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CHAPTER 06 THE SUBSURFACE
ENVIRONMENT
1- GROUND WATER AND TEMPERATURE
1.1 – GROUND WATER 1.1.1 – Origin of ground water
1.1.2 – Chemistry of ground water 1.2 – TEMPERATURE
1.2.1 – Subsurface Temperature 1.2.2 – Regional thermal Variations 1.2.3 – Local thermal Variations
1.1- GROUND WATER
1.1 .1 – Origin of ground water (GW) 04 types of GW
1. Meteoric water. 2. Connate water. 3. Juvenile water. 4. Mixed water.
04 Types of GW Meteoric water
Infiltration of rainwater. Distribution @ shallow depth. Total mineralization: Low Tens to be Oxidizing
pH: Often acidic due to dissolved humic, carbonic and nitrous acids.
Connate water
Ancient sea water which was trap in the sediment during burial.
Differs from seawater both in concentration of dissolved salt and pH, and Eh .
04 Types of GW (cont.) Juvenile water
Primary of magmatic origin.
Brought to near – surface environment dissolved in magma.
Usually mixed with either connate or meteoric water.
Mixed water
Results from the commingling of meteoric, juvenile and connate waters.
Usually between the near – surface meteoric water, juvenile and the deeper, more saline connate water.
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