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- Index of authors 1212
Thornton, William Thomas, 669
Thünen, Johann Heinrich von, theoretical ability beyond Ricardo’s, 465;
Roscher on, 465;
work not understood, 466;
marginal productivity theory, 466, 467, 568, 656n, 674n, 839, 941–2;
first to use calculus for economic reasoning, 466, 955;
location theory, 466;
rent theory, 466, 671n;
originality of work, 466–7;
general interdependence, 467;
steady state process, 467;
wage and interest theory, 467–8, 648, 656n;
risk premium in profit, 646n;
influence on Menger, 827;
Marshall, 837;
substitution principle, 839, 917n, 995
Tinbergen, Jan, 1144, 1162–3
Tintner, Gerhard, 1028–9, 1072
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 433, 820
Tolomei, Matteo Biffi, 373
Tooke, Thomas, 398, 520, 524, 688, 690, 699, 708–10, 712–13, 720, 722, 725, 727, 731, 734, 739,
742–6, 1111–12, 1123
Torrens, Robert, 475, 486, 489, 560, 607–8, 615, 657, 665, 669, 688, 704, 725–6, 728, 733
Townsend, Joseph, 255, 481, 578
Toynbee, Arnold, 821, 822
Trevelyan, George Macaulay, 398
Tucker, Abraham, 128
Tucker, George, 519, 521–2, 711
Tucker, Josiah, 226, 245, 375
Tugan-Baranowsky, Mikhail, 879, 1126, 1130
Tull, Jethro, 157
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de
l’Aulne, and Condillac, 175n;
as polyhistor, 182;
and Smith, 192, 248;
not a physiocrat, 243–4;
and Gournay’s work, 244–5;
life sketch, 245–8;
and Encyclopédistes, 245;
and Beccaria, 248;
diminishing returns in, 259, 260–61, 262n;
marginal analysis, 261;
role in defeat of monetary analysis, 282n;
theory of market mechanism, 307;
savings and investment, 324–5, 642, 667, 723;
and Marshall, 325;
and Mill, 325;
and Ricardo, 474n;
and Say, 492, 560, 625;
and Say’s Law, 625;
3-factor schema in, 560
Distribution theory: 567–8;
- Index of authors 1213
interest theory, 328, 332–4;
wage theory, 249, 266, 664, 667
Capital theory: 249, 323–4, 564, 642, 667;
monetary theory, 249, 319;
value theory, 249, 302, 308
Turner, John Roscoe, 514
Tuttle, Charles A., 895
Tweddle, W.A., 962
Twiss, Travers, 583
Tylor, Sir Edward B., 786, 799
Unwin, George, 151, 153
Ure, Andrew, 542
Urquhart, David, 399
Usher, A.P., 78, 116, 317, 787, 788
Uztáriz, Gerónimo de, 170
Valeriani, Luigi Molinari, 511
Valle de la Cerda, Luiz, 311
Vanderblue, Homer, 183
Vanderlint, Jacob, 367
Van Dillen, Johannes Gerard, 317
Varro, M.Terentius, 71
Vasco, Giovanni Battista, 272
Vauban, Sébastien de, 203, 204, 205, 524
Vaughan, Rice, 291, 294
Veblen, Thornstein, 795, 802, 896, 911
Venn, John, 448
Verhulst, Pierre François, 538
Verri, Pietro, 130, 132, 177, 178, 205, 213, 287, 292, 302, 307, 315, 373, 375, 408, 510, 707, 718,
960, 1176
Verrijn, Stuart Coenraad Alexander, 862
Vico, Giambattista (Giovanni Battista), 28, 135, 136, 137, 300, 791–2
Vignes, J.B.Maurice, 204
Villeneuve-Bargemont, Alban, 490, 681
Villermé, Louis René, 522–3
Viner, Jacob, 196, 336, 346, 350, 351, 361, 364, 375, 605, 607, 609–10, 613, 689, 701, 705–6, 708,
711, 718, 724, 730, 732–3, 735, 737, 875, 1046, 1048, 1107, 1152
Vinogradoff, Sir Paul, 107, 782
Virgilii, Filippo, 254, 584, 890
Volkmann, J., 1058
Wade, John, 743
Wagemann, Ernst, 1155, 1165–6
Wagner, Adolf Heinrich Gotthilf, 478, 503, 507, 709, 726, 802, 851–2, 945, 1081, 1109
Wagner, Valentin Fritz, 718, 1080
