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- Quy hoạch - Đô thị
- Đôi nét về hoạt động quy hoạch và sử dụng đất công của người Pháp trong khu vực phố cổ Hà Nội cuối thế kỷ XIX đầu thế kỷ XX
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- DOI N€T V€ HOnr DONG OUV HORCH VR SU DUNG DAT CONG
CUfl NGUdl PHflP TRONG KHU VUC PHO CO HR NOI
CUOI THCKV XIX DRU THCKV XX
NGUYEN THI BINH
S au chi du ngay 1-10-1888, Ha Npi 1. Loai h i n h d a t cong t r o n g k h u pho co
trd thanh nhUdng dia cua Phap. Tfl Ha Noi niia d a u t h e ky XDC
day, ngUdi Phap bat tay vao cong cupc khai Khu vUc phd' cd (1) Ha Npi hien nay gdm
thac, lam chu Ha Npi vdi nhii'u hoach dinh 76 tuyi'n phd', thupc 10 phUdng: Ccta Ddng,
nhU: thiet lap t h i chi' mdi, sap xep, quy Ddng Xuan, Hang Bac. Hang Bd, Hang
hoach lai dd thi Ha Npi nham bii'n Ha Npi Bdng, Hang Budm, Hang Dao, Hang Gai,
thanh "thu phii eiia xU Ddng DUdng", mpt Hang Ma, L^ Thai Td. Qua nhflng thao tac
"Paris thu nho", "niem tU hao cua mdu so sanh thong tin tfl dia ba, thdng tin dii'u
qud'c Phap". Ni'n tang cd ban cua cong cupc tra dien da cac di tich tren dia ban (xem
quy hoach Ha Npi chinh la chinh sach vi' phu luc 1) ki't hdp vdi phfldng phap ban dd
da't dai. Trong chuyen
luan nay, chung tdi chi Sd dd 1: Ban dd giap cac ddn vi tong dau the ky XIX
trong pham vi khu vUc pho co Ha Npi
tap trung nghiin cflu cac
boat dpng quy hoach va sii
dung loai hinh da't cong
cua ngUdi Phap trong
pham vi khong gian khu
vUc Phd cd Ha Npi. Du chi
nghiin cflu trong pham vi
nhd vdi mpt loai hinh da't
dai kha tiiu biiu: loai
hinh da't cdng cung da cho
thay dUde nhflng dudng
net cd ban nha't trong chii
trUdng, chinh sach ve da't
dai cua ngUdi Phap giai
doan ndy.
* ThS. Trung tam Ho^t dpng VSn hda khoa hpc VSn Mieu-Qudc Tfl Giam, Ha Npi
- Rghien cuu Ljeh sir, so 7.2014
Bang 1: Cac loai hinh dat cong trong khu viic pho ed Ha Npi dau the ky XIX (2)
Dcfn ui: m, s, t, t, p
T e n loai h i n h dat c o n g K h u p h o CO H u y e n T h o Xtfdng T;ie%
Dat cong thuoc s3 hflu 190.5.02.6.6.3 30% 209.9.01.3.1.3 12,13% 90%
nha nu6c
Dien tich mat nUdc cong 15.2.11.9.7.0 2,37% 68.2.05.2.4.3 3,95% 22%
Cong tho 286.6.11.6.3.7 46,25% 654.4.07.0.1.8 32.17% 61,6%
Cone dien 0.0.00.0.0.0 0% 576 5.08.9 0.0 33,45% 0%
Than tir Phat tu 38.2.03.0.4.0 6% 92.5.11.1.1.0 6,47% 41,4%
Loai lihac 102.0 05 5 9.0 16,38% 221.1,14 3.3 0 12,83% 46,2%
Tong cong 632.6.04.8.0.0 100% 1722.8.13.9.1.4 100% 36,7%
Tong dien tich dat dai 1161.9.10.8.3.0 3117.8.11.9.3.4 37,25%
chung ta xae dinh dUpc dia gidi hanh chinh nay va ehiem 36,7% diin tieh da't cong toan
ciia khu vUc nay trong niia dau the ky XIX huyin. Trong do:
(xem sd do 1). - Loai hinh da't tU nhiin gdm: Da't dich
Cd the tha'y khu phd' cd Ha Npi nam trpn xa, bai cat bdi, bai cat trang chua thanh
ven trong 5 ddn vi tdng dau the ky XIX da't, phu sa thang dien... chii'm tdi 90%
gdm: tdng Ddng Thp, tdng Ddng Xuan, tdng dien tich da't tu nhiin toan huyin Thp
Phuc Lam, tdng Thuan My va tdng Vinh Xudng. Loai da't nay thupc quyi'n sd hi3u
XUdng thupc huyin Thp Xudng. Trong do, nha nude nhUng thupc dia phan thon,
dien tich ciia 4 tdng: Dong Thp, Dong Xuan, phudng nao thi do ddn vi hanh chinh do
Phiic Lam, Thuan My nfim trpn ven trong quan \f.
pham vi phd' cd'. Riing tdng Vinh Xudng, • Loai thfl hai do thdn, phudng quan ly
mpt phan diin tich, chinh xae la hai thdn nhu ciia cong va do cpng ddng cU dan sii
Yin Trung Ha va Yen Trung ThUdng nam dung gdm: Cdng hd, Cdng hd pha. Cong ho
trong pham vi khu vUc phd' cd hiin nay, ngoai de, Cdng pha tri, Gii'ng... Loai nay b >
phan cdn lai thupc khu vUc phia Dong Nam khu vuc Phd' cd chii'm 22% diin tich mat
thanh Ha Npi. nudc toan huyen.
