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- Giáo trình Lắp đặt hệ thống cung cấp điện (Nghề: Điện công nghiệp) - Trường TCN Kỹ thuật công nghệ Hùng Vương
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- UY BAN NHAN DAN QU~N 5
TRUONG TRUNG CAP NGHE KY THU~T CONG NGH:¢ HUNG VUONG
, '
GIAOTRINH
, ,
Lip dJt h~ thOng
,
cung cap di~n
'
Nghe: Di~n cong nghi~p
TRINH DO• TRUNG CAP
TPHCM-2019
- M l)C Ll)C
BE Ml)C Trang
1. Gi&i thi$u mo dun 2
2. Cac h1nh thU'C hQC t$p chinh 3
3. Bai 1. Cac kien thU'c va ky nang ca ban v§ lap d$t di$n 4
4. Bai 2. Lap d$t dll'ang day tren khong 13
5. Bai 3 Lap d$t h$ th6ng di$n trong nha 28
6. Bai 4. Lap d$t mc;mg di$n cong nghi$p - 69
7. Bai 5.Lap d$t h$ th6ng n6i d§t 92
8. Tai li$u tham khao 99
Khoa nien - Troong TCN K.TCN Hung Voong Page 1
- GIO'I TH1eu VE MO E>UN
Vi tri, y nghia, vai tro mo dun:
Mo dun ky thu~t lap d$t di$n la m◊t mo dun chuyen mon cua hQc vien nganh
sLPa chO,a thi§t bi di$n cong nghi$p. Mo dun nay nh~m trang bi cho hoc vien cac
tnJ'ang trung cap, cao dang ngh~ va cac trU'ang SO' cap ngh~ nhO,ng ki§n thll'c CO'
ban v~ lap d$t di$n nha va di$n XI nghi$p ... v&i cac ki§n thU'c nay hQC vien c6 th~ ap
dt,mg tn,Pc ti§p vao ITnh Vl,l'C san xuat cOng nhll' dai s6ng. Mo dun nay cOng c6 th~
lam tai li$u tham khao cho cac can b◊ ky thu~t, cac hoc vien cua cac nghanh khac
quan tam d§n ITnh Vl,l'C nay.
M1_.1c tieu cua mo dun
Sau khi hoan tM mo-dun nay, hoc vien c6 nang ll,l'c:
• Thi§t k§ ky thu~t, thi cong dU'Q'C cac mc;1ng cung cap di$n dan gian.
• Lap &;it dU'Q'C cac cong tr1nh di$n cong nghi$p.
• Ki~m tra, phat hi$n va sLP ly Sl,I' c6.
Mt,1c ti$u thl,l'c hi$n cua mo dun
HQC xong mo-dun nay, hQC vien c6 nang ll,l'C:
• Thi§t k§ dU'Q'C do mc;1ch tong quat (sa do dan tuy§n), do nguyen ly va
. SO' SO'
SO' do chi ti§t trong lap d$t di$n theo yeu c§u ky thu~t.
• Thl,l'c hanh lap d$t di$n x1 nghi$p va dan dt,1ng theo dung tieu chu~n di$n
(TCVN) ...
• Ki~m tra va thLP mc;1ch trong lap d$t di$n theo tieu chu~n di$n (TCVN).
Khoa nieti - Troong TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 2
- Yeu c§u ve danh gia hoan thanh mo dun.
Yeu c§u ve kien th(pc:
• Qui each cac loc;1i day dan, cap, qui each dLI'6'ng day hc;1 ap (dU'&i 1000V).
• Ky nang dQc, phan tfch cac loc;1i SO' d6 lap d$t mo.th$ th6ng di$n.
• Gae khai ni$m va cac yeu cau ky thu$t trong lap d$t dLI'ang day tren khong.
• PhU'O'ng phap lap d$t dU'ang day tren khong dam bao an toan cho ngLI'ai va
thi~t bi.
• Gae yeu cau cua mc;1ng di$n dan d1,mg.
• Gae sa d6 cua mc;1ng di$n dan d1,mg.
• PhLI'ang phap lap d$t mc;1ng di$n dan d1,mg.
• Gae khai ni$m, cac yeu cau cua mc;1ng di$n xi nghi$p.
• PhLI'ang phap lap d$t dU'6'ng cap.
• PhLI'ang phap lap d$t tu di~u khien/ tu dong htc.
• PhLI'ang phap lap d$t h$ th6ng n6i dat va ch6ng set cho cong tr1nh di$n.
Yeu cau v~ ky nang
• SU' d1,mg thanh thc;10 cac thiM bi, cong Cl) lap d$t di$n.
• Lap d$t dU'ang day tren khong.
• Lap d$t cac mc;1ng chi~u sang.
• Kiem tra, phat hi$n, XU' ly Sl,I' c6 va dU'a vao v$n hanh mc;1ng di$n.
• Lap d$t dLI'ang day cap, mc;1ng di$n cong nghi$p.
• Lap d$t tu di~u khien, tu dong ll)'c.
• Trang bi n6i dat dU'ang day.
Cong cl) danh gia
• Ly thuy~t:
- SU' dl)ng ngan hang cau hoi trac nghi$m.
- Ngan hang dap an de t 9 o bo d~ thi.
• Thl,l'c hanh:
- Thl,l'c hi$n cac bai t$p & ngoai trai: Di day tren khong, n6i dat ...
- Thl,l'c hi$n cac bai t$p trong XU'ctng: Di cac mc;1ng di$n nha ...
• Bang tieu chf danh gia
• Thai gian qui dinh
• San ph~m danh gia: Gae bai kiem tra, bai thi, bai thl,l'c hanh.