Wainstein, A.L., 1155
Waitz, Franz Theodore, 435, 446
Waitz, Georg, 432
Wald, Abraham, 968, 1007, 1009, 1014, 1067
Wales, William, 254
- Index of authors 1214
Walker, Amasa, 519
Walker, Francis Amasa, 671, 865, 867, 894, 935, 939, 940, 1076, 1081
Wallace, Robert, 253, 255, 256
Wallace, William, 66
Wallas, Graham, 132, 402, 795
Wallis, W.Allen, 1067
Walras, Antoine Auguste, 828, 999, 1055
Walras, Marie Ésprit Léon, first to relate schemata, 16;
Isnard as precursor, 217, 307;
discoverer of fundamental economic problem, 242;
on bimetallism, 298n, 717;
on ‘advance’ theory, 564;
Malthusian principle in, 582, 890;
on barter economy, 590, 838–9, 911–12;
on marginal utility in Senior, 600;
as Senior of neo-classical period, 758;
life sketch, 827–9;
as semi-socialist, 888;
on partial analysis, 991;
quasirent in, 995;
monetary theory, 1079, 1082–3, 1100, 1116n;
work on index numbers, 1093;
on cycle, 1126n
Filiations with:
Smith, 189, 892;
Aupetit, 840n;
Barone, 858, 987;
Cassel, 8620, 953n;
Cournot, 828, 959, 960;
Edgeworth, 839, 893n;
Keynes, 1082;
Marshall, 837, 839, 952;
Mill, 892;
Moore, 877;
Pareto, 829, 860, 861n, 888n, 1062;
Say, 828;
A.Walras, 828;
Wicksell, 862.
See also Walrasian System
Walsh, Correa Moylan, 1092
Waterstradt, Franz, 588, 1036
Watson, John Broadus, 797
Wayland, Francis, 515
Webb, Sidney, Beatrice, 271, 823, 832–3, 947
Weber, Ernst, 446, 779, 796, 1058
Weber, Max, 21, 34, 80–81, 425, 540, 584, 777, 795, 805, 814–19, 848, 891
Weiss, Franz X., 845, 939
Weitling, Wilhelm, 458
Wells, David Ames, 522–4, 865, 867
West, Sir Edward, 259, 265, 470, 474, 476, 486, 489, 569, 570, 585–7, 645, 651–3, 656, 658, 674,
677–9
Westergaard, Harald Ludvig, 212
- Index of authors 1215
Westermarck, Edward Alexander, 786, 799
Western, ‘Squire,’ 711–14
Weston, Sir Richard, 157
Weulersee, George, 225–6
Whale, P.Barrett, 694
Whateley, Elizabeth Jane, 483
Whately, Richard, 448, 450, 464, 483–5, 536
Whatley, George, 376
Wheatley, John, 701, 703, 707–8, 710, 713, 733, 735–7
Wheeler, John, 154, 306, 337, 339–40
Whewell, William, 5, 448–50, 955
White, Horace, 1081
Whitehead, Alfred North, 779
Wicksell, Knut, population theory, 258, 582, 863, 890n;
aggregate demand, 623, 1117;
preference for slowly rising prices, 713;
savings theory, 723, 724, 1115;
international trade theory, 733;
life sketch, 862–3;
acknowledgment of predecessors, 872n;
as bourgeois radical, 888;
on maximization of satisfaction by market, 888, 986n;
best formulation of Austrian work, 913, 940;
index number work, 1093;
consumption function, 1117, 1176;
on Say’s Law, 1117n;
on business cycle, 1120;
theorems applicable to industry or social economy, 1142
Distribution theory:
marginal productivity, 1033, 1036;
interest theory, 331, 649n, 709n, 720, 863, 929n, 930, 1099, 1118, 1119n;
profits, 331;
wage theory, 940
Filiations with:
Smith, 892;
Bentham, 724;
Cournot, 983;
Malthus, 724;
Mill, 724–5, 863, 892;
Joplin, 723;
Ricardo, 637, 649n;
Thornton, 722, 724;
Tooke, 709n;
Say, 1117n;
Böhm-Bawerk, 847, 907–8, 929n, 930, 952, 1118;
Keynes, 1119n, 1178n;
Walras, 952, 1012n, 1082;
Wieser, 913
Production theory:
capital theory, 561n, 637, 907–8;
diminishing returns, 588n;
competition, 972, 986n;
- Index of authors 1216
duopoly, 983;
production function, 998, 1029, 1030;