Dua vao nhflng thong tin k i khai trong - Loai thU ba la cac loai "cong thd" gdm:
dia ba dau thi' ky XIX ciia cac tdng, thdn, Cdng chau thd, Cdng chau thd trdng dSu,
phudng bao gdm toan bp dien tich ciia khu Quan tang thd. Loai nay chiem 51,6% diin
vUe phd ed Ha Npi ngay nay nhu da neu ci tich da't cdng toan huyin. Ve mat hinh thai
tren, chung toi xay dUng bang thdng ke ve sS hflu, loai nay gpi chung la "cong tho"
cae loai hinh da't cdng ciia khu vUe nay, thupc quyi'n quan ly va sii dung (phan
cung so' h i u do dac dupe (xem bang 1). phdi) ciia thon, phudng, nhflng cd mpt dien
Qua bang 1 cd the tha'y: tich nho gpi la "quan tang thd'" la da't trdng
Tong dien tich da't dai trong khu vUc phd' dau cua nha nUdc.
cd Ha Npi theo dia ba la 1161.9.10.8.3.0 - Loai thfl tu la rupng cdng gdm "cong
(1161 mau 9 sao 10 thu6c 8 ta'e 3 phan) dii'n" la rupng cdng, "cdng pha dii'n" la
chii'm 37,25% tdng diin tich da't huyen Tho rupng gd bai cao va "quan hd dii'n" co li \k
Xirdng. Loai hinh da't cong trong khu vuc rupng eanh hd hay thupc pham vi hd trU6c
phd cd Ha Npi la 632.6.04.8.0, chii'm day do td chflc quan sU quan ly. Loai hinh
54,43% tdng dien tich da't dai ciia khu vUc da't dai nay khong cd trong khu vUc phocd.
- BOI n&TChoat ddng guy hoach...
- Loai thfl nam la "than tfl Phat tU" la Sau khi lam chu dUde Ha Npi, ngudi
rupng da't ciia cac cpng ddng mang tinh Phap bat dau tii'n hanh thii't lap bp may
ch^t tdn giao, tin ngudng gdm chu yeu la hanh chinh chinh tri song song vdi viec
rupng da't cua cac den (thdn tijf thd, than tfl kii'n thii't lai hinh dang cua dd thi nay. Ta't
di^n), rupng chua gpi la rupng "tam bao" ca nhflng tai san thupc quyi'n quan ly va sfl
hay "Phat tu" (3). Chi tinh rieng sd rupng dung ciia nha nude phong kii'n cu dUdc
da't ghi ro rupng da't cua di'n chua thi khu chuyen giao sang tay ngUdi Phap. Nhu vay,
vUc nay chii'm tdi 41,4% diin tich da't den ngUdi Phap chi dupc toan quyen sfl dung
chua ciia toan huyin. Loai rupng di^t cua loai hinh da't cdng thupc sd hflu ciia nha
d^n, chua la loai sd hflu cpng ddng tin nUdc trUdc day, va nhU the thi hoan toan
ngUdng-tdn giao thudng dUde phat canh khong du de phuc vu eho cac "y tudng" cua
hay cho thue hay do tin dd canh tac, dung minh. Bdi vay, Phap da bat tay vao cong
hoa lpi vao cac hoat dpng thd ciing va l i hpi. cupc tang quy dat cong san thupc dia b Ha
- Loai thfl sau bao gdm: Da't tha ma, mp Npi, trong dd cd nhieu boat dpng true tie'p
dia, thd phu (gd dd'ng), da't trung, tich dii'n t r i n dia ban phd'cd.
(rupng sii dung trong nghi li trpng ndng Phd thdnh Hd Noi
cua trii'u dinh). Loai da't nay trong khu vUc
Nam 1805, trii'u Nguyin tii'n hanh xay
phd cd chii'm tdi 46,2% dien tich loai da't
dung thanh Ha Npi - mot tru sd quan sU,
vfla niu trong toan huyin Tho XUdng.
chinh tri ddu nao cua Ha Npi. De'n nam
Vi' cd ca'u loai hinh da't cdng ciia riing 1873, ngay sau khi chii'm thanh Ha Npi,
khu vUc phd' cd, cd thd nhan tha'y, loai da't Garnier da chii'm dung cac cong trinh con
chii'm ti l i ldn nha't la da't cdng thd lai trong thanh. Cac dinh thU cu hi triet
(45,25%), thfl hai la da't tu nhiin do nha pha de la'y chd xay dflng trai linh cung cac
nfldc quan ly (30%), thfl ba la loai hinh da't cdng trinh quan sU khac. Nam 1894, thUc
khac chii'm 16,18%, hai loai hinh da't cdn dan Phap da pha huy phdn cdn lai ciia
lai tdng cpng chii'm 8,37%. NhU vay cd thi' thanh Ha Npi, chi de lai cd'ng Chinh Bac
thay rang, loai hinh da't cdng lang xa do vdi da'u tieh vit dan cdng thanh. Thanh Ha
cpng ddng lang xa quan ly va sii dung so vdi Npi de'n day ma't ban diin mao quen thupc
loEii da't cdng thupc quan ly eiia nha nUde cd trong canh quan thanh phd. Tdi nam 1897,
su chenh lech ldn (chi gdn bang 1/10). thanh va hao thanh Ha Npi bi san la'p hoan
Tdm lai, quy da't cdng trong khu vUc phd toan. Viie pha huy nay da dem lai cho
cd nfla dau the ky XIX da dang nhii'u loai ngUdi Phap mpt quy da't cong nha't dinh
hinh va chii'm mpt niia tdng dien tieh da't phuc vu cho qua trinh quy hoaeh.
