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- International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 3, March 2020, pp. 325–336, Article ID: IJM_11_03_035
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3
Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: KEY TO
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY - A STUDY WITH
REFERENCE TO TAMILNADU STATE, INDIA
Dr. E. Joseph Rubert
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration,
St.Jerome’s College, Anandhanadarkudy, India
J.Sahaya Shabu
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration,
St.Jerome’s College, Anandhanadarkudy, India
ABSTRACT
Rural Women’s entrepreneurial activity has enormously contributed to the
Industrial, economic and social growth in the rural areas over the past few years in the
state of Tamilnadu, India. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises started by rural
women are classified into three categories of business activities such as manufacturing,
trading and service sectors. This paper investigated the impacts of women
entrepreneurship and the rural women’s entrepreneurial activity helps in Industrial,
economically and social development of women’s in the rural parts of the country. The
present study has analyzed the before and after effects of social and economic status of
rural women with respect to women entrepreneurship. The study has also examined the
industrial development in the rural areas through rural women entrepreneurship. A
descriptive research study had been conducted through direct interview with the rural
women entrepreneurs. Secondary data were also obtained from the websites and
publications of government departments with respect to the programmers and
promotion made for industrial development and promotion of rural women
entrepreneurial activities. From the list of women entrepreneurs across the Tamilnadu
state of India, 600 women entrepreneurs were interviewed as samples and data obtained
were processed and analyzed using statistical tools and the outcomes of the findings
were discussed in detail in the paper.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Small Medium Enterprises, Social Impact,
Economic Impact, Political Impact, Sustainable Economic Development
Cite this Article: Dr. E. Joseph Rubert and J.Sahaya Shabu, Rural Women
Entrepreneurship: Key to Industrial Growth, Social and Economic Development of a
Country - A Study with Reference to Tamilnadu State, India., International Journal of
Management (IJM), 11 (3), 2020, pp. 325–336.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 325 editor@iaeme.com
- Dr. E. Joseph Rubert and J.Sahaya Shabu
1. INTRODUCTION
If India’s target on economic development has to be realized, then the women in the rural India
has to empowered socially and economically, this would be done possible when the rural
women are encouraged to participate in the entrepreneurial activities. The conventional
thoughts in the minds of the society about women that is the women are born to care and raise
a family should be changed. Women should be encouraged to actively participate equally in the
activities of the society. Entrepreneurship is one such social activity that women has to be
encouraged to participate and contribute to the development of the society. In rural India, older,
married women ability for a basic skill and efficiency, is to set-up small, self-sustaining
businesses. In the state of Tamilnadu the Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSME)1
significantly contribute more in the economic and social development of the rural women in
the state, it also act as a nursery for entrepreneurship and activities connected with it. In the
year 2018 Tamilnadu has 8.44 Lakh registered MSMEs in the country. MSMEs sector
contributes about 10% to the GSDP, it also created employment to about 58.83 Lakh persons
and accounts for a total investment of Rs. 48,189 crores. Over 8000 varieties of business
activities including manufacturing, trading and service sectors are operated in Tamilnadu
through MSMEs. The entrepreneurs often seek support from the MSME officials in terms of
business development, knowledge and skills for running a micro business, access to market and
others. However, the rural areas across the state of Tamilnadu has their own socio - economic
limitations, not well built like urban, limited access to training facilities, poor public transport,
restricted mobility in remote geographies, etc often unfulfilled their need and wants. Though
there are many challenges the thought was to have a unified entrepreneurship development
programmers and entrepreneurial activities across the country that not only provides women
with the capacity to access the market and finance but also provided them with psychological
and emotional support for their social and economic development.
The research studies related to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities in the country
reveal that a good number of women entrepreneurs have been encouraged over a period of time
to undertake entrepreneurial activities and that shows a positive result in the growth of rural
women entrepreneurs in the country. In rural India, almost 50 percent of all workers are self –
employed and 57 percent among males and nearly 62 percent among females, while the
corresponding figures in urban India are 42 for males and 44 for females.
The central statistical organization, Fifth Economic Census says that there are 41.83
million establishments in the country are engaged in different economic activities
other than crop production and plantation.
