Curriculum English for Nutrition and Food Siences: Part 1

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn FOOD AND NUTRITION 1 1 FOOD AND NUTRITION READING COMPREHENSION All living organisms require food for survival, growth, and reproduction. Most broadly, the term food can be taken to include any kind of nutrient needed by animals, plants, and simpler forms of life, on down to bacteria. This would include, for example, the inorganic substances that 5 plants draw from air and water. The processes that circulate these basic nutrients in the environment are called nutrient cycles, and the processes by which organisms make use of nutrients are collectively known as metabolism. In terms of the energy needs of humans and other animals, food consists 10 of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, along with vitamins and minerals. Humans may consume a wide range of different food substances, as long as they meet nutrition requirements. Otherwise nutritional-deficiency diseases will develop. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn 2 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Questions: Nutrition is the science that interprets the relationship of food to the functioning of the living organism. It is concerned with the intake of food, digestive processes, the liberation of energy, and the elimination of wastes, as well as with all the syntheses that are essential for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. These fundamental activities are characteristic of all living organisms – from the simplest to the most complex plants and animals. Nutrients are substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized, that are necessary for maintenance of the normal function of organisms. These include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals, water, and some unknown substances. The nutritionist, a scientist working in the field of nutrition, differs from the dietitian, who translates the science of nutrition into the skill of furnishing optimal nourishment to people. Dietetics is a profession concerned with the science and art of human nutrition care, an essential component of the health sciences. The treatment of disease by modification of the diet lies within the province of the physician and the dietitian. The foods consumed by humans must contain, in adequate amounts, about 45 to 50 highly important substances. Water and oxygen are equally essential. Starting only with these essential nutrients obtained from food, the body makes literally thousands of substances necessary for life and physical fitness. Most of these substances are far more complicated in structure than the original nutrients. Energy metabolism and requirements are customarily expressed in terms of the calorie, a heat unit. Adoption of the calorie by nutritionists followed quite naturally from the original methods of measuring energy metabolism. The magnitude of human energy metabolism, however, made it awkward to record the calorie measured, so the convention of the large calorie, or kilocalorie (kcal), was accepted. Atwater factors, also called physiologic fuel factors, are based on the corrections for losses of unabsorbed nutrients in the feces and for the calorie equivalent of the nitrogenous products in the urine. These factors are as follows: 1g of pure protein will yield 4 calories, 1g of pure fat will yield 9 calories, and 1 g of pure carbohydrate will yield 4 calories. Answer the questions about the reading. 1) What is food? 2) What are nutrient cycles? 3) What is metabolism? 4) How different are the nutritionist and the dietitian? 5) What are physiologic fuel factors? True-False: Write T if the sentence is true and F if it is false. _____ The term food does not include the inorganic substances that plants draw from air and water. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn FOOD AND NUTRITION _____ _____ _____ _____ 3 The intake of food, digestive processes, the liberation of energy, and the elimination of wastes are the fundamental activities of all living organisms. Unless food substances humans consume meet nutrition requirements, nutritional-deficiency diseases will develop. Water and oxygen are equally essential. The treatment of disease by modification of the diet lies within the province of the physician and the nutritionist. VOCABULARY Fill in these statements with the words in the box. diet consume dietetics province nutrients nutrition metabolism synthesis organisms nourishment 1) Improvements in ……………… have been mostly to do with persuading people to eat less fatty food and more raw vegetables. 2) Exercise is supposed to speed up your ………………. 3) A young baby obtains all the ……………… it needs from its mother`s milk. 4) If you have a balanced ………………, you are getting all the vitamins you need. 5) ……………… is the scientific study of diet and its effects on health. 6) Humans may ……………… a wide range of different food substances. 7) The treatment of disease by modification of the diet lies within the ……………… of the physician and the dietitian. 8) Plants draw minerals and other ……………… from the soil. 9) All living ……………… require food for survival, growth, and reproduction. 10) Plants need sunlight for the ……………… of their food from carbon dioxide and water. WORD STUDY A. UN-, IM-, IN-, DIS-, AND NON- The prefixes un-, im-, in-, dis-, and non- can be added to the beginning of some words. These prefixes mean “not.” Look at this example: un- + healthy = unhealthy Smoking is not good for you. It’s unhealthy. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn 4 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES Here are other words with these negative prefixes. un- unimportant, unpopular im- impossible in- incomplete, inexpensive dis- discontinue non- nonfat Exercise: Choose the best word to complete each sentence. 1) A person who is unfriendly is probably ………, too. A. unpopular B. unusual C. uncomfortable D. unimportant 2) The service at this restaurant is very slow. It’s ……… to have a quick lunch here! A. impossible B. important C. immoral D. immediate 3) The airline will ……… service to that city. It is not a popular place to go. A. discontinue B. disagree C. disable D. discover 4) ……… yogurt is better for you than ice cream. A. Nonstop B. Nonfat C. Nonstandard D. Nonstick 5) Jaime’s homework is ……… because he felt sick last night. A. inexpensive B. incomplete C. inflexible D. inevitable B. ±MENT AND ±ER Some nouns and verbs have the same form. We can add a special ending, or suffix, to other verbs to make noun forms. Here are some examples: same form -ment -er verb noun verb order order govern drink drink agree cost cost noun verb noun government drive driver agreement own owner run runner work worker Exercise: Complete the sentences with verbs and nouns from the chart. (If you need to, make the nouns plural. Also, make sure that each verb agrees with its subject.) 1) Susan is the fastest ……………… . She can ……………… the race in less than three minutes. 2) The bus ……………… will not ……………… an unsafe bus. 3) I think the two companies will ……………… to work together. They will both sign the ………………. 4) – Did Saul ……………… a salad and some tea? – Yes. Now he’s waiting for his ……………… . 5) Joseph bought a lot of food and ……………… for the get-together. He hopes that everyone will eat and ……………… a lot. 6) Even though they……………… hard, most of the ……………… Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn ... - tailieumienphi.vn