PhLI'ang phap danh gia:
- C6 the danh gia theo qua tr1nh.
Yeu cau v~ thai do .
• Nghiem tuc, tich Cl,l'C, chu dong trong hQc t$p.
• Chap hanh nghiem chinh noi qui cua XLI'ctng.
Khoa nieih - Troorig TCN KTCN Hurig Voong Page 3
- Bai 1
cAc KIEN THCrc vA KY NANG ca BAN VE LAP DAT 011:;N
1.1 . Khai ni~m chung v~ ky thm)t lap d~t di~n
1.1.1. Tf> ch(J,c cong vi~c lap d~t di~n.
Noi dung t6 ch(pc cong vi$c bao g6m cac h9ng mvc chinh sau:
Kiem tra va thi,
t6, nh6m lap d$t theo tung ITnh Vl!C chuyen mon. Vi$c chuyen mon h6a cac can bQ
va cong nhan lap d$t di$n theo tung ITnh Vl!C cong vi$c c6 the tang nang suc'.it lao
dong, nang cao chc'.it ILI'Q'ng, cong vi$c dU'Q'C tien hanh nhjp nhang khong bi ngLI'ng
tr$. Cac d()i nh6m lap d$t c6 the t6 ch(pc theo CO' cc'.iu sau:
• BQ ph$n chu§n bi tuyen cong tac: Khao sat tuyen, chia khoang c(>t, vi trf
m6ng c(>t theo dia h1nh Cl,l the, danh d§u, dL,Jc lo cac hQp, tu di$n phan ph
- • BQ ph~'m l~p d~t cac trang thi~t bi di$n va m~mg di$n cho cac thi~t bi, may
m6c cung nhLI' cac cong tr1nh chuyen dt,mg ...
Thanh ph§n, s6 ILI'Q'ng cac dQi, t6, nh6m dU'Q'C phan chia phl.J thu9c vao kh5i IU'Q'ng
va thai h9 n hoan thanh cong vi$c.
1.2. Mot s6 ki hi$u di$n thU'ang dung
Bang 1.1 M9t s6 cac ki hi~u cua cac thi~t bi di$n
Kf hi~u Ten QQi Kf hi~u Ten QQi
---- Noi v6'i nhau v~ CO' Day dan
khi /77 ngoai 16'p
r---- V~n hanh bang tay trat
Day dan
/77 trong 16'p
E--- V~n hanh bang tay,
an
trat
Day dan
/77 dlP6'i 16'p
trat
]---- V~n hanh bang tay,
Day dan
keo
0 trong ong
lap d~t
V~n hanh bang tay,
_F--- xoay
_L
Cap n6i d§t
V~n hanh bang tay,
i:--- l~t
~
Cu9n day
0---- Cam bi~n
~ ~ T1;1 di~n
--v-- O trcjmg thai nghi
-:7-- M6'ch~m
--E-- Dong ch~m
Khoa nieh - Trb6rig TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 5
- Ki hi~u Ki hi~u
Bi§u dien & Bi§u dien & Ten gQi Bi§u dien & Bi§u dien & Ten gQi
d 9 ng chi tii§t d 9 ng dO'n d 9 ng chi tii§t d 9 ng dO'n
tuyi§n tuy§n
[mJ
6cam
~
m~
L 1/N/PE
HQp n6i c6 bao
v~, 1 cai
)-
1[] g
Nut nh§n
khong
den
~-
)---
-en
huynh
155] 6 Cong tac
H quang
lg
E>en bao
doi
j/ kh§n c§p
l[B] )( Cong tac
4 ch§u
m~
E>en va
(cong
den bao
tac chll'
kh§n c§p
thap)
Khoa nieh - Troorig TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 6
- Kf hiEJ)u Ki hi~u Ten q9i
Vo
Bi~u dien &
dc;1ng chi ti§t
Bi~u dien &
dc;1ng dO'n
tuy§n
Ten g9i
[J
----QD-
00
May Hai khi c1:1
bi~n ap ---------- di~n trong
m9tv6
RO' le,
I
□---, 6 kh6'i
d9ng
I
I
I
I C§u chi
tU'
Cong
-D Chuong
~
tac bao
0 dong
di~n Keng
xung --B
RO' le
th6'i -
- • 0i$n tr& m◊t chieu cua day dan & 20°C
L
ro = p-,Q
F
2
Trang d6: p- di$n tr& su§t cua v~H li$u lam day dan , Q mm / km,
2
+ 06i v&i day d6ng p = 18,5Qmm /km,
+ 06i v&i day nhom p = 29,4Qmm2 /km,
+ 06i v&i day hqp kim nhom p = 32,3Qmm2 /km.
L - chieu dai dU'ang day, km.
2
F - ti~t di$n day dan, mm .
• 0i$n tr& cua day dan 6' t°C
rt = r0 +r0 a(t-20°)
Trang d6 : r0 - di$n tr& 6' 20°c,
a - h$ s6 nhi$t dQ
+ 06i v&i day d6ng a =0,0040;
+ 06i v&i day nhom a= 0,00403 + 0,00429 ;
+ 06i v&i day thep a= 0,0057 + 0,0062.
• 0inh lu~t om d6i v&i dong di$n m◊t chieu
I= u
R
hoac
.
u = I.R
06i v&i dong di$n xoay chieu :
1= u hoac u = I.Z
z .
