This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco CCNP Switching Exam #640-504. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither lia- bility nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information con- tained in this book or from the use of the