dai ciia dia ban phd co, ti li can bftng vdi "...Thanh phd se eo dUdc 6 ndi dd nhflng
diin tich da't tU. Cd the noi, day cung la khoang da't cua mpt be mat dien tieh quan
mpt trong nhflng dii'u kien thuan ldi de trpng, t r i n do thanh phd cd the vUdn rpng
ngUcfi Phap tii'n hanh cac quy hoach, sap ra theo hUdng hd Tay va vUdn Udm. Nd
xi'p lai dd thi Ha Npi trong dd eo khu vUc eiing se dem lai cho quan dpi mpt sU thoang
phd CO. khi td't hdn va nhflng toa nha mdi cd tien
2. Nhiing boat dpng quy hoach va sii nghi. NgUdi ta si tha'y ma't di nhflng d lay
dung dat cong cua ngUM Phap trong nhiem tao nin bdi nhflng dudng hao bao
khu pho CO Ha Noi bpc tudng thanh chfla day thfl nfldc tu
- 34 Hghien eiiru Lich sir, so 7.2Q14
dpng, dan chung se tim dUpc qua dd nhflng Nhu vay, sau khi thanh Ha Npi hi pha
viic lam, vi chi riing viec pha tudng thanh huy, ngoai viec hinh thanh nhflng phd' mdi
cung can din hang nghin thd thuyen..." (4). nhu Phung HUng, Ciia Dong, Bat Sfl, Bat
ThUc te la, mpt loat nhflng con phd' va cac Dan... cac xdm nha cd san cung dfldc cai tao
cong trinh mdi b khu vUc nay da dUdc hinh theo quy hoach thanh phd', trd thanh cac
thanh trong dd cd mpt so' con phd' nam trong phd' Rue Feitshamel (Nha Hda), Rue des
khu phd CO Ha Npi ngay nay nhu phd' Phung Forgerons (Ld Ren)... Cac con phd' nay trd
Hung. Tfl nam 1894-1897, do ngfldi Phap thanh nhflng khu phd' mdi, xay dung theo
pha thanh, la'p hao, phd' Phung Hiftig dUdc kieu Men dai, nghia la cd via hi, long
Wnh thanh. Tuy nhien, cho den nam 1910, dudng rpng, nhii'u cay xanh va he thing
phd'nay mdi cd 2 doan ngan. Khoang dat dpc cdng ranh thoat nUdc...
cky cau vin bo tro'ng. TU sau Chien tranh Lap ho ao, lap song
thd gidi thfl Nha't (1918), cung vdi da md Ha Npi dupc m i n h danh la thdnh phd'
mang Ha Npi, phd' Phung Hung dUpc xay sdng ho cd le bdi mpt h i thd'ng hd ao rpng
dung nhanh ehdng. De'n nam 1920, dien mao ldn phu day len be mat canh quan do thi.
phd Phung Hung hoan thanh ve cd ban. Sau khi lam chii dUde Ha Npi, ngUdi Phap
Ngoai ra, khi ciia ehinh dong tudng da khang dinh quyi'n sd hflu da't dai ciia
thanh va con hao khdng con (nam 1897), minh bang mpt loat cac nghi dinh, thdng tU
ngudi Phap cho md mpt con dudng mdi dan dfldc lien tii'p ban hanh. Trong Nghi dinh
thang ra khu phd'budn ban. Con dUdng mdi ngdy 26-5-1891 ciia Todn quyin Bong
dd dUdc dat ten la Rue General Biehot (nay Diidng, quyi'n sd hflu da't hd, ao trin dia
la phd C^a Ddng). Phd' Cfla Ddng la mpt ban Ha Npi eiia thuc dan Phap dUdc ghi r6:
dudng phd' mdi md d sat khu quan sU trong "Dieu 1: NhQng da't ao, ho d vi tri sau
thanh, lai la chd tUdng va hao cu, nen da't dupc khang dinh thupc tai san cdng cua
cdng d day dUdc dem phat mai, ban cho thanh phd'Ha Npi:
nhflng chii da't hau hi't la ngUdi Tay va mpt Gifla phd' Cau Gd, phd' Hang Manh, phd
sd Hoa kieu lam giau nhe) cac quan h i vdi Hang Bac va Hang Dao
ngUdi Tay. Gifla phd Hang Bac, Ma May, Hang
Rue des Tasses (Phd' Bat Sfl) la mpt Budm, Hang Ngang
dudng giao thdng cii di tfl khu vUc Ciia Bac Gifla phd'Hang Dau, d i va Hang Than
xuo'ng, eon dUdng di dpe theo bd hao cii. Gifla phd' nha ThUdng Khach cua Hang
Sau khi bd hao bi pha, con dudng eu nay trd Than, pho' Hang Bun
thanh lo^i di chinh di qua canh chd Ddng
Thanh va co t i n la phd' Bat Sfl. Dii'u 4: Thanh phd' Ha Npi danh thue
Mpt phan cya phd' Bat Dan (Rue Vieille nhflng ngfldi chii'm dung da't ao, hd cing,
des Tasses) ngay nay cung mdi dUdc md nhflng ngfldi nay ed nghia vu thUc hiin viic
mang vao khoang tfl nhflng nam 20 ciia thi' la'p ao trong thdi han 1 nam dUdc tinh tfl
ky XX sau khi ngfldi Phap pha huy khu vflc khi chuyen nhupng" (5).
thanh Ha Npi. Khu vflc nay gan cdng thanh Vdi nghi dinh nay, thUc dan Phap da td
nin cd nhflng ciia hang eua Nhat va Hoa chflc la'p hd, ao trong toan bp khu vUc Phocd.
kii'u md phuc vu cho khach hang la binh Trong cdng bao ciia Thanh phd' Ha Npi nam
linh Phap. 1916 cd de cap vi' cae dU an la'p hd ao nay:
- Bdi n& ve hoaf ddng guy hoaeh..