Trang d6 : I - dong di$n ,A ;
u -di$n ap ,v ;
R -di$n tr& , n _
z -tong tr& ' Q
z = .Jr2 + (XL - Xe )2
Trang d6 : r -di$n tr&, o ;
XL -Cam khang ' Q ;
Xe -dung khang , Q ;
• Cong su§t dong m◊t chieu
• Cong su§t dong xoay chieu m◊t pha
+ Cong su§t tac dL,mg P = U.l.coscp;
+ Cong su§t phan khang Q = U.l.sincp;
+ Cong su§t bieu khi~n S = ✓P 2 + Q 2 = U.1
• Cong su§t dong xoay chieu 3 pha.
+ Cong su§t tac dL,Jng P = ✓3Ulcoscp, W ;
+ Cong su§t phan khang 0= ✓3Ulsincp, VAR;
+ Cong su§t bieu khi~n S = ✓ 3U I, VA ;
Trang d6: U -di$n ap pha v&i dong xoay chieu m◊t pha , di$n ap day d5i v&i dong
dien xoay chieu ba pha , V ;
I -dong di$n , A ;
Khoa nieih - Trbong TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 8
- R -di$n tr& , n ;
cos cp - h$ s6 cong su§t ; c6 gia tri tll' 0 t&i 1
cp -g6c I$ch pha giCra vec tO' di$n ap va vec tO' dong di$n trong
m9 ch dong xoay chi~u.
1.32. Cong thU'c va bang d~ xac dinh tiet di$n day dan va gia trj t6n th§t di$n ap
tren dU'ang day tren khong di$n ap t&i 1000V.
T6n th§t di$n ap ClfC d 9 i tfnh theo phan tram (liU¾) tren d9an dU'ang day n6i
tll' may bien ap t&i thiet bi tieu thl) di$n xa nh§t khong dU'Q'C VU'Q't qua 6%.
Vi$c xac dinh tiet di$n day d6ng va day nhom tran cua dU'ang day tren khong
t&i 1kV dU'Q'C tien hanh theo cong th(pc
F= M
C~U%
Trong d6: F-tiet di$n day dan , mm 2.
M: Mo men phi) tai, kW.m
M = P1 (tfch cua phi) tai - kw v&i chi~u dai dU'ang day -m )
C - h$ s6 ( xem bang 1 -1)
~u -t6n th§t di$n ap %.
Vf di): Xac djnh tiet di$n day dan cua dU'ang day tren khong ba pha b6n day ,
dung day nhom di$n ap 380/220 V c6 chi~u dai I = 200m. Phi) tai cua dU'ang day P
= 15 kW , cos cp = 1. T6n that di$n ap cho phep ~U cp% = 4%.
Tfnh mo men phi) tai M =Pl= 15.200 = 3000 k W.m.
Xac dinh tiet di$n day dan m6i pha :
F= M = 3000 = 15m mz
C~U% 50.4
ChQn day nh6m c6 tiet di$n chuan 16mm2 - ma hi$U A - 16 la tiet di$n gan nhat
v&i tiet di$n tfnh toan va la tiet di$n day nh6 nhat theo quy trlnh trang bi di$n cho
phep d6i VO'i day nhom & c§p di$n ap 0,4kV theo dQ b~n CO' hQC.
Ki~m tra I9 i t6n th§t di$n ap :
M 3000
MU =CF= _ =3,85
- 4 day 380/220V khi 83 50 pha ho$c dLrcmg 3,5 2
ph1,.1 tai phan bf> day dong di$n mot
d~u tren cac pha chi~u 110V
0Lrang day 2 pha 0Lrang day mot
(hai day n6ng) cua 37 20 pha ho$c dLrang 0,41 0,24
h$ th6ng 3 pha day dong di$n mot
380/220V khi ph1,.1 chi~u 120V
tai phan bf> d§u
tren cac pha
0Lrang day mot
pha ho$c dLrang 14 8,4
day dong di$n mot
chi§u 220V
1.4Cac l9ai SO' d6 cho vi~c ti~n hanh lap dijt mQt h~ th8ng di~n
Trong vi~c ve SO' d6 thi§t k§ h~ th6ng di$n, phai nghien CLPU ky nO'i lap d$t, yeu
c§u thap sang, cong suat. .. Tren CO' s6' d6 thi§t k§ cho dap LPng yeu c§u trang bi
di$n.
Khi trlnh bay ban ve thi§t k§ c6 the dung cac SO' d6 sau:
• SO' d6 vi trf (sO' d6 lap d$t)
• SO' d6 dO'n tuy§n (sO' d6 t6ng quat)
• SO' d6 chi ti§t
• SO' d6 kf hi$u (SO' d6 nguyen ly).
Tren cac SO' d6 di$n c§n c6 vi$c hLr&ng dan ghi chu vi$c lap d$t:
• PhLrO'ng thLPc di day c1,.1 the tCmg nO'i.
• L9ai day, ti§t di$n, s6 ILrQ'ng day.
• LQai thiet bi di$n, IQai den va nO'i d$t
• Vi trf d$t hop di§u khien, 6 lay di$n, cong tac.
• Cong suat cua di~n nang k§.
1.4.1. SO' d6 vj tri.
Mot ban ve m$t bang xay dL,mg dLrQ'C bieu dien vi trf lap d$t cac thi§t bi di$n
tren d6 con dLrQ'C gQi la SO' d6 vi trf (sO' d6 lap d$t). Tren SO' d6 vi trf danh dau vi trf
d$t den, vi trf d$t ca-c thi§t bi di$n thl)'c te ... theo dung SO' d6 m$t bang ki§n true.