A study conducted by Sabiha Fazalbhoy (2014)2 says that making the rural women
entrepreneurs in the government registered sector will pave the way for economic development
of the country. He also says that if the government provides financial support by including them
in the registered sectors then the women entrepreneurs can perform even better, both in urban
and rural areas. Malyadri (2014)3 in his study reveals that majority of women entrepreneurs
operates medium and small enterprises are under very adverse conditions. He has listed the
number of difficulties faced by them such as to find premises, find markets for their products,
access information and credit, access to training especially in the rural areas. Apart from all
such difficulties in running the enterprises they are also facing the difficulties of their economic
and social pressures. Their educational levels are low, they are responsible for all the domestic
chores and they are supposed to take permission from their family members to travel for trade
fairs or for training. Neera pal and Shakuntala misra (2016)4 the study highlights the facts about
women entrepreneur’s role in the economic development and the challenges of women
entrepreneurs. The study says that they can manage home and business equally. They contribute
in economic development of India.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 326 editor@iaeme.com
- Rural Women Entrepreneurship: Key to Industrial Growth, Social and Economic
Development of a Country - A Study with Reference to Tamilnadu State, India.
Nearly, 45 percent women sector occupies of the whole population of India. So, government
have to provide adequate development programs for organizational and skill development of
women entrepreneurs. The research study has some suggestions for further development of
women entrepreneurship that is there is a need for multi-dimensional approach in different
sectors like government, non-government, financial institutions etc. Vibhavari M.Chavan
(2016)5, says that women entrepreneurs are gaining recognition recently, still there are long
ways to go. The transition from homemaker to women entrepreneur is not so easy and in the
same way it is also difficult for a woman to succeed and sustain in her business. She has to learn
from her experiences, adapt herself and overcome the challenges in her field. She has to
creatively utilize her strengths to overcome the threats and grab all the opportunities to
minimize her weaknesses. Saud Ilahi (2018)6. Says that only 20 percent Ownership are of
female entrepreneurs that too running a micro level enterprises. The study suggested that there
is a major need of change in the people’s mindset and attitude about women entrepreneurship.
Major schemes has to be introduced for the development of women entrepreneurial activities
and more opportunities has to be created for women to take up big and challenging venture.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
The present study aims at fulfilling the following objectives.
• To Study the growth of Women entrepreneurship in rural areas through Micro,
Small, Medium Enterprises sector.
• To Study the impact of rural women entrepreneurship in promoting industrial,
Social and economic development.
3. METHODOLOGY
A Descriptive research was attempted with Survey method to describe the various phenomena
related to the study.
3.1. Data Collection
The data consist of both primary and secondary sources. A pre tested questionnaire was used
by to collect primary data from the sample respondents. Direct interview method was adopted
for data collection. Secondary data were obtained from the database, records and publications
of MSMEs and government departments. Proper permissions were obtained from the
department concern for accessing the data which have matter of public interest.
3.2. Sampling method
The whole populations were classified into three strata based on the nature of business activity
undertaken by the rural women entrepreneurs namely Manufacturing, Trading and Service
sectors. Stratified random sampling using lottery method were used to choose 200 sample in
each stratum. Therefore 600 samples were selected on the whole for the study. The population
of the study was identified from the Database list of rural women entrepreneurs registered in
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). Only the rural region of Tamilnadu state of
India are included for the study.
3.3. Data processing
The collected data were classified in different tables; simple percentage was calculated and
interpretations are written for each table. Further the mean score for each variable are
calculated. Paired sample test was used to analyze the variables and results are taken from the
analysis and facts are generalized in the study.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 327 editor@iaeme.com
- Dr. E. Joseph Rubert and J.Sahaya Shabu
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Table 1 Classification of Respondents based on Age and Nature of Business Activity
(Data in Percentage of sample)
Category of business
Age wise Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Below 40 20.0% 12.0% 16.0% 16.0%
40-50 64.0% 72.0% 72.0% 69.3%
50 & Above 16.0% 16.0% 12.0% 14.7%
TOTAL 200 (100%) 200(100.%) 200 (100%) 600 (100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table1 shows the age wise classification of respondents and Category of business activity
undertaken. It is found that majority of the respondents say 416 who constitutes 69.3 percent
belongs to the age group between 40-50 years. 96 rural women entrepreneurs who constitutes
16.0 percent are below 40 years of age. 88 women entrepreneurs who constitutes 14.7 percent
of the total are above 50 years of age.
