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- Energy Sector Liberalisation
and Privatisation in Thailand
by Piyasvasti Amranand
Inspector General, Office of the Prime Minister
APEC Energy Working Group
Implementation Facilitation Team to Thailand (IFAT)
A Followup Workshop
Karon Villa & Karon Royal Wing
1718 August 2000
National Energy Policy Office
- Management of the Energy Sector
• Since there is no Energy Ministry in Thailand,
responsibilities related to energy are scattered across 9
Ministries.
• The National Energy Policy Council (NEPC) is
responsible for determining energy policy.
• The National Energy Policy Office (NEPO) acts as the
secretariat to the NEPC. NEPO undertakes policy as well
as regulatory work.
• In the near future, an independent regulatory authority
will be established for the electricity and natural gas
sectors.
National Energy Policy Office
- Objectives of Reform
• Increase competition to achieve efficiencies and ensure
supply at reasonable prices
• Promote more efficient energy use
• Reduce the government investment burden
• Ensure best possible service, price and safety standards
• Encourage public participation
• Develop the capital market
• Optimise the value of the public’s stake in the sector
National Energy Policy Office
- Implementation of ESI Deregulation
• The process started in 1992 and effort over 1992
2000 has concentrated on introduction of
competition at the generation level
– New Investment : Small Power Producer (SPP),
Independent Power Producer (IPP) programs and
power purchase from Lao PDR
– Existing Asset : Initial Public Offering (IPO) of EGCO in
the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) and sale of
14.9% to China Light and Power
• Development of a long term structure for ESI in
1992 with updates in 1996, 1998 and 2000
National Energy Policy Office
- Implementation of ESI Deregulation
(con’t)
• The latest plan approved by NEPC on 13 July 2000
provides a detailed road map of reform over the next
5 years
• Restructuring under the current plan
– Privatisation of Ratchaburi Power Plant (2000)
– Privatisation of EGAT’s Thermal Power Plants (2003)
– Establishment of a power pool and independent regulatory
body (2002/3)
– Introduction of retail competition (2003)
– Restructuring of MEA and PEA
National Energy Policy Office
- Regulations to Purchase Power from
SPP
• Cogeneration & Renewable
– Cogen: Efficiency >45% and steam >10%
– Renewable: May use up to 25% commercial energy
• Direct sale to third party outside regulations
• Each sale into transmission system not greater
than 60 MW (90 MW on case by case)
National Energy Policy Office
- Status of the SPP Program
• As of June 2000, 95 proposals had been submitted with total
capacity for sale of 4,646 MW
• NEPC has approved the purchase of up to 3,200 MW from
SPP projects by EGAT
• As of June 2000, 52 proposals had been accepted with total
capacity for sale of 2,136 MW and 1 proposal is still waiting
for approval with capacity for sale of 3 MW
– 50 contracts signed
– 2 contracts under negotiation
– 1 proposal under consideration
National Energy Policy Office
- Status of SPP Projects (con’t)
• 41 projects are already in operation with total generation
capacity of 2,883 MW and total sale to EGAT of 1,580 MW.
• It is estimated that 2 projects (capacity : 510 MW, sale : 130
MW) would not be completed, bringing the amount of power
purchase by EGAT down to 2,006 MW.
• Of the 2,006 MW, 1,828 MW is firm energy.
• The surprisingly high success rate is due to capital
injection by a number of foreign strategic partners eg. CMS,
Sithe Energy, Ogden, National Power, Air Products,
Tractebel, Fortum and Heat Oy
National Energy Policy Office
- SPP Proposals Classified by Type of
Fuel (as of June 2000)
Number of Generating Sale to
Projects Capacity ( MW) EGAT ( MW)
Commercial Energy
Natural Gas 22 2,863 1,588
Fuel Oil 1 10 9
Coal 7 760 386
Sub Total 30 3,633 1,983
Renew able Energy
Bagasse 15 316 71
Paddy Husk, 6 126 57
Wood chips
Black Liquor 1 33 25
Sub Total 22 475 153
Total 52 4,108 2,136
National Energy Policy Office
- Power Purchase from SPP
(as of June 2000)
Firm Non Firm Total
Proposals Submitted
Number of projects 67 28 95
Generating Capacity ( MW) 7,686.8 665.4 8,352.2
Sale to EGAT ( MW) 4,459.9 186.3 4,646.2
Received notification of acceptance
Number of projects 30 22 52
Generating Capacity ( MW) 3,496.9 611.3 4,108.2
Sale to EGAT ( MW) 1,958.4 177.6 2,136
Contract Signed
Number of projects 30 20 50