Cac den va thiet bi c6 ghi dLrang lien h~ v&i cong tac di§u khien ho$c dO'n gian chi
c§n ve cac kf hi~u cua cac thiet bi di~n CY nhCrng vi trf c§n lap d$t ma khong ve cac
dLrang day n6i d§n cac thiet bi. Vf d1,.1: Trong mot can phong c§n lap d$t 1 b6ng den
v&i mot cong tac va 1 6 cam c6 day bao v$ nhLr hlnh 1.1
Khoa nien - Troorig TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 10
- 3
Hinh 1. 1 Sa t chT
SI.J' noi day giCra den va h(>p noi, cong tac trong m9 ch di~n theo ky hi~u. Trong SO'
d6 chi tiet cac thiet bi dU'Q'C bieu dien dU'&i d9 ng ky hi~u chi tiet. Theo nguyen tac
cac cong tac dU'Q'C n6i v&i day pha.
Cac thiet bi di~n dU'Q'C bieu dien dU'&i tr9 ng thai khong tac d(>ng va m9 ch di~n &
trang thai khong c6 nguon. (h1nh 1.2).
SO' d6 chi tiet dU'Q'C ap d1.,mg de ve chi tiet m(>t m9 ch di~n, de hU'&ng dan di
day m(>t phan trong chi tiet ban ve. C6 the ap d1,mg cho ban ve m9 ch phan ph6i
di~n va kiem soat.
X: Vi trf h(>p n6i, do mi no, 6 cam, phfch cam.
Q: Cong tac cong su§t, cong tac
E: "Tai", Ben, lo sU'&i
PE L1 N
~
(ii
X1 E1
~
X2 (ii Q1
'7_
( y y
Hinh 1.2 Sa
- f)e dan gian h6a cac ban ve nhi~u dU'ang day kh6 dQc, th§y r6 quan h$ trong
mc;lCh, ngLI'ai ta thU'ang SU' dl,mg SO' d6 dan tuyen. Trang SO' d6 nay cOng neu r6 chi
tiet, vj trf thl)'c te cua cac den, thiet bi di$n nhU' sa d6 chi tiet. Tuy nhien cac dU'ang
day chi ve m9t net va c6 danh s6 ILI'qng day, v1 v~y de ve han va tiet ki$m nhi~u
thai gian ve, de dQc, de hieu han so v&i SO' d6 chi tiet
L1/N/PE
3 3
----~~-----; • f------~'------1
07
NYM-J 1,5
60 X1 E1
3
01
X2
Hinh 1.3 SO' a6 aO'n tuy§n
1.4.3. SO' do nguyen ly
Dung de tr1nh bay nguyen ly ho 9 t dQng cua m9 ch di$n. Trang sa d6 ky hi$u
khong c§n ton trong cac vj trf den, thiet bi di$n trong m9 ch, nham th§y r6 Sl)' tU'ang
quan giO,a cac ph§n tU' trong m9 ch. H1nh 1.4
L1 N
Hinh 1.4 SO' a6 nguyen ly mc;1ch 1 b6ng aen, 1 o ciJm, 1 cong tac ..
Bai 2
Khoa nietl - Tr66rig TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 12
- THl)'C HANH LAP DAT E>U'O'NG DAY TREN KHONG
2.1 Cac khai ni~m va yeu cau ky thu~t
2.1.1 Cac khai ni~m
• 0U'ang day truyfm tai diE;in tren khong
Cong trlnh xay dl,mg mang tfnh chat ky thw}t dung d§ truyfm tai diE;in nang theo
day dan dU'Q'C lap d$t ngoai trai va dU'Q'C k~p ch$t nha SU', xa, cot va cac chi tiet ket
cau xay dl)'ng dU'Q'C gQi la dU'ang day tren khong. SO, dLI'Q'C lam bang SU' hoc;1c thuy
tinh dung d~ each diE;in giCl'a day dan v6'i cot va dat. SO, tuy theo ket cau va each lap
d$t dU'Q'C phan thanh s(J, cf(J,ng (sO, kim) va s(J, treo. so, dO,ng dung cho cac dU'ang
day c6 di(;ln ap den 35kV; SU' treo dU'Q'C dung cho cac dU'ang day c6 diE;in ap tl.l'
35kV tr& len. Tuy nhien O' mot so khoang VU'Q't quan trQng d~ tang CLI'O'ng v~ ll)'c
cung nhLI' tang cU'ang v~ each di(;ln ngU'ai ta dung s(J, treo cho cac dU'ang day 6,
10, 35kV.
0§ truy~n tai diE;in nang xoay chi~u ba pha, thLI'ang la dU'ang day c6 so pha
tU'O'ng O,ng v6'i so day. 0U'ang day hQ ap (0,4kV) do yeu c§u c§n ca diE;in ap pha Ian
diE;in ap day nen dU'ang day c6 them day th(J, tLI' gQi la day trung tfnh. Neu phi) tai 3
pha doi xO,ng thl tiet diE;in day trung tfnh bang n&a tiet diE;in day pha. Trang ILI'6'i diE;in
sinh h9at chu yeu dung diE;in ap pha 220V, phi) tai kh6 phan bo d~u giCl'a cac pha
nen tiet diE;in day trung tfnh c6 th§ chQn bang tiet diE;in day pha.
Do day dan c6 dong diE;ln chQy qua va mang diE;in ap nen day dan phai dU'Q'C
each diE;in v6'i cot va each dat mot khoang each an t6an.
• Khoang each tieu chu§.n
Khoang each tieu chu§.n la khoang each ngan nhat giCl'a day dan dU'Q'C cang va
dat, giO,a day dan dU'Q'C cang va cong trlnh xay dl)'ng, giCl'a day dan v6'i cot va giCl'a
day dan v6'i nhau.