The table also presents the following data Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in
Manufacturing business activity: out of 200 respondents 128 respondents who constitutes 64.0
percent are between the age group of 40- 50 years, 40 respondents who constitutes 20.0 percent
were belong to the age below 40 years and 32 respondents who constitute 16.0 percent were
belong to the age 50 and above.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in trading activity: out of 200 respondents 144
respondents who constitute 72.0 percent were between the age group of 40- 50 years, 32
respondents who constitute 16.0 percent were belong to the age 50 and above and 24
respondents who constitute 12.0 percent were belong to the age below 40.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Service activity: out of 200 respondents 144
respondents who constitute 72.0 percent were between the age group of 40- 50 years, 32
respondents who constitute 16.0 percent were belong to the age below 40 and 24 respondents
who constitute 12.0 percent were belong to the age 50 and above.
Table 2 Classification of the respondents based on Education
(Data in Percentage of sample)
Category of business
Education wise Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Illiterate 40.0% 12.0% .0%` 17.3%
Primary 28.0% 60.0% 16.0% 34.7%
SSLC 24.0% 24.0% 44.0% 30.7%
HSC 8.0% 4.0% 32.0% 14.7%
Graduation .0% .0% 8.0% 2.7%
TOTAL 200 (100 %) 200(100%) 200 (100%) 600 (100%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 2 Shows education wise classification of respondents and category of business
activity undertaken.
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- Rural Women Entrepreneurship: Key to Industrial Growth, Social and Economic
Development of a Country - A Study with Reference to Tamilnadu State, India.
It is inferred that majority of the respondents say 208 who constitute 34.7 percent have
acquired primaryeducation.184 who constitute 30.7 percent have acquired SSLC level of
education.103 respondents who constitute 17.3 percentage illiterates. 88 who constitute 14.7
percent are HSC and 16 respondents who constitute 2.7 percent are graduates.
The table also shows the following
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Manufacturing business activity: out of 200
respondents 80 respondents who constitute 40.0 percent were illiterate, 56 respondents who
constitute 28.0 percent were acquired primary education, and 48 respondents who constitute
24.0 percent were acquired SSLC, 16 respondents who constitute 8. 0 percent were acquired
HSC and no respondents acquired graduation who engaged in manufacturing business activity.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Trading activity: out of 200 respondents 120
respondents who constitute 60.0 percent were acquired primary education, 48 respondents who
constitute 24.0 percent were acquired SSLC, 24 respondents who constitute 12.0 percent were
illiterate, 8 respondents who constitute 4.0 percent were acquired HSC and no respondents
acquired graduation who engaged in Trading business activity.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Service activity: out of 200 respondents 88
respondents who constitute 44.0 percent were acquired SSLC, 64 respondents who constitute
32.0 percent were acquired HSC, 32 respondents who constitute 16.0 percent were acquired
primary education, 16 respondents who constitute 8.0 percent were acquired graduation and no
respondents were illiterate who engaged in service activity.
Table 3 Classification of the respondents based on Marital Status
(Data in Percentage of sample)
Category of business
Marital Status wise Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Married 92.0% 84.0% 92.0% 89.3%
Unmarried 8.0% 16.0% 8.0% 10.7%
TOTAL 200 (100.0%) 200 (100.0%) 200 (100.0%) 600(100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 3 shows the distribution of respondents based on their marital status. It reveals that
majority of the respondents say 535who constitute 89.3 percent were, 65respondents who
constitute 10.7 percent were unmarried.
The table also shows that following
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in manufacturing business activity: out of 200
respondents 184 who constitute 92.0 percent were married and 16 respondents who constitute
8.0 percent were unmarried.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in trading activity: out of 200 respondents 168
respondents who constitute 84.0 percent were married and 32 respondents who constitute 16.0
percent were unmarried.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Service activity: out of 200 respondents184 who
constitute 92.0 percent were married and 16 respondents who constitute 8.0 percent were
unmarried.
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- Dr. E. Joseph Rubert and J.Sahaya Shabu
Table 4 Classification of the respondents based on Occupation Wise
Category of business
Occupation Wise Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Employment 28.0% 24.0% 40.0% 30.7%
Petty Traders 28.0% 60.0% 56.0% 48.0%
Agriculture 44.0% 16.0% 4.0% 21.3%
TOTAL 200 (100.0%) 200(100.0%) 200(100.0%) 600(100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 4 shows occupation wise classification of respondents and category of business. It
reveals that majority of respondents say 288 who constitute 48.0 percent were petty traders, 184
respondents who constitute 30.7 were employed and 128 respondents who constitute 21.3
percent were engaged in agriculture.