"Du an A: La'p nhflng cai ao b phia Bac ni'u ma la'p dfldc, thi toa quan ldn ca'p cho
Ha Npi da dupc bat dau tfl nam 1915. Cong van tich va dia dd cho la da't tu. Lai hfla
viic nay phai dupc hoan thanh vao nhflng mdng 5 thang nay, tha'y dng canh sat
nam tii'p sau de la'y da't phan ca'p thanh trudng de'n b cki hd a'y truyen rang la'p di,
tflng sua't, dam bao cho sfl Iflu thdng nUdc mpi ldi lam vay. Nay nha tdi dudng sau gan
ve phia nhflng con pho bao quanh ehung. hd cdng xin la'p 1 doan cai hd a'y, chflng 100
Cung di dam bao viic lUu thdng nUdc song thudc vudng tay, vay xin quan ldn xet eho
bang cac cong trinh khac bang viic thay ma eho toi van tU lam bang de tdi la'p thi
the nhflng ao hd cd trUdc kia lam thanh cam dn quan ldn lam lam" (7).
nhflng vung dim. Nhu vay, thUe dan Phap da co nhii'u
Cudi nam 1915 da la'p hi't 50000m^ da't chinh sach Uu dai de khuyin khieh nbiJng
va tieu hi't 13000 ddng bac. Viie ca'p 15000 ngUdi dan giau cd td chflc la'p ao, hd trong
ddng bac vfla dUdc cha'p thuan cho viie tii'p khu pho'CO. NgUdi dan bd tii'n cua, cdng sflc
tuc mpt vai cdng trinh: k i n h dan nfldc, cdu, ra la'p ao, hd thi nha nudc se cap chflng
den bu chiem dung da't... nhan da't ao san la'p a'y thuoc sd hflu cong
Dfl an B: Du an nay bao gdm viic la'p ao nhUng tu nhan dupc quyi'n sfl dung. Cd le
Sdm Cong va xay dung cdng. Dd'i vdi cdng do chmh sach Uu dai nay ma chi trong mpt
trinh nay, neh nhac lai, ngudn nUdc cua ta't khoang thdi gian ngdn, di'n gifla the ky XX,
ca khu phd' bao gdm gifla phd' Hdng Budm dien tich mat nUdc ao hd trong khu vUc phd'
va Hang Gao (nay la phd Chd Gao - TG), cd dUdng nhu bii'n ma't hoan toan.
phd Hang Ngang va phd' Hang Bac, di'u Rd rang, mue dich cua cae du an la'p hd ao
chay vao Sam Cdng, ao "dong kin" va chi nay nham md rpng diin tich da't dai thupc sd
can nUdc bang each bay hdi. Khdng can hflu cdng. Dat cong dfldc phan 16 ban da'u gia
phai he lp ve tud'i tac ciia nhflng cai ao nay, hoac lam quy da't quy hoach, xay dUng cac
ta't ca nhflng gi thanh phd quan tam la vi" cong trinh cdng cpng cua thanh pho'.
sfl dpc hai va sU ban thiu ma chung gay ra Viic san lap diin tieh mat nUdc hd, ao,
cho dan cU va nhflng ngoi nha. sdng d khu phd cd trong giai doan nay da
Vi vay, cai ao nay si bi lap va si bi trUng tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho cac phd mdi
dung, di' cho phip md 6 dd mpt trong nhflng dUde hinh thanh va eac khu phd cu dflpe
cai quang trfldng cdng rpng ldn ehe di cai "lot xae". Nam 1897, khi tudng thanh Ha
khuyi't dii'm ciia Ha Npi. Cdng viie la'p da't, Npi bi pha, hao bi lap, mpt khoang da't
quy hoach quang trfldng va nhflng con dfldng tro'ng xen lan cac hd, ao nho Idy lpi c6 lac cd
CO tdng so tii'n la 15000 ddng bac" (6). ten la hd Xae Tre. Mudi nam sau (1907),
Ngoai ra, thflc dan Phap eon khuyen phdn ldn hd ao d day dUdc lap bang. Sau dd,
khich ngUdi dan trong cac khu pho thue chinh quyi'n thanh pho cho Dufourq thui
hipn viec la'p ao, hd. Theo thu giii quan Ddc chd da't nay de trdng hoa va rau. Ddu nam
ly ngay 9 thang 3 nam Thanh Thai thfl 9 1920, chinh quyen ddi khu da't khac d phia
(1907) cua Nguyen Van Tran la Kinh lieh cl sau hd Halais (hd Thie'n Quang) cho
tinh HoSng Hoa, ed nha d sd 54 phd Hang Dufourq va tie'n hanh sfla sang khu vflc
Bd thupc hp thfl 2 cho biet: "Bdi vi toi dfldc phia sau chd d Rue des Cuirs (pho Hang
loi quan ldn yi't thi rang pham nhflng nha b Da) thanh khu phd nha d. Thflc dan Phap
trong thanh pho ma nha nao gan hd cdng, chia da't thanh Id ban cho tu nhan de xsiy
- Rghien emi XJch sii". sd' 7.2014
dung va hinh thanh nhflng dudng phd' mdi Hang Lupc thi quat l i n theo hUdng Tay
nhu: Rue de Nguyin Trai (phd' Nguyin Van Bac. Ngay trudc, ngUdi dan bac mpt cai eau
To' ngay nay). Rue de Pham Phu Thfl (phd' tre d chd quat dd de tien di lai. Sau dd, do
Nguyin Quang Bich ngay nay)... nudc sdng Td da can kiet, cau tre dUdc thay
Sau khi hd Thai CUc (hd Hang Dao) bi the bang mpt cai cong to. Sau khi la'p sdng,
la'p, hai ngd di vao cac xdm cU dan b chung thUc dan Phap tii'n hanh md mang, cai tao
quanh hd: mpt ngd tfl Hang Bac vao va mpt khu dat cd ven sdng trd thanh pho' xa sam
ngo tii phd Cdu Gd vao dUdc ndi vdi nhau uSit, ta'p nap va dat t i n la phd' Sdng Td Lich
va md rpng thanh dUdng phd'. NgUdi Phap (Rue du Sdng Td Lich). *
dat ten la phd' Od'endhal (phd' Dinh Liet). Phd' Hang Ca tii'n than la trai Tiin NgU,
Con lach thdng gifla hd Thai Cflc vdi hd nam t r i n bd sdng Td Lich. Ngudi dan d day
Gudm cung hi san la'p, bien thanh mpt con chuyin nghe danh ca va budn ban ca. Sau
phd' nhd t i n la phd' Hoan Kii'm. Doan pho' khi la'p sdng Td, nghe ca d day bii'n ma't,
tu nga tu Ma May - Dao Duy Tfl di'n nga tU ngU dan di tan khap ndi. Ndi day chi eon
Ta Hiin la doan phd' mdi cd sau khi hd Ngu nha ciia ciia nhflng gia dinh giau cd din
Vong dupe san hang cflng thdi gian nay. mua da't xay dUng va nha b cua cac cong
nhan, viin chflc lam viec cho Phap. Cung
Hay con phd' Lfldng Ngpc Quyi'n - Ma
nhu phd Hang Ca, phd Hang Rudi nkm bin
May cho di'n nhflng nam dau thi' ky XX, cd
bd phia tay sdng Td Lich, chii yeu dUdc
t i n gpi la Lang Chai bdi khu vflc nay vkn
thanh lap sau khi sdng Td bi la'p. Do viy,
cdn da'u vi't nhii'u hd ao da't trung day bio
da sd cdng vien chflc nha nUdc sd'ng tap
tay, dan b do sd'ng mpt phan nhd d nghe
trung d phd'nay.