on constant production coefficients, 1012n
Wicksteed, Philip Henry, 830–32, 940, 1030, 1033, 1035, 1040, 1051, 1057
Wiese, Leopold von, 785
Wieser, Friedrich von, 577, 786, 795, 819, 844, 846, 848, 909, 910, 913–16, 935, 940, 942, 969,
986–7, 1058, 1060, 1062, 1090–91, 1093
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich von, 54
Williams, Sir John Bickerton, 253
Williams, John H., 733
Willis, H.Parker, 1104, 1111
Wilson, Glocester, 714n
Wilson, James, 726
Wilson, Thomas, 106, 344
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 418
Windelband, Wilhelm, 507, 775, 777, 818
Winkelblech, Karl Georg, 459–60
Wirth, Max, 742
Wiston-Glynn, A.W., 295
Withers, Hartley, 1111, 1115
Wold, Herman, 1007
Wolf, Friedrich August, 135
Wolf, Julius, 765, 1076
Wolfe, Albert Benedict, 582–3
Wolff, P.de, 993
Wolowski, L., 540
Wood, Elmer, 690, 694, 697
Wood, George H., 1092
Wood, Stuart, 666, 869, 941
Worlidge, John, 157
Wright, Carroll Davidson, 867
Wright, Harold, 891
Wulf, Maurice de, 83
Wundt, Wilhelm Max, 5, 777, 796–7
Xenophon, 54
Yarranton, Andrew, 274, 349, 352, 361, 363–4, 368, 372
Yntema, Theodore O., 1152
Young, Allyn, 875, 986, 1046, 1048, 1093
Young, Arthur, 158, 254, 274, 351, 526
Yule, G.Udny, 213
Zawadski, W., 957
Zauberman, A., 1157, 1159
Zeuthen, F., 976, 1014, 1150
Zielenziger, Kurt, 159
Zotoff, A.W., 1039
- Subject Index
TO FACILITATE USE of the subject index, reference is made throughout to the three
important periods of economic analysis in the following manner:
From 1790 to 1870—Classical Period
From 1870 to 1914—Neo-Classical Period
From 1914 to Present—Modern Period
The first and third terms correspond to J.A.S.’s usage. For the second period, it was
believed to be preferable to retain the term ‘neo-classical’ because of its general usage in
the profession, in spite of J.A.S.’s explicit rejection of the term. For his objections, see
page 919.
Abstinence, in ‘advance’ theory of capital, 564–5;
in Senior, 638–9, 926;
in Smith, 639;
in Mill, 639, 654n;
in Marshall, 639, 923;
Marx on, 640;
Böhm-Bawerk on, 926;
Fisher and Jevons on, 927.
See also Capital, Theories of;
Interest, Theories of
Acceleration Principle, 1134n
Accounting and Commercial Arithmetic, 156–7, 872, 944–5
‘Advance’ Economics, see Advances
Advances, in Quesnay, 236–7, 266, 323–4;
in Smith, 269;
in Turgot, 333–4;
in physiocrats and classical economics, 564, 632;
vs. synchronization economics, 564–5;
in Marx, 661;
in wage-fund theory, 667.
See also Capital, Theories of
Aeterni Patris, see Encyclicals, Papal
Age of Reason, see Enlightenment
Aggregate Demand, in Boisguillebert, 285n;
as a concept, 617, 1117n;
for consumers goods, 623, 1117;
in Keynes, 1176n.
See also Aggregate Demand Function, Keynesian System, Macroanalysis
- Subject index 1219
Aggregate Demand Function, and microeconomic demand function, 623–4.
See also Aggregate Demand, Keynesian System, Macroanalysis
Aggregate Supply Function, and microeconomic supply function, 623–4.
See also Keynesian System, Macroanalysis
Aggregative Analysis, see Macroanalysis
Agrarian Revolution, 145;
nature of, 149–50, 157–8, 270;
effects of enclosures, 167;
More on, 208
Agriculture, literature on, 70–71, 157
Allocation of Resources, tariff and, in mercantilists, 374;
extension of marginal utility analysis to, 912–13.