The table also shows that following
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in manufacturing business activity: out of 200
respondents88 respondents who constitute 44.0 percent were engaged in agriculture and 56
respondents who constitute 28.0 percent each were employed and petty traders.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in trading activity: out of 200 respondents120
respondents who constitute 60.0 percent were petty traders, 48 respondents who constitute 24.0
percent were employed and 32 respondents who constitute 16.0 percent were engaged in
agriculture.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Service activity: out of 200 respondents 96
respondents who constitute 48.0 percent were petty traders, 61 respondents who constitute 30.7
percent were employed and 43 respondents who constitute 21.3 percent were engaged in
agriculture.
Table 5 Classification of the respondents based on Income wise
Category of business
Monthly Income wise Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
10000-20000 56.0% 36.0% 44.0% 45.3%
20000 -30000 40.0% 56.0% 52.0% 49.3%
above 30000 4% 8% 4% 4%
TOTAL 200 (100.0%) 200 (100.0%) 200(100.0%) 600(100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 5shows the Income wise classification of respondents and category of business
undertaken by the rural women entrepreneurs. It reveals that majority say 296 respondents who
constitute 49.3 percent were between the income groups 20000 – 30000, 272 who constitute
45.3 percent were between 10000 – 20000 and 24 respondents who constitute 4.0 percent were
above 30000 income.
The table also shows that following
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in manufacturing business activity: out of 200
respondents112 respondents who constitute 56.0 percent were between the income group
10000-20000, 80 respondents who constitute 40.0 percent were between the income group
20000-30000 and 8 respondents who constitute 4.0 percent were above 30000 income.
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- Rural Women Entrepreneurship: Key to Industrial Growth, Social and Economic
Development of a Country - A Study with Reference to Tamilnadu State, India.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Trading activity: out of 200 respondents112
respondents who constitute 56.0 percent were between the income group 20000-30000, 72
respondents who constitute 36 percent were between the income group 10000-20000 and 16
respondents who constitute 8 percent were above 30000 income.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Service activity: out of 200 respondents104
respondents who constitute 52.0 percent were between income group 20000-30000, 88
respondents who constitute 44.0 percent were between income group 10000-20000 and 8
respondents who constitute 4.0 percent were above 30000 income.
Table 6 Classification of the respondents based on form of Organization
Type of business
Form of organization Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Sole proprietor 44.0% 92.0% 100.0% 78.7%
Partnership 56.0% 8.0% .0% 21.3%
TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 600(100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 6 shows the classification of respondents based on form of organization. It reveals
that majority say 472 respondents who constitute 78.7 percent were sole proprietor and 128
respondents who constitute 21.3 percent were formed partnership firm.
The table also shows that following
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in manufacturing business activity: out of 200
respondents 112 respondents who constitute 56.0 percent formed partnership firm and 88
respondents who constitute 44.0 percent formed sole proprietor.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in trading activity: out of 200 respondents184
respondents who constitute 92.0 percent formed sole proprietor and 16 respondents who
constitute 8.0 percent formed partnership firm.
Rural Women Entrepreneurs engaged in Service activity: out of 200 respondents200
respondents who constitute 100.0 percent formed sole proprietor and no respondents formed
partnership firm.
Table 7 Classification of respondent based on Trading Sectors
Category of Business (Trading) Percent
Textile (28.0%)
Grocery (12.0%)
Vegetables (28.0%)
Home appliance (8.0%)
Cosmetics & fancy (16.0%)
Others (8.0%)
TOTAL 200 (100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 7 shows that of the 200 respondents, a majority of 56 who constitutes 28.0 percent
belong to Textile trading and vegetables trading, 32 respondents who constitute 16.0 percent
belongs to cosmetics and fancy trading, 24 respondents who constitute 12.0 percent belongs to
grocery items trading and 16 respondents who constitute 8.0 percent belongs to trading of home
appliance and other products.
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- Dr. E. Joseph Rubert and J.Sahaya Shabu
Table 8 Classification of respondent based on Manufacturing Sectors
Category of Business (Manufacturing) Percent
Detergent powder (12.0%)
Candle (4.0%)
Soda/Aerated water (4.0%)
Coir Product (8.0%)
Coconut Oil (8.0%)
Pickcles (8.0%)
Nursary garden (4.0%)
Agricultural (4.0%)
Thread weaving (4.0%)
Juice (16.0%)
Snacks (12.0%)
Papad (4.0%)
Paper cup/plate (4.0%)
Flour Items (8.0%)
TOTAL 200 (100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 8 shows that of the 200 respondents, a majority of 32 who constitutes 16.0 percent
belong to Juices and beverages manufacturing, 24 respondents who constitute 12.0 percent were
in the snacks and detergent powder manufacturing, 16 respondents each who constitute 8.0
percent were in manufacturing of Coir product, coconut oil, pickles and flour items and 8
respondents each who constitute 4.0 percent were in manufacturing of the candle, handicraft,
nursery garden, agriculture, soda/aerated water, papad and paper cup/plate.