danh bat torn ca. Sau khi chinh quyi'n
thanh phd' cho la'p h i t hd ao, vach dfldng Nhin chung, viic la'p sdng, hd, ao giai
phd theo qui hoach tren da't Lang Chai cfl, doan nay da lam bie'n ddi hoan toan canh
phd' mdi md cd t i n la phd' Galet. quan tu nhien trong khu vUc 36 phd'phudng.
Tom lai, vao nhflng nam sau Chii'n tranh NhGng khung canh dam tinh cha't nong thon
thi' gidi I (1920), bin trong khu tfl giae tfl CO truyen nhu vo gao nia rau giat qudn ao
phd Hang Budm, Hang Ngang - Hang Dao, bin hd ao, hay nhflng ehii'c cau gd, edu tre
Hang Be, Cau Gd mdi that su la'p hi't hd, ao. bac qua lach, qua song... hoan toan dUdc
TU nhflng da't ao hd bi la'p nay hinh thanh thay the bdi cac eong trinh xay dflng cing
nin eac dfldng phd Dinh Liet, Gia Ngfl, cpng hoac nhflng toa nha kii'u mdi. Dd nhfl
Trung Yin, Ma May, Ta Hiin... mpt da'u net dat gia phan anh nhip dp do thj
Di'n cudi thi' ky XIX, vao nam 1888, hoa d khu Phd' cd giai doan nay.
khuc sdng To Lieh chay trong khu vUc 36 Chii'm dung ddt cua dinh, din,
phd phudng bi thuc dan Phap san la'p hoan chiia, mie'u
toan. Nhflng lang xdm ven bd sdng dfldc md Ngoai ra, de lam tang t h i m quy dat cdng
rpng dien tieh, cai tao thanh nhflng phd' cua thanh phd eung nhu thuan ldi cho viic
dong due nhu phd Hang RUdi, Hang Ca. trUng dung da't dai trong cac du an quy
Hang Lupc... hoach, ngfldi Phap da dung mpi "biin phap"
Phd Hang Ludc con cd t i n gpi la Cong lam chii da't dai eiia dinh, di'n, chda, mie'u.
cheo Hang Lupe. Ddng sdng To Lich tfl chd Day la loai hinh da't thd cung nhu da niu b
Gao chay theo hUdng Ddng Tay di'n sd 14 tren, thupc quyi'n quan ly cua nha nfldc
- Bfli n6t ve hoat dong guy hoach..
nhUng quyi'n sd hflu va sfl dung cua cpng Hdi dd thdi t i n Vd Thiin Thuat lam Thi
ddng lang xa thdi phong kii'n. Ngudi Phap Trudng, t i n Bui Nhuan lam trfldng phd,
mudn nam quyen lam chu va sut dung loai trinh xung rang, chd a'y la da't ciia cdng
hinh da't dai nay da yeu cau nhdm cpng dan, Dmh a'y tfl thud vua Gia Long tdi bay
ddng cfl dan phai trinh gia^y td chflng minh gid. Nhflng ke mua ban vang bac (hiin nay
quyi'n sd hflu. Ni'u khdng cd gigiy td thi se di'u chi't ca), quyin gdp tien bac ma lam
hi Thanh phd sung cdng vao cac muc dich Dinh a'y, de lam chd thd dng Tiin sfl bdn
xay dung cdng cpng ma khdng dUdc de'n bu. nghe va de due bac nen va bac lupng la khi
Ket qua la hdu het cac cong trinh thupc sd nao cd viec cdng, thdi hpi chd a'y, tfl ma'y
hflu tu nhan hi sung cdng trong thdi k;^ nay nam nay tiiu dung gi din nhflng bae ddng,
la nhflng dinh vpng, thd cac dng thanh thdi chd a'y khong cd due bac nfla, lai ich cd
hoang lang hoac dng td nghe do nhflng hpi hiip Dinh ay chi giao cho t i n Li Van
ngUdi tfl cac tinh xa di cU din thu dd lam Che lam tfl d gifl phung thd.