See also Austrian School, Distribution, Theory of;
Walrasian System
American Economic Association, 756, 867
Antimetallism, see Monetary Theory, Cartalist
Anti-Saving Attitude, see Saving
Apprentices, Health and Morals of, Act (1802), 167n, 271–2
Associationist Psychology, see Empiricism, Philosophical;
Psychology
Austrian School, discovery of calculus, 18n, 956n;
and Mill’s theory, 570;
introspection and common experience, 577;
and German economists, 843, 844, 849;
Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser as co-founders, 844–9;
Auspitz and Lieben, 849;
influence in U.S., 850;
submergence by Pareto’s teaching, 850;
effect on Dutch economics, 861;
emphasis on psychological magnitudes, 887;
Sozialpolitik and progressive taxation, 888;
neglect of profit theory, 893;
genetic explanations, 908n;
marginal utility and distribution, 913;
Wicksell’s work, 913, 940;
problem of equi-requisite factors, 914;
firm and social productivities, 915n;
marginal value productivity concept, 915;
imputation, 916;
opportunity-cost theory, 917;
Marshall’s criticism of, 920–24;
theory of rent, 933;
determinate equilibrium in, 969n;
competition in, 972;
indeterminateness of isolated exchange, 984;
Crusoe economy and socialist theory, 986–7;
on Walras, 1014n;
hedonism in marginal utility theory, 1056;
disutilities in value theory, 1057;
monetary analysis, 1085–6, 1089;
distrust of index numbers, 1089, 1094
Automatic Gold Mechanism, see Gold Mechanism
- Subject index 1220
Balance of Payments, concept in mercantilists, 352;
and balance of trade, 353;
Serra, Malynes, Misselden, Mun, 353–8;
export surplus as measure of gain, 358;
confusion of wealth and money, 360–2;
Palmer’s rule and, 698
Balance of Trade, Serra on, 195;
‘luxuries,’ 324n
Mercantilists on, 345–62:
power politics, 346–7;
Serra, Malynes, Misselden, Mun, 353–9, 365;
erroneous propositions, 359–62
Bank Note, development of, 317;
suspected overissue in England of 1830’s, 694;
early 19th century, 695;
Bank Charter Act of 1844, 695;
in central bank theory, 695n;
in classical money and credit theory, 699;
banking school’s position, 727;
Walras’ plan to suppress, 1079
Bank of England, and land bank schemes, 295–6
In classical period, 690–2:
role in monetary controversy, 692;
‘failure’ of resumption, 694, 711–12;
Bank Charter Act of 1844, 694–8, 718, 726, 729;
as lender of last resort, 696;
as controller of banking system, 696–8;
Palmer’s rule, 697–8;
Thornton on note issue, 707;
regulating function and banking school, 727;
currency school on notes of, 727
Banking, 319–21;
in Smith, 278, 731;
Law’s ventures and, 295;
100% reserve plan, 694, 1079;
attempt to divorce from ‘control of currency,’ 694;
state of by 1800, in England, 694–6;
penalty in credit creation, 730;
law of reflux, 730–31;
analysis in neo-classical period, 1110–17
Commercial bill theory of, 718n:
Thornton on credit overextension, 721–2;
and banking school, 729;
doctrines of, 729–31;
needs-of-trade argument, 731;
adherence to in neo-classical period, 1111–13;
Wicksell’s cumulative process and, 1112–13, 1120.
See also Central Banking
Barter, equilibrium in, 619;
Walras’ theory of, 838–9, 911, 1003–4;
- Subject index 1221
in marginal utility theorists, 911;
Edgeworth’s use of indifference curves. 1065;
in neo-classical period, 1088;
‘neutral money’ and, 1088
Battle of Methods (Methodenstreit), see Methodology
Becher’s Principle, see Monetary Analysis
Bills of Exchange, 695
Bimetallism, Scaruffi’s work, 292;
in 17th and 18th centuries, 297–8;
on Continent in 19th century, 405
Schemes in post-Napoleonic England, 693, 715–17:
M.Attwood as proponent, 714n;
Mill on, 715;
Cernuschi’s work, 715–16;
gold inflow of 1840’s and, 716–17;
French, 716–17;
‘parachute effect’ in, 716–17;
Ricardo on, 717n
Walras on, 298n, 717;
Balfour’s support of, 770n;
cult of, 774;
controversy over in neo-classical period, 1076;
international monetary conferences of, 1878, 1881, 1892, 1076–7
Bolshevism, see Economics, Russian
Bourgeoisie, in 13th century, 74–5;
rise of by 15th century, 78–9;
spread of schema of values, 79;
submission to warrior class, 144;
decline in power, 145;
ascent of, 393–4;
political liberalism, 394–5;
materialistic rationalism of, 408;
rejection of utilitarianism, 408
In neo-classical period:
challenge to, 761;
bourgeois radicalism, 762–4;
attitude of bureaucracy, 763–4;
emer gence of ‘new middle class,’ 763–4;
allocation to state of controlling role, 763–4;
acceptance of spirit hostile to its civilization, 774, 778.
See also Radicalism, Bourgeois
Bullionists, see Mercantilism;
Monetary Analysis
Business Cycle Analysis, in classical period, 738–50;
Say’s Law and, 618, 739;
one of few original achievements, 738;
in mercantilists, 738;
Sismondi as theorist, 740–1;
Roscher’s eclectic theory, 741–2;
crises as phases, 742;
10-year cycle, 742, 1124;
relation to general gluts theories, 742–3;
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