Table 9 Classification of respondent based on Service Sector
Category of Business (Service) Percent
Door delivery (4.0%)
Xerox machine (8.0%)
Fast food service (16.0%)
Tiffin service (16.0%)
Beauty parlor (52.0%)
Tailoring (4.0%)
TOTAL 200 (100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 9 shows that of the 200 respondents, a majority of 52 who constitutes 52.0 percent
belong to Beauty parlor service, 32 respondents each who constitute 16.0 percent were in the
fast food service, tiffin services, 16 respondents who constitute 8.0 percent were in Xerox
machine service and 8 respondents each who constitute 4.0 percent were in the door delivery
and tailoring services.
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- Rural Women Entrepreneurship: Key to Industrial Growth, Social and Economic
Development of a Country - A Study with Reference to Tamilnadu State, India.
Table 10 Classification of respondent based on Saving Habit
Saving habit Category of business
Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Yes 100.0% 96.0% 100.0% 98.7%
No .0% 4.0% .0% 1.3%
TOTAL 200(100.0%) 200(100.0%) 200(100.0%) 600(100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 10 shows savings habit of the respondents. It reveals majority say 592 respondents
who constitute 98.7 percent having saving habit and 8 respondents who constitute 1.3 percent
having no saving habit.
Table 11 Classification of respondent based on “Where do you save”
Category of business
Where do you save Total
Manufacturing Trading Service
Post Office 68.0% 54.2% 32.0% 51.4%
Nationalized Bank 20.0% 33.3% 48.0% 33.8%
Life Insurance 12.0% 12.5% 12.0% 12.2%
Recurring Deposit .0% .0% 8.0% 2.7%
TOTAL 200(100.0%) 200(100.0%) 200(100.0%) 600(100.0%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 11 shows that of the 600 respondents, a majority say 304 respondents who constitute
51.4 percent have savings in post office, 200 respondents who constitute 33.8 percent have
savings in nationalized banks, 72 respondents who constitute 12.2 percent have savings in Life
Insurance and 16 respondents who constitute 2.7 percent have savings in recurring deposits.
Table 12 Paired Sample Test of variables Impact Social, Political and Economical Status of Rural
women Entrepreneurs
Paired
Difference Sig (2-
Variable t df
tailed)
Mean
Pair 1 Extra Income for the family -.42667 -11.103 599 .000
Pair 2 Economic Development -.38667 -10.599 599 .000
Pair 3 Creating Employment opportunity -.45333 -10.447 599 .000
Pair 4 Social status of rural entrepreneurs -.52000 -13.106 599 .000
Pair 5 Ability of Decision-making ability -18667 -4.893 599 .000
Pair 6 Setup women’s rights -.44000 -10.806 599 .000
Addressing openly for
Pair 7 .68000 12.344 599 .000
predominant social causes
participation in village panchayat
Pair 8 -.80000 -21.196 599 .000
system
Ability and capacity to politicize
Pair 9 -.12000 -3.753 599 .000
the social cause
Source: Authors calculation
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- Dr. E. Joseph Rubert and J.Sahaya Shabu
Table 12 shows the paired sample test of variables impact the social, political and economic
status of rural women entrepreneurs. It states as per the test of significance it is known from the
analysis that the mean score is high for economic, social and political factors at 95 percent
confidence interval and the “t” value is more for the social, economic and political
empowerment of rural women entrepreneurs. It is further noted that among the political factor
“t” value is less for the independent variable of addressing openly for predominant social causes
at least for fundamentals rights have lesser significance than the other independent variable. To
check the validity of the above said statement, test of significance (t-test) was applied and the
results are presented in table 13, 14 and 15
Table 13 Economical Status of Rural women Entrepreneurs
Mean Score of the
SI. Mean T-
Particulars Respondent
No Difference Statistics
Before WE After WE
1 Extra Income for the family 2.1733 2.6000 0.42607 11.103**
2 Economic Development 2.2933 2.6800 0.38667 10.599
Creating employment
3 2.2400 2.6933 0.45333 10.447
opportunity
Source: Authors calculation
It is observed from table 13 that there is apparent increase in economic status of rural women
entrepreneur. Independent variables such as extra income for the family, economic
development and creating employment opportunity before and after women entrepreneur were
compared and it gives that it is statistically significant, as the calculated’ value is 11.103, 0.59
and 10.44 respectively. Hence it is concluded that there is increase in economic status of women
entrepreneurs.