5n budn ban. Phan ldn cae cdng trinh tin Nha tdi phuc xet chd ay, thud dau nhflng
ngudng nay nam trong khu vUc phd'co. ke mua ban vang bac (la nhflng hat ngu tai
Dudi day la mpt bang chflng ve hoat phd ay ma mua ban) quyin gdp tii'n bac ma
dpng "trflng dung" da't thdn tfl Phat tu cua cat lam ehd ky, vd'n lam eho de ma nhom
ngUdi Phap: nhflng ma'y ngudi thd due bac, nhdm a'y lai
dat lam chd thd ong Tiin sU bdn nghe, may
"Thu ngay 18 thang 6 nam Thanh Thai nam nay tieu xai nhflng bac ddng, l;hdi
3 tflc ngay 23 thang 7 nam 1922 nhflng thd due bac nd thay b cho khac, thdi
Hoang Cao Khai la Kinh lUdc Bae Ky, ehd a'y lai giao cho 1 ngudi lam tfl coi gifl,
kinh tra ldi quan ldn Thd'ng sfl td xet. Trudc hien nay da nhii'u hu nat, nghi Ung lUdng
day toi cd tii'p ldi quan ldn tu (ve so' thU cho tii'n bac, khii'n chung no dem bai vi
2158) ring, cd quan Ddc 1^ Thanh phd'trinh Tiin su hiep vdi mii'u phd khac ma thd, cdn
rang xin dem dinh, miiu cu d Hang Vdi, da't dy cung 3 cai nha ngdi sap vi' thanh
Hang Khay, Hang Bac, sap ve thanh pho', phd'gifl lam" (8).
tfl xin to xit eac chd a'y, sfl tieh the nao,
La thu nay tudng chflng nhfl la mpt
nhan dan thd tu the nao ma nay hien tinh
minh chflng cho tinh cdng khai, khach
li nao cd ung sap ve Thanh phd' hay khdng
quan va dan chu cua ngUdi Phap trong viie
phuc lam mpi le.
trUng dung da't dai. ThUc cha't, no la mpt
Nha toi tu hdi, cfl huyin Thp XUdng khai biin phap cfldng ep, chii'm doat da't cdng
ba'm chua rd, cd xin sai quan doc cong la cua dan lang bie'n thanh dat cdng ciia
Balula, hpi ddng vdi viin ngoai nha tdi la Thanh phd', sau dd ban lai eho tfl nhan, mpt
Nguyin Thuat va huyin ay tdi cac chd a'y hinh thflc "bie'n cdng vi tU" ma ldi nhuan
kham that cfl biin tinh hinh mpi le. Nha tdi rdi vao tui cua nhflng ngUdi cam quyen.
lai xit chd nao nghi the nao, liic ra sau nay
Co rat nhieu la ddn khieu nai trUdc
kinh tra ldi xin th^m.
hanh dpng xam thuc da't dai b nhflng chd'n
Unh thiing nhU dinh, di'n, chua, mieu.
Hp 3. Phd Hang Bae (vi' thon Dung Thp, TrUdng hdp nhan dan lang Bach Bdi Thi
cd mpt mii'u da't, dai 16 thflde tay, rpng 4 (tflc phd' Hang Dao) vie't ddn khii'u nai, to'
thudc 4 ta'c, cd 3 cai dinh da gin hu nat). cao la mpt vi du cu the:
- Rghien curu Uch sii-. sd T.2Q14
"Kinh bam cflng quan Doc ly Ha Npi vo ich, nhii'u ngUdi tha'y thi' cat la'y lam
Chiing eon la Ky muc, chflc sac, dan cdng phan cho chung con bao cho each lam
lang Bach Bd'i Thi, thupc ve phd' Hang Dao giay minh oan, nhung khd'n ndi di di'n dau
(nguyin quan la lang Chfnh Kinh, Tdng cung deu bi xua duoi vao trong vdng kii'm
KhUdng Dinh, dai ly Hoan Long) di'n kiu chi'ba't cdng cua hp. Cai ly luan eiia mpt ke
quan ldn mpt viec nhfl sau: manh hdn bao gid cung hdn, hp cUdp ngdi
(finh cua dan chung con mpt each vd ly,
Mong ngai la'y lUpng hai ha ma minh xet
nhung khdng dUde phan tran, khdng dUdc
cho chiing con. minh oan.
Nguyin trUde kia, hdi nam 1922, chinh
Bam lay quan ldn xin quan ldn xet cho
phu Phap da lay quyen hanh ba't cdng, ba't
nhflng ndi khd thd'ng ciia dan Viet Nam
chinh ma ap, bach chung con rdi bo ngdi
trong vdng dd hp ciia mpt nude manh hdn,
dinh cua chung con de chii'm doat la'y rdi
ehi true ldi, chi uy hie'p ma thdi, Sau vi thi'
dem ban da'u gia cho t i n L i Thuan Khoat
cd, ngan cd khong keu dUdc, nen dan lang
bang mpt gia cflc ky vd y nghia.
ehung con gat li, ma bo so' tie'n ra de chupc
Tren mpt thfla da't rpng 400 thUdc lai ngdi dinh de la'y chd ma thd kinh nhUng
vudng, d ngoai la ngdi nha so 49 pho' Hang ac nghiep thay, tan bao thay, hp khdng cho
Dao hiin thdi, chinh la Tu thd cua dan lang mua, hp cfl ban cho t i n L i Thuan Khoat vi
Bach Bd'i Thi cua chung con. Tren khu da't ten nay hdi dd lam Nghi Viin, quyi'n hanh
dd, do 200 nam ve trUdc, tii'n to ciia chung va than mat vdi ngudi Phap lam..." (9).
con ed dUng lin mpt ngoi dinh hang nam
van nop thui' thd trach b Dd'c ly nhfl Mdt la ddn trinh bay dudng nhu da lam
thudng, chung con khdng hiiu vi duyen cd sang to nhflng "gdc khua't" trong chinh sach
gi vao hdi nam 1922, ehinh phu Phap ddi quy hoach va sfl dung dat cdng cua ngUdi
hdi Van tu dia dd, chung con vi lau ngay, Phap.