• Bo v6ng treo day .
00 v6ng treo day dU'Q'C gQi la khoang each theo chi~u thang d(J,ng tl.l' dU'ang
thang noi hai di~m treo day tren cot t6'i di~m thap nhat cua day dan do tac dl)ng
cua khoi ILI'qng day.
• Ll)'C cang day
Ll)'c cang day dU'Q'C gQi la ll)'c cang keo day va k~p ch$t day dan tren cot.
• Che do lam viE;ic blnh thLI'ang
Che do lam viE;ic blnh thU'ang cua dU'ang day la che do lam viE;ic day dan khong
bi dO,t.
• Che do Sl)' c6
Che do lam vi(;lc Sl)' c6 cua dU'ang day la che do lam vi(;lc cua dU'ang day khi
day dan bi d(J,t du chi mot day.
• Che do lam ViE;ic lap d$t.
Che do lam viE;ic lap d$t la Sl)' lam vi(;lc cua dU'ang day trong di~u kiE;in lap d$t
cot, day dan, day chf>ng set.
• Khoang VU'Q't trung gian
Khoang VLI'Q't trung gian cua dU'ang day la khoang each theo m$t phang nam
ngang giCl'a hai cot trung gian chi dong vai tro giCI' day con ll)'c cang day chu yeu tac
dong len cac cot chiu ll)'c. khoang each giO,a cot trung gian va cot chiu ll)'c ben cQnh
cOng dU'Q'C gQi la khoang VU'Q't trung gian.
• Khoang neo ch$t
· Khoa fiieih - Tr66rig TCN KTCN Hurig Voong Page 13
- Khoang hay d9an neo chc;tt la khoang each theo mc;tt phang nam ngang giO,a hai
c(>t chju h)'c gan nhau. Khoang neo chc;tt bao g6m m(>t s6 cac khoang VU'Q't trung
gian. Gae c(>t chiu ll)'c la cac c(>t chju toan bQ tai tr9ng cang keo day ve m1nh. Day
dan tren cac c(>t nay dU'Q'C k$p neo chc;tt khong cho phep tu(>t hoc;tc trLI'Q't nhLI' CY c(>t
trung gian. Gae c(>t chju ll)'c bao g6m cac c(>t dau tuyen, hoc;tc cac c(>t cu6i tuyen va
cac c(>t g6c day dan chuyen d6i hLI'6'ng di.
• G(>t va pht,1 ki{;ln
G(>t va pht,1 ki{;ln la cac chi tiet bang kim lo 9 i dung de n6i hai dau day dan v&i
nhau, de k$p day dan vao SU' va de bao v{;l cho day dan tranh nhO,ng hU' hong do
rung d(>ng.
• 0(> ben dl! trO,
0(> ben dl! trO, cua cac phan tU' rieng re cua dU'ang day la ti s6 giO,a gia tri tai
tr9ng pha huy phan tll' v&i tai tr9ng tac d(>ng chu§n (thU'ang l§y la ll)'c keo 16'n
nh§t).
2.1.2 Yeu cau ky thw}t.
2.1.2.1 0LI'ang day truyen tai di{;ln cao h9 ap t&i 35kV
Khi xay dl)'ng cac dU'ang day truyen tai di{;ln cao h9 ap t&i 35kV v&i day dan dU'Q'C
k$p chc;tt tren SU' dLl'ng, can thoa man cac yeu cau ky thu$t sau: .
- 06i v&i dLI'ang day di qua vung dong dan CLI': Day dan can dung IQai day dan vc;in
xoan c6 nhieu sqi nh6, tiet di{;ln t6i thieu cua day dan khong dU'Q'C nh6 han 35 mm 2
d6i v&i day nhom va khong dU'Q'C nh6 han 25 mm 2 d6i v&i day nhom loi thep.
- Khi dU'ang day di qua vung dan CLI' thU'a that: Tiet di{;ln day t6i thieu cua day nhom
la 25 mm 2 va day nhom 15i thep la 16 mm 2 .
- Khi dU'ang day di qua cac chU'&ng ng 9 i v$t khac nhau can tham khao cac qui djnh
trang bi di{;ln ve tiet di{;ln day t6i thieu cho phep nhLI':
• Khi day di qua song, ao, h6, dam lay, ti§t di{;ln t6i thieu cua day nhom la
khong dU'Q'c nh6 han 70 mm 2 va day nhom loi thep khong dU'Q'c nh6 han 25
mm 2 ; khi dLI'ang day di qua song ngoi kenh r9 ch c 9 n nLI'&c, tiet di{;ln day
khong dU'Q'C nh6 han 35 mm 2 v&i t§t ca cac IQai day.
• Khi dU'ang day cat ngang qua cac dLI'ang day thong tin lien 19 c d6i v&i day
nhom khong dU'Q'C nh6 han 70 mm 2 , 06i v&i day nhom loi thep khong dU'Q'c
nh6 han 25 mm 2 .
• Khi dU'ang day cat ngang qua dU'ang sat, dU'ang 6ng nU'&c, 6ng hai va cac
dU'ang cap treo v&i daf nhom khong nh6 han 70 mm 2 va day nhom 15i thep
khong nh6 han 35 mm .
• Khi dU'ang day cat ngang dLI'ang o to, dU'ang tau di{;ln, .. dU'ang o to di{;ln v&i
day nhom khong nh6 han 35 mm 2 va day nhom loi thep khong nh6 han 25
m~. .
Khong cho phep n6i day dan va day ch6ng set trong khoang VLI'Q't c6 cac giao
cM v&i cac cong tr1nh tren.