Table 14 Social Status of Rural Women Entrepreneurs
Mean Score of the
SI. Mean T-
Particulars Respondent
No Difference Statistics
Before WE After WE
1 Upgrade social status 2.1333 2.6533 0.52000 13.106
2 Improved decision making 2.3333 2.5200 0.18667 4.893
3 Establish women’s rights 2.2000 2.6400 0.44000 10.806
Source: Authors calculation
It is observed from table 14 that there is apparent increase in Social status of rural women
entrepreneur. Independent variables such as upgrade social status, Ability of decision making
,establish women’s rights, level of participation in social function before and after women
entrepreneur were compared and it gives that it is statistically significant, as the calculated’
value is 13.106, 4.893 and 10.806respectively. Hence it is concluded that there is increase in
Social status of women entrepreneurs.
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- Rural Women Entrepreneurship: Key to Industrial Growth, Social and Economic
Development of a Country - A Study with Reference to Tamilnadu State, India.
Table 15 Political Impact of Rural Women Entrepreneurs
Mean Score of the
SI. Respondent Mean
Particulars T-Statistics
No Before Difference
After WE
WE
Addressing openly for predominant
1 1.8667 2.5467 0.68000 12.344
social causes
participation in village panchayat
2 1.9200 2.7200 0.80000 21.196
system
Ability and capacity to politicize
3 2.2000 2.3200 0.12000 3.753
the social cause
Source: Authors calculation
It is observed from table 15 that there is apparent increase in political status of rural women
entrepreneur. Independent variables such as Addressing openly for predominant social causes,
participation in village panchayat system and ability and capacity to politicize the social cause
before and after women entrepreneur were compared and it gives that it is statistically
significant, as the calculated‘t’ value is 12.344, 21.196 and 3.753respectively. Hence it is
concluded that there is increase in political status of women entrepreneurs.
5. OUTCOME OF THE STUDY
The study reveals that there is a rapid growth of rural women entrepreneurs year after year in
the Tamilnadu state of India. The growth of rural women entrepreneurship creates employment
opportunity and Industrial (Manufacturing, Trading and Service) Sectors growth in rural areas.
The study also reveals that rural women are highly efficient in administrating and managing
business. Their entrepreneurial activity helps them to uplift their social status, political status
and economic status. Rural women are highly engaged in manufacturing and trading business
activity, they also find quick market to their products.
6. SUGGESTIONS
The Government of Tamilnadu is greatly promoting rural women entrepreneurship through
MSME. Every year startups and takers are generated with high spirit but like mushroom after
certain period the units are became sick or weakened and is being closed due to the following
reasons. This can be given utmost care for the sustainable growth of
Few MSME operated by rural women are facing operational problems such as access to
wide markets, high operational cost, Lack of skill among rural labors, Lack of technical and
managerial skills among the entrepreneurs.
The government should extend timely credit facilities to the units which have become sick
or weakened in operational activities and should find the cause for the sickness, strategize
measures and provides hands on services to overcome the problems.
Periodical training based on industrial requirements to be organized to the labors at free of
cost. Skill formation has to be considered as an investment rather than an expense to the
government over industrial development.
Marketing board should fix fair price to the products manufactured and procure the goods
produced by the rural units, micro, small and medium enterprises cannot able to withstand
among the competition in the rivalry market where major giant companies manufacture and
trade goods in huge volume.
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Capacity building programmers and skill enhancement training should be provided to the
rural women entrepreneurs, so that they can also aware about the change which will happen in
near future. Financial assistance can be given to the units for modernization of its facilities, so
that the units can standalone.
7. CONCLUSION
Tamilnadu is a southern state in India which is highly potential with educated people, values,
culture and all resources; the state has registered rapid growth among the other states in the
country. The targeted growth towards the development of rural women entrepreneurship was
greater achievement by the government over the period of time. The sustainability of growth
and further development can be achieved when the meticulous efforts are initiated and well-
coordinated by the government departments and policy makers. It is concluded that the
sustainable development goals can be achieved in the near future, when the rural areas affiliated
with all plans and decisions regarding development and prospects of the country.
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