trong vdng 200 nam gidi, cd danh tha't lac 3. Ket l u a n
di ma't nhflng gia'y ma can thii't, nhUng
Toan bd cac hoat ddng quy hoach ciia
ehung con cd bang chflng la hang nam vdn
ngUdi Phap trong khu vUe phd'co Ha Npi co
nop thue tu thd cf Dd'c ly nhfl thfldng, ehung
the dii'm qua nhU: pha thanh Ha Npi, la'p
con khdng hieu vi duyen cd gi, chinh phu
hd ao, trung dung da't thd tu... di'u nham
Phap vien le la khdng du chflng cd, rdi bat
muc dich dau tien la tang ngudn vd'n da't
bupe chiing con phai rdi bd ngdi dinh do rdi
cdng. Nhflng hoat dpng quy hoach ciia
ban eho t i n Le Thuan Khoat.
ngUdi Phap da phan anh ro net mpt ehinh
Tin Li Thuan Khoat hdi dd lai lam Nghi sach dat dai mang nang tu tudng thflc dan.
viin hieu ro sfl thflc, la ngdi dinh dd cd mpt Ngudi Phap dung mpi hoat dpng di' tang
dia diim ra't thuan ldi, cho viee budn ban, quy da't cong da cd s i n tfl trfldc trong khu
tflc la trung tam diem ciia mpt dd thi. phd'cd nghia la tang quy tai san'thupc dia,
Vi ham lpi, chang nghi gi de'n viec chii'm song ehi sfl dung ehung vao cac muc dich
mua dinh chua la can vao tpi, Qud'c te li quy hoach t r i n binh dien diem b nhflng vi
nghi, cfl bo tii'n ra mua bang mpt gia ri't re, tri quan trpng va ich ldi dd'i vdi ho. Day
khi dupe tm ban da'u gia ngdi dinh lang chinh la cd sd, ni'n tang cua ta't ca mpi hoat
chung con, chung con ra't la dau khd, tieng dpng sau nay nhfl; khai thac kinh ti', quy
keu oan da vang Iflng gidi da't, nhung cung hoach dien mao dd thi, s i p xi'p lai trat tU
- Bfli n6t ve hoat dOng guy hoach.. 39
do thi, bidn ddi ddi song van hda xa hpi ciia dd" va day la "mpt phUdng tiin tuyet vdi
dd thi Ha Npi... Die'u nay dfldng nhu la mpt nha't dam bao sfl dn dinh cho nen dd hp cua
chu trUdng chung trong cdng cupc chii'm cfl ehung ta" (10).
thupc dia cua thUc dan Phap, ba't ke thupc Cae hoat dpng nay da anh hudng tdi khu
dia kieu gi, b chau My, chau Phi hay chau Phd cd Ha Npi cudi the ky XIX ddu the ky
A. "Nam 1894, trong Thdng tU gLii Toan XX. Nhflng anh hfldng tuy khdng manh me
quydn cac thupc dia, Bp trudng thupc dia dfl dpi song nd cung the hiin dUdc mpt qua
Delcasse bay to y kii'n ve va'n de khai thac trinh van dpng chuyen minh cua khu vUc
ndng nghiip thupc dia nhu sau: "Khai thac buon ban sdm ua't cd truyen nay tU dien
nhflng vung lanh tho rpng ldn ma chung ta mao, canh quan dUdng phd' tdi ddi sd'ng kinh
da chiem dfldc, thii't lap 6 dd cac ddn dii'n ti', van hda, xa hpi ciia cU dan ndi day "gid'ng
phat trien sflc san xua't cua thupc dia va nhfl mpt cd gai cdi bd chii'c ao nau sdng de
bang chinh eon dfldng dd phat trien mdi khoac lin minh chii'c ao hoa".' Ta't ca di'u b i t
quan he ve thUdng mai vdi ehinh qudc...". dau mang hdi hudng, dang hinh cua dd thi
Nam 1903, mpt tac gia vii't: "Ni'u mue dich hiin dai kieu phUdng Tay, van hanh theo
la md rpng nhflng anh hfldng cua dan tpe di hinh thai kinh ti' tU ban ehu nghia vdi mpt
xam chii'm thupc dia thi qua thflc, sU ddi sd'ng van hda Au hda song ehi dflng lai b
nghiip ddu tiin la khai thac da't dai. hinh thflc ben ngoai va khdng trai di'u toan
ThUdng mai va cdng nghiep chi ra ddi sau bp khdng gian khu phd' cd.
