As mentioned at the beginning of Chapter 5, we are studying some codeword assignment (encoding) techniques in Chapters 5 and 6. In this chapter, we focus on run-length and dictionary-based coding techniques. We first introduce Markov models as a type of dependent source model in contrast to the memoryless source model discussed in Chapter 5. Based on the Markov model, run-length coding is suitable for facsimile encoding. Its principle and application to facsimile encoding are discussed, followed