Generating Capacity ( MW) 3,496.9 556.4 4,053.3
Sale to EGAT ( MW) 1,958.4 149.6 2,107.9
Supply pow er to the grid 22 19 41
National Energy Policy Office
- Power Purchase from IPP’s
• EGAT issued requests for proposals 15 December 1994, with
proposals submitted 30 June 1995
• Capacity Requirement
– 1996 2000 1,700 MW
– 2001 2002 3,500 MW
– 2003 600 MW
– Total 5,800 MW
• Type of Fuel
– Nonconventional energy, except nuclear Natural Gas
– Coal Orimulsion
• Locations
– Central Region: Saraburi, Lopburi, Ang Thong, Singburi, Ayutthaya,
Nakhon Nayok
– Western Coast: Prachuap Khiri Khan, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi, Samut
Sakhon, Samut Songkhram
– Eastern Coast: Chonburi, Rayong, Prachinburi, Sa Kaeo
National Energy Policy Office
- First Round IPP Solicitation
• Seven PPA’s signed
– IPT (THAIOIL, Unocal, Westinghouse)
– TECO (Texaco, Banpu, Edison Mission Energy)
– Union Power (Union Energy, Tomen, IVO, CEPA)
– Gulf Power (Gulf Electric, Mission Energy)
– BLCP (Banpu, Loxley, Powergen)
– BW2 (Hemaraj, Tractabel)
– Eastern Power Bangbo (GMS, Marubeni, China
Development Bank)
National Energy Policy Office
- Power Purchase from Lao PDR
• MOU of 4 June 1993: Thailand agreed to
purchase 1,500 MW of power from projects in
Lao PDR
• Second MOU of 19 June 1996: Thailand agreed
to increase purchase to 3,000 MW
• Lao PDR also agreed to support passage of
transmission system from the third country,
Thailand can purchase power from Yunnan in
the future
National Energy Policy Office
- Power Purchase from Lao PDR
Project MW I nvestors COD
Projects w ith PPA
Nam TheunHinboun 187 Lao PDR, Nordic, MDX 3/ 98
Houay Ho 126 Lao PDR, Daew oo, Loxley 9/ 99
HOA & PPA under
negotiation
Nam Ngum 3 430 Lao PDR, MDX 12/ 2006
Nam Ngum 2 553 Shlapak, Bilfinger & Berger, Voith, Noell, 12/ 2006
Siemens, Ch. Karnchang, Sri UThong
Nam Theun 2 920.4 Lao PDR, Transfield EDF, I talthai Jasmine, 12/ 2006
Phatra
No Negotiation of HOA
& PPA
Hongsa Lignite ( Stage 1) 608 ThaiLao Lignite 3/ 2008
Xe Kaman 1 407 HydroElectric Commission Enterprise 3/ 2008
Corporation
Xe Pien Xe Nam Noi 365 Lao PDR, Dong Ah, ThaiLao Hydropow er, 3/ 2008
I ntertrade
Total 3,596
National Energy Policy Office
- Power Purchase from China
• MOU signed 12 November 1998 for purchase of 3000 MW
from China by 2017.
• ADB estimates that Yunnan Province, P.R. China, has
hydropower generating capability of 90,000 MW.
• Lancang (Mekong) River has total potential of 22,260 MW.
Manwan (1,500 MW) is already in operation. 2nd dam under
construction.
• Possible project for power sale Jing Hong Project
– Capacity: 1,500 MW, with 1,500 MW for sale to Thailand
– Investor: GMS/Yunnan Electric
National Energy Policy Office
- Power Supply by Source (PDP 9902)
Unit:MW
1997 % 2001 % 2007 %
EGAT HYDRO 2,874 16.9 3,386 13.6 3,886 12.3
EGAT THERMAL 11,825 69.7 12,287 49.3 11,786 37.4
EGCO 2,056 12.1 2,056 8.2 2,056 6.5
RGCO 0 0.0 3,380 13.6 3,645 11.6
I PP 0 0.0 1,400 5.6 5,944 18.9
SPP 224 1.3 1,768 7.1 1,958 6.2
LAO PDR + 195 0.0 640 2.6 2,240 7.1
Malaysia
TOTAL 16,979 100.0 24,917 100.0 31,515 100.0
National Energy Policy Office
- Reform of Electricity Supply Industry
• The Privatization Master Plan approved
by Cabinet on 1 September 1998 provides
high level road map.
• In order to draw up a detailed framework
and action plan, a revised reform plan
was prepared.
• The new Reform Plan was approved by
the Cabinet on 25 July 2000.
National Energy Policy Office
- Reform Plan :
Short Term ESI Structure (until 2001)
SPPs EGAT IPPs
Generation
G
• Power Purchase
• System Operation
OV
Power Purchaser, EGAT • Transmission E
System Operation, • Bulk Power Supply
R
and Transmission N
M
E
Direct N
Distribution/ PEA MEA Customers T
Retail Supply
END END
Users Users
National Energy Policy Office
- Reform Plan :
Medium Term ESI Structure (2002)
SPPs Powergens IPPs
Generation
Power Purchase
R
EGAT System Operation E
Power Purchaser, Transmission G
System Operation, Hydro Generation U
and Transmission L
A
Direct T
PEA MEA Customers O
Distribution/ R
Retail Supply
END END
Users Users
National Energy Policy Office
- Reform Plan :
Long Term ESI Structure (2003/2004)
Competitive GENCOs
Generation Hydro Plants
Companies s
(GENCOs)
Wholesale Power Pool R
Independent System Operator
E
G
Regulated
Transmission Grid Company U
Company
L
Distribution/
REDCO A
(DISCOs) Distribution
T
Supply
O
Retail Supply R
RetailCo Direct
Customers
Customers
National Energy Policy Office
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