Bang dieii each Ihon phirdng nira diiu the ky XIX tirtmg ung vdi khu virc phu co Ha Nui hien nay
qua dieu tra khao sdt di tich
Ten thOn/phydng n i h i d a u the k y X I X | Pho hien nav
I. T 6 n g Odng T h o
DiCn Hirnc (phirfmi;) Hiina NaanE
DQnK'nio(lh6n) HiinE Bac. Ma Mflv, Ta Hifin
DflfiE Yen (ihfln) Nauv^n Huu Huan
GiiiNEif{ih6n) Gia Ngu. Dinh L i 6 i
Ha Kh^u(phu'ctnK) M J May. Ta H i i n . Dflng Thai. Nguyen Van Sifiu. HiiiiE Bu6m
HuiTng M m h (ihfin) Dinh L i c l . Htnmg M i n h
NamHoadhOn) Hang Be
NhiSm Thuong (ih6n) Hang Diiu. CAu C f l
Ngir Vong (Lh6n) Luong NKOC Ouye'n
LTuNEhiadhon) H^nE Chinh, Luang Ngoc Ouvfin. N g u y i n Hihi HuSn
11. T u n g D o n g X u d n
Cd Litona (ihfin) Ngo Gach. Hang Giay. Nguyen Van Si6u
D6naThuiin (ihfln) Hiing Cii, Chii Ca
£Wna Xuiin (phuftng) Hiing Giilv. Cau Dflng. mfll phdn Dona Xuan
Oi^c Mfln (ihdn) Han a Dudng
HoaTruna(lh6n) D6ns. XuAn
Huvdn ThiCn (ihOn) Hang Khoai
Huona Biii (ihAn) O Ouan Chudng
NKhTa U D Uhdn) Hilna Dau
TiinTrunedhfln) Nguyen Thi6n Thuat
Thanh Hii (ihdn) HimeChiCu. Thanh Ha
P h i Ttr (thOn) Hang Lutfc. Giim Cau
VTnh Hanh (phufma) Hiing Ducma. Hiing M a , Hang Ruoi
V i n h TrO (th6n) Hang Khoai, HiinE Luoc
Yfln Phd (thdn) Hiing Ma, Hana Ruoi
- 40 Hghien curu Lieh 5i3r. s6 7.2014
m . Tong Phuc Lam
Huong Nghta (ihfln) Dao Duy T£f. Cho Gao. TrSn Nhat Dual
Nguyen Khie'f Ha (ihOn) Tran Nhat Dual
Nguyen Khie! Thuang (ihfln) Cao Thdng. Tran Nhal Duai
Phuc Lam (thon) Hang Dau, Gdm C&u. Phiic Lam
Trang U u (thfln) Hang Thiing
Trilna TTianh (Ihfln) Hang MuSu Hang Tre
TriJng Thanh Trung Siii Dong (ihon) Nauyen HiJli Huan,
IV. Tong Thuan MJ
Dai l_ai (phudng) Hang Dao
Dflng Ha(phudng) 0 Quan chudng, Hang Gai
Dflng Thanh Thi (ihfln) Bai SiJ. H^ng Biil, Hang Phen, Thuoc Bac, Hang Vai i
D6ng Lac(phudng) Hang Dao
Hffu Dflng Mfln (ihfln) Dudng Thiinh. Himg C^n
Kim C6 (thfln) Hang Gai. Dudng Thanh. Hang Manh. Hang Bong
Nhan Nfli (ihOn) Thudc Bac, Bai Dan, Hang Bo
Tan U p Tan Khai (ihfln) Hang Vai. Himg Chai, L.d Ren, Hiing Col, Himg Gii. Ci!ra D6ng
Thuan M?(thOn) Hang Oual
Thuong (ihfln) Hang Hdm
Td Tich (Ihfln) TdTich. Hang Quat, Luang Van C ^
Xuan Yen (ihfln) Hang Can. Luang Van Clan, Hang Bo
Y6n Nfli (thfln) Hang Da. Hang Dieu. Hang Thiec. Nha Hoa
Yen Nfli Dflng Thanh (Ihfln) Hang Non
Yen Thai (Ihfln) Yen Thai. Hang Miinh
V. Tong Vinh Xuong
Yen Trung Ha (thfln) Ha Trung. Ngo Tram. Nguyen Van Td
Yen Truna Thuona (ihfln) Nguyen CJuang Bich, Hang Bong
CHU THICH
* Nghien CLIU nay duoc tai trcf bSi Quy Phat tu". Loai ghi chung "thd trach vien tri, than
trien Khoa hpc vk Cong nghe Qud'c gia tCr, P b ^ t tu".
(NAFOSTED), trong De tai ma so IV 3.2-2011.11. (4). De Lanessan, EM colonisation francaise en
(1). Khai nifim khu pho co, khu pho buon ban, Indochine, dkn theo Nguyin Thiia Hy, Tu lieu vdn
khu 36 pho phuong duoc diing deu n h i m muc dich hii'n Thdng Long - Hd Noi: Tuyen tap tU liiu
chi khu vUc phia Dong t h a n h Ha Npi, giap vdi song phuang Tdy, sdd, tr. 712-713.
Hong, ngay nay la bp phan quan trong nhat cua (5). Ho so so' 28, Phong S6 dia chinh Ha Npi tai
qulln Hoan Kiem cung nhu ciia Thii d6 Ha Npi. Trung tam Luu t r d Quo'c gia (TTLTQG) 1, trich
Khu vuc pho' cd, theo Quyet dinh so 70 BXD/KT trong td 8: "Nghi dinh ngay 26-5-1891 ciia Toan
ng&y 30-03-1995 ciia Bp xay ddng duoc gidi han quyen Dong Duong".
nhu sau: Phia Bic: pho Hang Dau; Phia Tay: pho (6). Bulletin municipal de la ville de Ha Npi
Phung HUng; Phia Nam: pho' Hang Bong, Hang 1916, p. 357 (Cong bao Thanh pho Ha Npi nam
Gai, Ciu Go, Hang Thiing; Phia Dong: pho Tran 1916 ky hieu J 329 tai TTLTQG I).
Quang Khai, Tran Nhat Duat. (7). Ho sd so 358, Phong Sa Dia chinh Ha Ndi
tai TTLTQG 1.
(2). Bang tho'ng ke sii dung so lieu trong cuo'n
(8). Ho so so 29463, Phong Tda Doc IJ Ha Npi,
Dia ba cd Hd Ngi, tap 2, Nxb. Ha Npi, Ha Npi,
2010 do GS. Phan Huy Le chu bien. TTLTQG I.
(9). Ho sd sd 759. Phong Sa Dia chinh Ha Npi.
(3). Trong mot so' dja ba khong tach biet dat a TTLTQG L
(tho trach vien tri) vdi da't den (than tfl), da't
(10). Ta Thi Thiiy, Don diin cua ngUiJi Phdp d
chda (tam bao hay Phat tU) ma ghi chung vao
Bdc Ky 1884-1918, Nxb. Th^ gidi, Ha Npi, 1996,
mpt loai goi U "thd trach vien tri, than t\X, PhSt
tr.ll.
nguon tai.lieu . vn
