xfl dja chii, Dofin, doi
dot mfit thi diem tgi Thfii Nguyfin, dfin thi cd tofin quyln phfin xfl tfl giam tii den tfl
hfinh tdi cac vinh vflng tfl to... tdi cflc dpt 5, hinh. (Trong cai cflch rupng dfl't, Thai Binh
dot 6... Thai Binh cfii cfich rufing dfi't vflo da xfit xfl 1419 dia chu, trong dd cd 362 xit
dpt 7, dpt 8. Dpt 7, titfn hflnh thf dilm d 51 tfl hinh) (3). Bfldc nfly cd t h l kfio dfli dtfn 30
xa thufic hai huyfin Duyfin Ha, Hflng Nhfin ngfiy...
TS. Hdi Khoa hoc Lich sil Vi$t Nam
- 70 Rghien cflu L|eh afl. atf 11.2009
Bude thfl ba Ifl "bflt dja chu gifim tfl, 4.993 hd. Nhu vtfy Ifl quy sai (10.255- 4.993
thofli tfi, xfia ny, hofin np cho nfing dfin". = 5.265 htf), ty 1§ quy sai lfi 48,7%.
Trong bude nfly, dja ehii Thfii Blnh dfi thofli - Hg xutfng phfl nfing 1.449 h^.
tfi 2683 tfl'n, 253kg thdc cho nflng dfin. Stf
- Hg xutfng trung nfing 3.233 h^.
thfic nfly dfi dupe chia eho nflng dfln d l Ifi'y
• Hg xutfng bfin nfing 32 hfi.
fln mfl sfin xufl't, ehtfng ddi. Titfp dd lfi ehia
"qua thUe" ruong dfi't, nhfl cfla, trflu bd... - Hg xutfng thflnh p h i n Iao d^ng khflc 65
hd.
Trong cfii cfich rutfng dfi't, bd mfiy ehfnh
quyln ciia nhfl nUdc bj giai thl, xda bd. - Hg xutfng thflnh phfin ft rufing dtft cho
TrUdc tinh cd bay xfi, trong cfii cfich dofln phfit canh vfl thufi ngfldi lflm 169 hfl.
chia lai thfinh 294 xfi, thay dfi'i tfi't efi tfin cu • I Ig xutfng thflnh phfin vifin chflc 11 h^.
ciia xfi thfinh ten m6i (4). Cfin bd xfl gfin - 492 hd "dja chu, cfldng hflo, gian fie"
nhu bj logi gin htft, trong stf I8I7 cfin bd xfi duyc hg xutfng dja chu thudng, 91 hd dupc
chi cd 159 ngudi dupe gifl lgi lflm cflng tfic lfi dja ehii khfing chitfn, 5 hd dupc kifim
vdi dofln, dfii, dang vifin chitfm 17% t i n g stf cfing thUdng. Stf dia chu thudng duyc quy
cfin bd xa vdi 311 ngudi, phfin ldn dflpc ktft trong cfii cfich, dtfn lflc sfla sai cd 28 hfl
nap trong "cfii cfieh". "3196 dang vifin cfl hi 'lfin" dja chu, cfldng hfio, gian fie... (8).
khai trfl, 22 chi bd hi giai tfin, 120 chi bd bj
Sau khi sfla sai, "so dja chu" trong tinh
quy ket cfi Qutfc dan dfing chui vflo lung
cdn 5.328 hp, chitfm 2,14% tong so hd tofln
doan, 35 dang vifin bi XLI bfin" (5).
tinh.
'Tofin tinh Thai Binh da quy 10.225 hp Doi vdi phu nfing, trong cai each quy ra
Ifi dia chu; da tjch thu, trUng thu 78.666 5.805 hfl, trong cai cfich da quy 21 phfl
mflu rupng (29.135 ha); 7.456 trfiu bd; nfing lfin dja chii. ha thfinh phfin cho 4. 424
150.000 ta'n lUdng thUc chia cho 170 ngfin phu nfing xuong trung ndng, 6 hfi bfin nfing,
nfing dfin trong tofin tinh (6). 49 hd cho phfit canh thue ngfldi lflm; vifln
Binh quan rufing dtft cho mfit nhfin chflc cd 7 htf. Ktft thfle sfla sai tofln tinh cdn
khfiu sau eai efich nhU sau: 2.783 phfl nfing... (9).
- Dan nghfio: 2 sfio Sfla sai di dfii vdi d i n bfl tfli san. VI
- Co nflng: 2 sflo 8 thUdc rudng dfl't da d i n bfl 6.217 mflu 8 sflo 6
- B i n nong: 2 sfio 12 thUde thflde, trong dd 2.985 mfiu 5 sflo 10 thflde
den bfl cho cfic htf bj quy sai... VI trfiu bd,
- Trung nflng: 3 sflol thudc
trong cai cfich da tich thu, tnttig thu, trflng
- Phfl nong: 4 sfio mua 3.924 con. Khi sfla sai da d i n bfl 1.348
- Dja chu: 1 sflo 8 thude (7) (Trd Igi "\km" con... VI nhfi cfla da trfi lai cho 2.008 hfi
thfinh phfin "vfl san nfing thfln" "nghfio" trong tfi'ng stf 7.301 hd hi tjch thu sai... (10).
nhfi't). D l ehfl'n ehinh t l chflc trong sfla sai, dfiu
Cai efich rufing dfi't thfing ldi ''vfla xong". tifin lfi ehfl'n ehinh tfi' ehfle Dang.
