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Semantic Web Standards and Ontologies in the Medical Sciences and Healthcare
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This work was previously published in Semantic Web Technologies and E-Business: Toward the Integrated Virtual Organiza-tion and Business Process Automation, edited by A. Salam and J. Stevens, pp. 405-420, copyright 2007 by IGI Publishing (an imprint of IGI Global).
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Section VIII Emerging Trends
7KLVVHFWLRQKLJKOLJKWVUHVHDUFKSRWHQWLDOZLWKLQWKH¿HOGRIHEXVLQHVVZKLOHH[SORULQJXQFKDUWHGDU-eas of study for the advancement of the discipline. Chapters within this section highlight evolutions in agent-based e-business systems, enhancing e-business on the semantic web, and new trends in electronic payment systems for e-business. These contributions, which conclude this exhaustive, multi-volume set, provide emerging trends and suggestions for future research within this rapidly expanding discipline.
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Chapter 8.1
A Roadmap for Ambient E-Service:
Applications and Embracing Model
Yuan-Chu Hwang
National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Soe-Tsyr Yuan
National Chengchi University, Taiwan
ABSTRACT
Most of the existing mobile services were designed based on the client/server architecture. Those mo-bile services neither paid much attention to mobile users’ interactions with their environments nor considered the collective efforts between the mo-bile users in a dynamic peer group. In this article, WKHQRWLRQRIDPELHQWHVHUYLFHLVVRGH¿QHGDVWR identify a new scope of mobile e-service, which address dynamic collective efforts between mobile users (enabled by mobile peer-to-peer technology), dynamic interactions with ambient environments (envisioned by location-based service), the mo-ment of value (empowered by wireless technolo-gies), and low cost service provision. The notable features of ambient e-services are the exhilarated OLQNDJHEDVHGRQVRFLDOFRQWH[WDQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ rapid growth of connections. We also present an ambient e-service framework that character-
izes ambient e-services with three dimensions (value stack, environment stack, and technology stack), followed by several exemplars of ambient e-service applications. Moreover, we present the ambient e-service embracing model (ASEM) that addresses the integrated consideration of trust, reputation, and privacy required for fostering the growth of ambient e-services and steers the directions of future fruitful relevant research.
INTRODUCTION TO AMBIENT E-SERVICE
7KHQRWLRQRIDPELHQWHVHUYLFHLVGH¿QHGWR identify a new scope of mobile e-services. Until now, there have been two different design para-digms in mobile commerce. Most of the current mobile commerce applications are grounded in the client/server architecture, where the only interac-tions involved are between a service provider and
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A Roadmap for Ambient E-Service
a mobile user. Mobile users are standalone. Users under such service environments cannot interact with each other easily. Although the issues of human-computer interaction with mobile devices has been brought to public attention for the last several years (Paternò, 2003). In current mobile service scenarios, interactions, or cooperation between mobile users are not considered as im-portant issues. Therefore, collective efforts from mobile user groups cannot be produced.
Fortunately, the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technol-ogy with mobile devices makes it possible for mobile users to communicate with each other easily. Mobile users can exchange information wirelessly under a sensors-enabled environment. Ambient e-service is designed based on the P2P architecture that highlights the collaborative interactions of mobile users.
The notion of ambient e-services addresses dynamic collective efforts between mobile users (enabled by mobile-P2P), dynamic interactions with ambient environments (envisioned by loca-tion-based services), moment of value, and low cost service provision. The collective effort is based on the collaborative interactions of mo-bile users, which facilitate the low cost service provision. In a sensor-enabled environment, infor-mation presentations are embedded in everyday objects such as pens, walls, or doors. It makes the environment become an interface of the context
information. Using the Mobile P2P Technol-ogy, users can exchange their information wire-lessly and proceed highly extensive interactions. Grounded on location-based service, location information of mobile users can be retrieved. Hence, ambient e-service can provide personal, timely, and relevant services to mobile users.
Comparing with the client/server design, an ambient e-service has two major distinguished features. First, under the client/server architecture, it is not possible to effectively attain the collec-tive efforts that are tailored to the contexts of the user. Second, with the P2P design, the number RI FRQQHFWLRQV JURZV E\ D VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UDSLG pace especially in an open space. For a better understanding of ambient e-services, we will use an ambient e-service framework (as shown as Figure 1) to identify some possible deliverables (values) of ambient e-services and address the technologies required to support the applications of ambient e-services.
This framework is composed of three dimen-sions, the value stack, the environment stack, and the technology stack. The descriptions of the stacks will be detailed as follows.
Value Stack
The ambient YDOXHVWDFNFRPSULVHV¿YHOD\HUV indicating the supporting value layers for ambient
Figure 1. Ambient e-service framework
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