Khoang each giLI'a cac cay c(>t dan v&i cay khong nh6 han 2,5m v&i dU'ang day
35kV v&i c(>t h1nh cbng khong nh6 han 3m.
Khoang each nho nh§t trong khong khf giO,a cac phan tll' dan di{;ln va cac
phan tll' n6i d~t cua cac dU'ang day tren khong dung SU' dLl'ng d6i v&i di{;ln ap t&i
10kV la 15cm, 20kV la 25cm, 35kV la 35cm. Khi dU'ang day tren khong c6 di$n ap
t&i 35kV di qua vung thU'a dan, kh6ang each tll' day dan t&i d§t theo chieu thang
dLl'ng CY che d(> lam vi{;lc b1nh thLI'ang khong dU'Q'C nh6 han 6m. CY nhO,ng cho dieu
Khoa nieai - Trbcmg TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 14
- ki$n thc;1t kh6 khan khoang each nay c6 th~ giam con 3m. Khoang each nay dU'Q'C
xac djnh khi nhi$t dQ khong khf l&n nhat va dong di$n ch 9y qua day dan d6t n6ng
nhieu nhat.
Khi dU'ang day tren khong c6 di$n ap t&i 35kV di qua vung dong dan cU',
khoang each tLI' day dan t&i dat theo chieu thang dLPng & ch~ dQ lam vi$c blnh
thU'ang khong dU'Q'C nho han 7m.
Khoang each theo chieu nam ngang cua day dan gan nhat v&i nha CLI'a va
cong trlnh xay dl._l'ng khi dQ I$ch cua day (dQ lac IU') l&n nhat khong dU'Q'C nho han
2m df>i v&i dU'ang day 20kV va 4m d6i v&i dU'ang day 35kV. CY vung thU'a dan CU'
khoang each theo chieu nam ngang giCra day dan gan nhat khi khong xet t&i vi trf
I$ch v&i phan gan nhat cua d6i tU'Q'ng nha CU'a, cong trlnh xay dl._l'ng khong dU'Q'C
nho han 1Om d6i v&i dU'ang day t&i 20kV va 15m d6i v&i dU'ang day 35kV
Khoang each tLI' day dan cua dU'ang day di$n ap t&i 35kV t&i m$t nU'&c d6i
v&i song ngoi & m(pc nU'O'C cao nhat la 6m.
Khi di ngang qua dU'ang day cao ap, dU'ang day c6 di$n ap thap han phai
nam dU'&i dLI'ang day c6 di$n ap cao han.
Khi di ngang qua dU'ang day thong tin lien I9 c, dU'ang day truyen tai di$n
phai di tren dU'ang day thong tin lien I9 c va cac dU'ang day tfn hi$u.
Khi dU'ang day di qua rLl'ng ho$c qua cac d6i tr6ng cay d6i v&i dU'ang day h9
ap khoang each theo chieu thang d(png d6i v&i ngQn cay va chieu nam ngang d6i
v&i tan cay phai each day dan khi I$ch l&n nhat khong dLI'&i 1m.
2.1.2.2 8¢ chon sau cua c◊t di$n h9 ap
Kf ch thU'&c chon sau c◊t dU'Q'C xac djnh dl._l'a vao chieu cao cua CQt, dieu ki$n
dat dai cOng nhU' cac bi$n phap dao, dam dat. Kf ch thU'&c chon cQt be tong c6t
thep cho trong bang 2.1
Bang 2.1 Kfch thU'&c chon sau c◊t do trung gian dU'ang day dU'&i 1 kV
T6ng ti~t t - - - Kfch thU'&c chon sau c◊t (m)
--------~~------1
di$n day 89 cao toan bQ cua c◊t so v&i m~t
8$c tfnh cua dat dan mac f - - - - ~ - - - - - - ,dat, m
-'---,-----------1
trencot T&i8,5 11+12 T&i8,5 11+12
2
mm . Dao, dam dat Dao, dam dat
ban tay ban~ may
Bat set, dat pha cat bao f - - -150 1,8 2; 15
-----t-~--~--+-----'-----------t-~----1
1,6 1, 75
hoa nU'&c, ap suat tfnh 300 2,3 2,5 1,8 2,0
t6an len dat 1 kG/ cm 2 f----5-0-0---1--2...:....,7--+---2--'-,-9----+-2----','-0-+---2-'-,3----1
Bat set, dat pha cat c6 f--------+-~--+----------'---+-----'--------+-~----1
150 1,5 1,8 1,4 1,5
dQ am tl._l' nhien, dat f----------!----"---+----------'---+-----'-------------+-~----1
300 1,9 2,2 1,6 1,8
hoang th6 kho, cat am ft, 500 2,3 2,5 1,8 2, 1
ap suat tf nh t6an len dat
1,5+2 kG/ cm 2
Bat set chac, dat soi da, 150 1,35 1,6 1,2 1,3
soi Ian cat, dat da dam, 1---3-0-0--+---1-'-,-7-1---2-'-,0-+---1--'-,4--+--1-'-,6------1
ap suat tf nh t6an len dat 500 2, 1 2,2 1,6 1,9
Khoa nieh - Tr66rtg TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 15
- 2.2 Cac ph1:1 ki~n dU'ang day
2.2.1 Day dan
0oi v&i dU'ang day truyen tai di$n tren khong thlfang dung day tr§n khong
bQc each di$n. Day dan trong qua trlnh v$n hanh phai chiu dt,mg dlfQ'C cac tac
d(>ng cua khf h$u, thai tiet khac nhau nhlf Sl,I' dao d(>ng cua nhi$t dQ moi trlfang,
gi6 bao, d◊ §m ... , tac d(>ng h6a hQc do d◊ §m cua moi trlfang, tac d(>ng cua hO'i
muoi bi§n, chat thai cong nghi$p ...