Thai Binh Igi bflt tay vflo "sfla sai". TrUde Trfldc cai efich tofln tinh ed 13.098 dfing
htft lfi sfla sai thflnh p h i n trong nfing dfin. vien (8 cfing nhfin, 6500 bfin etf nfing, 77
- Trong eai each quy 10.255 hfi lfi dja con dia chu, 5 dang vifin ft r u d n ^ . Trong
ehu, khi sfla sai da ha thflnh phfin eho cai cflch dfi xfl ly 8.700 dang vifin, khai trfl
- stf lieu ve cAi each rupng dtft..
5.211 ngudi, giai tfin vfi cho tfl rut lui 3.498 Nhfin djnh v l nhflng thitfu sfit bfin canh
ngUdi... Khi sfla sai da phuc h i i 7.288 dfing thfing lpi, Tinh iiy Thfii Binh ktft lufin: "do
vifin, 7.191 ndng dan; 43 phfl ndng, 2 dja khfing nfim vflng vfi khong vfin dyng dung
chu, 13 eon phfl nflng, 20 con dja chii, 1.421 dfldng ldi ciia Dang, cai cfich rudng dtft (d
ngfldi khflng dflpc trfi Igi dang tieh (1.001 Thfli Binh) da mfic nhilu sai lfim cd tinh
nfing dan, 135 phfl nfing, 202 dja chii, 26 nguyfin tfic v l chinh dtfn t l chflc, vl danh
con phfl nfing, 57 con dja chfl). Trong stf djch vfl ve dfldng Ifii giai ctfp d nfing thfin.
nfiy ed 7 bf thfl, phd bf thU chi bd; 44 chi fly Cfing vide sfla sai d Thfii Binh bfit diu tfl
vien. 25/7/1956 vfi hofln thfinh trong thang
Hofin thfinh cfing tfic sfla sai, tofin tinh 10/1957 (14).
cd 15.371 dfing vifin (12.508 dang vifin cu; Trong 'Thfl gfli dong bfio ndng thdn vfi
2.963 dang vifin radi...). Trong sfla sai dfi efin bd nhfin djp cai cfich rufing dfi't cd ban
phyc hoi 262 bf thfl, phfi bf thfl, 755 chi iiy hofin thfinh", Chu tjch H i Chf Minh da chi
vien (trong td'ng so 269 bf thfl, phd bf thU ra nguyfin nhfin eua nhflng sai llm trong
vfl 799 bj xfl ly sai). cai cfich rudng dtft lfi: "vi ke dich pha hoai
difin cuing, vi mpt stf can bfl ta chfla nflm
TrUdc cai cfich tofln tinh cd 169 chi bp,
vflng chfnh sfich, chfla thUc sU di dung
trong cai cfich 31 chi bfl bj giai tfin, sfla sai
dudng ldi q u i n chflng, vi sU lanh dao ciia
da khfii phuc lai du 31 ehi bfi.
TU" Dang vfl Chfnh phu ed chS thitfu cu thl,
Doi vdi cfin bp ehfnh quyen, trong cai thitfu kiem tra, dfin dtfc cho nfin da xay ra
each da cho nghi vfl ehuyin cdng tfic 899 nhflng khuyet dilm, sai llm trong vific
can bfi UBHC xa. Sfla sai da phuc hdi cho dofin ktft nfing thfin, dfinh ke djch, vific
so nfly vfl bo sung thfira, d l tofin tinh cfi ehfl'n ehinh tfi' chflc trong chfnh sach thutf
2.786 uy vien UBHC xa (247 Ifi phy nfl, 91 ndng nghifip" (15).
ngudi cflng gifio, 1.669 bfin co nfing, 1.058
Trong Hdi nghj TU" Un thfl 10, Chu tjch
trung nong, 59 thupe thfinh phfin lao dpng
Ho Chi Minh da ty phg binh: "vi thieu dan
khfic... (11).
ehu ngn nghe ft, thfl'y ft... tfii nhfin trach
Cflc ddi tUOng khfic bj xfl ly khdng dung nhifim trong lue sfing gifi nfiy" (16).
trong cai each nhfl cdng an, dofln vien,
Nflm 1996, Bfi chfnh trj Dang dfi tfl
thanh nifin, dfin qufin du kich... eung da
nhfin xfit: "trong mdt so linh vflc vfl mot stf
dupc sfla sai.