NhCrng yeu c§u CO' ban doi v&i day dan khi xet t&i cac tac d(>ng tren la day
dan phai c6 dQ dan di$n cao, du dQ ben CO' hQc, chiu dl,l'ng dU'Q'C tac d(>ng h6a hQc
va tac d(>ng cua moi trU'ang va phai re tien.
V$t li$u chfnh d§ lam day dan la d6ng, nhom va thep.
06ng c6 dQ dan di$n tot nhat, c6 dQ ben CO' hQc cao, 6n dinh doi v&i tac d(>ng
h6a hQc. Do d6ng la v$t li$u quf hiem nen ngay nay thlfang khong dung d6ng d§
truyen tai di$n. Day d6ng chT dung cho cac dU'ang cap.
Nhom c6 dQ dan di$n va dQ ben CO' hQc kem hO'n d6ng nhU'ng c6 khoi IU'Q'ng
rieng nh6, gia thanh re va khong phai la v$t li$u qui hiem nen day nhom dU'Q'C dung
r(>ng rai tren dU'ang day tai di$n.
Thep c6 dQ dan di$n thap nhlfng dQ ben CO' hQc cao, gia thanh tU'O'ng doi
thap. 0§ bao v$ day thep tranh bi tac d(>ng cua moi trlfang, day thep se dU'Q'C m 9
kem. Thong thlfang nglfai ta dung loi thep d§ tang CU'ang dQ ben CO' hQc cho day
nhom.
0§ lap d$t day dan tren SU' d(J,ng nglfai ta thlfang SU' dt.,mg cac cau true day dan
sau: Day dO'n t(J,c la day chT c6 m(>t SQ'i, day v$n xoan hieu SQ'i, day v$n xoan nhieu
SQ'i tl.l' t6 hQ'p hai kim lo 9 i.
Day nhom tr§n xoan dung cho dU'ang day tal di$n tren khong, kf hi$u theo
TCVN la A; theo IEC & ASTM la AAC (All Aluminium Conductor). T 9 1 cac vung ven
bi§n hay cac mien khong khf c6 tfnh an man kim lo 9 1, day nhom tr§n se dU'Q'C dien
day m5' trung tfnh chiu nhi$t c6 nhi$t dQ chay nh6 giQt khong dU'&I 120°. Tuy theo
m(J,c dQ che phu cua m5', day c6 cac lo 9 1 sau: A/Lz; A/Mz; A/Hz; AKP. Tuy theo yeu
c§u cua khach hang, CADIVI c6 kha nang san xuat day A theo cac tieu chu§n:
• Tieu chu§n Vi~t Nam TCVN 5064-1994.
• Tieu chu§n Au chau IEC 1089-91.
• Tieu chu§n My ASTM B231-81.
• Tieu chu§n 0U'C DIN 48201.
0$c tfnh ky thu$t cua day A cho trong bang 2-1 va 2-2
Bang 2-1. 0$c tf nh ky thu$t cua day A theo TCVN 5064-1994
M$t So 0U'ang 0i$n Ll,l'C Kh.lU'Q'ng Khoi IU'Q'ng m5'
cat sqi/dU'O'ng kfnh tr& DC keo day Kg/km
danh kfnh SQ'i t&ng ()' 20° d(J,t khong k~
dinh m5'
mm;:: N°/mm mm 0/km N Kg/km Mz AKP Hz
14 7/1,60 4,8 2,0336 2674 38 0 1 2
16 7/1,70 5, 1 1,8007 3021 43 0 1 3
25 7/2,13 6,4 1, 1489 4500 68 0 1 4
35 7/2,51 7,5 0,8347 5913 95 0 2 6
50 7/3,00 9,0 0,5748 8198 135 0 3 9
Khoa fiien - Tr66rig TCN KTCN Hurig Voong Page 16
- 70 7/3,55 10,7 0,4131 11288 189 0 4 12
95 19/2,55 12,6 0,3114 14784 258 6 10 18
120 19/2,80 14,0 0,2459 19890 321 8 13 23
120 37/2,03 14,2 0,2459 19890 329 12 16 24
...
Bang 2-2. 8$c tfnh ky thw)t cua day A thea DIN 48201
M$t s6 8U'6'ng 8i$n Ll)'c Kh.lLI'qng Kh6i ILI'Q'ng m5'
cat sqi/dLI'6'ng kfnh tr& DC kea day Kg/km
danh kfnh SQ'i t6ng O' 20° d(rt khong k~
dinh m5'
mm 2 N°/mm mm Q/km N Kg/km Mz AKP Hz
16 7/1,70 5, 1 1,8018 2900 43 0 1 3
25 7/2,10 6,3 1, 1808 4250 66 0 1 4
35 7/2,50 7,5 0,8332 5850 94 0 2 6
50 7/3,00 9,0 0,5786 8100 135 0 3 9
50 19/1,80 9,0 0,5950 8600 133 0 5 9
70 19/2,10 10,5 0,4371 11500 181 4 7 13
95 19/2,50 12,5 0,3084 15950 256 6 10 18
120 19/2,80 14,0 0,2459 19890 321 8 13 23
150 37/2,25 15,2 0,1960 25700 404 15 19 29
...
Day nhom loi thep dung cha dU'6'ng day tai di$n tren khong, kf hi$u thea TCVN
la As; thea IEC & ASTM la ACSR; thea rOCT la AC. Tc;il cac vung ven bi~n hay cac
mien khong khf c6 tfnh an mon kim la 9 1, day nhom tr§n se dU'Q'C dien d§y m5' trung
tfnh chiu nhi$t c6 nhi$t d(> chay nh6 giQt khong dU'6'i 120°. Tuy thea m(rc d(> che
phu cua m5', day c6 cac lac;1I sau: ACSR/Lz; ACSR/Mz; A CSR/Hz; ACKP. Tuy thea
yeu c§u cua khach hang, CADIVI c6 kha nang san xu§t day A thea cac tieu chuan:
• Tieu chuan Vi$t Nam TCVN 5064-1994.
• Tieu chuan Au chau IEC 1089-91.
• Tieu chuan My ASTM B232-92.
• Tieu chuan 8(rc DIN 48204.
8$c tf nh ky thu$t cua day nhom loi thep cha trong bang 2-3 va 2-4 ·
Bang 2-3. 8$c tf nh ky thu$t cua day ACSR thea TCVN 5064-'94
M$t Sqi Sqi 8U'6'ng 8i$n Ll)'C Kh.lU'Q'ng Kh6i ILI'Q'ng m5'
cat Nham thep kfnh tr& DC kea day Kg/km
danh Al St t6ng O' 20° d(rt khong k~
dinh m5'
mm 2 N°/mm N°/mm mm Q/km N Kg/km Lz Mz Hz ACKP
10/1,8 6/1,50 1/1,50 4,50 2,7046 4089 43 0,0 0,0 2,2 0,5
16/2,7 6/1,85 1/1,85 5,60 1,7818 6220 65 0,0 0,0 3,3 0,7
25/4 6/2,30 1/2,30 6,90 1, 1521 9296 100 0,0 0,0 5,1 1, 1
35/6 6/2,80 1/2,80 8,40 0,7774 13524 149 0,0 0,0 7,5 1,6
Khoa nien - Troorig TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 17
- 50/8 6/3,20 1/3,20 9,60 17112 195 195 0,0 0,0 9,8 2,2
...
Bang 2-4. 0$c tinh ky thuc;1t cua day ACSR theo DIN 48204
M$t Sqi Sqi 0U'an Di~n Ll,l'C Kh.lU' Khoi IU'Q'ng ma
c~t Nhom thep g tr& keo qng Kg/km
danh Al St kfnh DC O' dll't day
djnh t6ng 20° khon
g ke
ma
mmz Nu/mm Nu/m mm Q/km N Kg/k Lz Mz Hz ACK
m m p
16/2, 6/1,80 1/1,8 5,4 1,870 5950 61 3, 1 7,0
5 0
25/4 6/2,25 1/2,2 6,8 1,200 9200 96 4,8 11, 1
5 2
35/6 6/2,70 1/2,7 8,1 0,835 1265 138 7,0 15,0
0 2 0
44/32 14/2,0 1/2,4 11,2 0,657 4500 369 5, 5,5 14, 12,0
0 0 3 0 5 0
50/8 6/3,20 7/3,2 9,6 0,594 1710 194 98, 22,0
0 6 0 0
50/30 12/2,3 1/2,3 11,7 0,564 4380 374 5, 5,2 15, 12,2
3 3 3 0 2 6
2.2.2 SCr
SLP la ph1,1 ki$n cua dU'ang day ph1,1 thu(>c vao di$n ap va gia tri cua dll'ang
day. SLP dU'Q'C dung de k~p giCI' day dan va each di$n v&i xa va c(>t. Cac IQai SL.I'
thU'ang dung la sLP dLPng (sLP kim) ho$c s(.p treo.
SLP trong dieu ki~n lam vi~c b1nh thU'crng mang tai trong ca hQc va d6ng thai
mang di$n ap cua dU'ang day. 0(> ben CO' hQC cua SL.I' d(.png dU'Q'C d$c trU'ng b&i tai
trQng pha hoc;1i CO' hQC be gay va lam rc;1n SL.I'.
SLP ky thuc;1t di$n dU'Q'C ch~ tc;10 tll' nguyen li$U IQai tot nhat cao lanh, cat, -
... De nang cao d$c tinh vc;1n hanh cua SL.I', m$t ngoai SU' dU'Q'C phu m(>t l&p men.
Cac mep khong dU'Q'C trang men la cho ke SU' khi nung va nhCl'ng cho c6 ren de v$n
SL.I' vao ti SU'. Ngoai SU' lam tU' cao lanh va cat, ngay nay ngll'O'i ta con san xuat SU'
bang thuy tinh.
Tuy theo cap di~n ap ma SU' d1,1ng s(.p:
Doi v&i dU'ang day c6 di$n ap tll' 35kV tr& xuong thU'ang dung SL.I' d(png, khi
dU'ang day VU'Q't song, VU'Q't qua dU'ang giao thong ho$c khi kh6ang VU'Q't l&n c6
the dung SL.I' treo de tang CU'O'ng SU'C chju ll,l'C. SU' d(.png Hoang lien san c6 kf hi~u
VHD - 6, VHD - 10, VHD - 35, ch Cl' so chi cap di~n ap cua dU'ang day.
Doi v&i dU'O'ng day c6 di~n ap tll' 11 0kV tr& len dung SU' treo. Chuoi SU' treo
g6m cac bat SL.I'. Tuy theo cap di~n ap cua dU'O'ng day ma chuoi SU' c6 so bat SU'
khac nhau:
Khoa fiietl - Tr66ng TCN KTCN Hung Voong Page 18
nguon tai.lieu . vn