eflng tfie, khi hpc tfip vfin dyng kinh
Doi vdi dong bao theo dao Thifin chua vfl nghiem cua each mang Trung Quoe (ta da)
mfit stf linh raue, tu si, mot stf ding bfio ed nhflng bilu hifin rfip khudn, mfiy mde,
theo dao Phfit sfl sai bi da kieh, quan chg', bflt dfiu phgm khuyet dilm mang tinh chfl't
tfl dfly (da so bi oan) cung dfi dfldc sfla sai, gifio dilu vao nhflng nfim cudi cua cufic
din bfl. Da tra lai tfl do cho hai linh muc, khang ehitfn (ehtfng Phfip). Mflc dfl, cai
tra lai d6 thd eung vfi so tien lfi 1.585 dong, each chi mdi Ifim thf dilm nhUng le ra nd cd
124 mflu 7 sfio 3 thflde, giai quytft xong 184 t h l giai quytft vfi'n d l rupng dfl't vfi quyln
dinh chfla trong stf 224 ndi sai pham (12). lpi eua ndng dfin bfing nhflng cfich nhfl ta
Trong sfla sai bflde mdt da tra ty do cho da lflm: ehia rupng dfi't cua chu tfl ban
1.258 ngudi, bfldc thfl hai 736 ngfldi (13). Phfip vfi vifit gian phan dfing, chia cfing
- 72 Rghian cihi Ljch sit, atf 11.2009
diln, cfing thl cho nflng dfln, thye hidn nfira trong Lifin khu 3, khu tfi nggn ndi cd
gifim tfi, gifim tflc" (17). nhflng sai lfim nghifim trpng, phi bitfn kfio
Nhin thfing vfio sy thtft, nhin rfi nhflng dfli vl nhilu raflt. Xfit dtfn cflng, dd Ifl sal
di efin cho tdi ngfly nay trfin phgm vi cfi lfim "tfi khuynh giflo dilu" (19).
nfldc vfl rifing d Thfii Binh cho dtfn nhflng Trudc nhflng nfim 1963, 1955 trong bfli
nflm m&'t In djnh 15 n&m trfldc d Thfii "Hoa sen", Bfic Hi dfi gyi y cd thl vfln ddng
Blnh- cd thl ktft lufln rfing "dd lfi nhflng sai cfic diln chu hitfn diln nhfl cflc dng Dd {^nh
Ifim nghifira trpng mang ntfng b^nh giflo Thidn... Nhflng "cfich lflm" nfly ciia Bfic
dilu, ta khuynh chfl khdng nhg nhfing chi khdng dupc chtfp nhtfn, vtfn d^mgrafl"thfch"
lfi raang "tfnh chfi't giflo dilu" (18). Ifim mdt "Didn Bifin" trong eai eflch "long trdi
Thfii Binh rdi vflo sau dpt 5, dyt 6 cd Id dtftf',raflnhiing "cfinh tupng thfi thfim cung
mfle dfi sai llm nghifim trpng nhtft "Igl" khfing thl kl htfr (Ttf Hihi) (20).
CHU THtCH
(1), (2). Tinh iiy Th&i Blnh. TH dii'n Thdi Btnh. (17). Ban chl d^o ttfng ktft ehtfng Thgc d&n
2010, tr. 124. Ph&p tryc thufic Bfi Chfnh trj. Ting kA cudc khdng
(3), (4), (5). Tinh iiy Th&i Binh, TU Diin Thdi chiin chdng Phdp thdng l^ vd bdi hge. Nxb. Chfnh
Binh. sdd, tr. 333- 334. trj Qude gia. Hfl N^i. 1996. tr. 232- 233.
(6). (7), (8), (9), (10). Tinh ily Thfti Binh, Tit (18). Nguyin Vfln Khoan, Nhin lgi cu^c cdi
Biin Thdi Binh, add, tr. 135.125, 807, 806, 806. cdeh rudng ddt d Hdi Phdng, KUn An, Tgp chf
(11). (12). Tinh iiy Th&i Binh, Tit Diin Thdi Nghiin cOu Lfch aCt, stf 6-2(X)7, tr. 28.
Binh. add, tr. 806-807.
(19). Ly Vifit Quang, Bdng ldnh difo cdi each
(13), (14). T^nh ily Th6i Binh, Tit Diin Thdi
ru^ng ddt d Bdc Bd tit 1945 dih ndm 1957, Tdm
Binh, edd, tr. 308, 125.
tfit Lufln &n titfn ai, 2011. Ban luu tgi vi$n H i Chf
(15). HS Chi Minh Todn tdp. Tftp VIII, Nxb.
Minh.
Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Hft N$i, 1995, tr. 236.
(16). Sau khi thi hftnh m$t stf c&n b9 (Hoftng (20). DUdng Trung Qude, Ddn cdy cd rufng, Lao
QuSc Vi?t, H I Viet ThSng). H§i nghj dfl bflu H i ddng cutfl t u l a , 26/2/2012.
Chf Minh Iftm T i n g bf thU BCH TU" Dang (Wtf Chl - Xin dpc t h i m : L l Xufin Khoa, Vi4t Nam 1945-
Minh biin niin tiiu sd. Nxb. Ly lufln chfnh trj, Hft 1995, (Chitang UI, Chtnh sdch cdi each ru^ng d&),
N§i, 2006, tr. 483. Nxb. Tiln R i n g , Hoa Ky, 2004.
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