CCNA 1 and 2 Companion Guide, Revised (Cisco Networking Academy Program) part 110

1102.book Page 1059 Tuesday, May 20, 2003 2:53 PM frequency 1059 FCS errors, 284 FCS field (Ethernet frames), 261 features of IGRP, 747 of RIP, 729–730 FEXT (far-end crosstalk), 197–198 FHSS (frequency-hopping spread spectrum), 159–161 fiber-optic networks 100BASE-FX, 332–334 cabling, 133 absorption, 150 as backbone medium, 894 bending, 151 cladding, 142 core, 143 dispersion, 150 duplex fiber, 141 GBIC connectors, 211 interducting, 152 multimode, 144 noise, 149 scattering, 150 safe handling, 912 signaling, 192–194 single-mode, 143–145 splicing, 153 components of, 147 connectors, 148 patch panels, 149 receivers, 147 repeaters, 148 transmitters, 147 fields of Ethernet frames, 264–265 of ICMP messages destination unreachable messags, 771–772 echo requests, 770 of TCP segment header, 819–820 file sharing on data networks, 45 sneakernet, 44 file systems, verifying, 667–668 files, Cisco IOS Software naming conventions, 654–655 filtering, 356 final configuration procedures for Cisco routers, 603 finish phase of cable installation, 942–944 TDRs, 945–946 fire extinguishers, 912 firestops, 935–936 firewalls, 89, 867 with ACLs, 868 fish tape, 919 flash memory, booting from, 647 flow, 67 flow control, 479, 821, 823 messages, 780 windowing, 484–824 FLP bursts, 287 format of MAC addresses, 258–259 forwarding delay, 515 fragment-free switching, 362 Frame Relay, 517 frames, 73, 259–261 alignment errors, 284–285 collisions late, 281 local, 280–281 remote, 281 data flow, 300–302 Ethernet, fields, 264–265 Ethernet II, 263–264 FCS errors, 284 ghosts, 285 IEEE 802.3, 262 interframe spacing, 275 long, 283 retransmissions, calculating, 276 runts, 284 short, 283 structure, 262 frequency, 184 1102.book Page 1060 Tuesday, May 20, 2003 2:53 PM 1060 frequency-domain analysis frequency-domain analysis, 188 FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 495–496 FTP (foil twisted pair), 193 full duplex transmission, 289, 360 timing, 272–273 full-mesh topologies, 98 functionality of routers in WANs, 536–538 future of Ethernet, 354–355 G G.703, 517 gateway of last resort, 722–723 gateways, 86, 538 GB (gigabyte), 20 GBIC connectors, 210 Gbps (gigabits per second), 21, 61 ghosts, 285 GHz (gigahertz), 21 Gigabit Ethernet, 337–339 1000BASE-LX, 342–344 1000BASE-SX, 342–345 1000BASE-T, 339–342 architecture, 345–347 global configuration mode (CLI), 592–593 global parameter configuration, Cisco IOS Software, 556–559 goals of IEEE, 255 graded index glass, 144 H half duplex transmission, 271, 289 timing, 273 handshaking, 481 hard disk drives, 7 hardware components of LANs bridges, 218–219 hubs, 217 repeaters, 216 switches, 221–222 HC (horizontal cross-connect), 892 HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control), 517 help functions on Cisco IOS routers, 569–571 hexadecimal number system, 23–24 converting to binary, 28–30 hierarchical addresses, 392–394 hierarchical topologies, 98 high-speed Internet connectivity, 15 high-speed wireless, 162 highway analogy of bandwidth, 59 history of computer networking, 47–48 hold-down timers, 719 routing loop prevention, 733 holddowns (IGRP), 747 home networking applications, 52 hop count, 442, 534 horizontal cable, installing, 924–928, 935 host addresses, 386 reserved, 398–399 subnetting, 402–404 host names applying to routers, 595–596 resolving to IP address, 606–607 host wildcard, 851 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 17, 493 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 496–497 hubs, 79–81, 217 hybrid routing protocols, 701 hyperlinks, 17 HyperTerminal capturing configuration file text, 658 editing configuration file text, 659–660 Hyperterminal session establishment on Cisco IOS routers, 562–563 Hz (hertz), 21, 66 I IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), 400 IC (intermediate cross-connect), 892 1102.book Page 1061 Tuesday, May 20, 2003 2:53 PM Internet 1061 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), 762 address masks requests, 777–778 destination unreachable messages fields, 771–772 echo requests, 765–769 fields, 770 error reporting, 763, 773 extended ACL configuration, 861 information requests, 776 message delivery, 762–763 redirect/change messages, 773–775 router-solicitation messages, 778–780 source quench messages, 780–781 time exceeded messages, 769 timestamp messages, 775–776 unreachable network messages, 764–765 identifying IP address classes, 394–397 IE (Internet Explorer), 17 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers), 130, 252 goals of, 255 IEEE 802.11b standard, 162 IEEE 802.3 standard. See also Ethernet Ethernet naming conventions, 254 frames, 262 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), development of IPv6, 376 IFS (Cisco IOS File System), 651, 653 IGPs (Interior Gateway Protocols), 443–444, 703 IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), 446, 744 configuring, 748 features of, 747 metrics, 745 route advertisement, 747 timers, 747 troubleshooting, 751–753 verifying configuration, 749–751 images, 651 Cisco IOS Software, 575–577 loading, 561 corrupt, troubleshooting, 580 IFS, 653 restoring to router with TFTP, 665–666 impedence discontinuity, 196 impedence, 121 implementing Ethernet in campus networks, 206–208 UTP, 212 incident rays, 135 indirectly connected networks, collision domains, 291 information requests, 776 infrared light, 135 insertion loss, 196 installation support tools, 919 installing cable certification process, 947–951 cutover, 951 finish phase, 942–946 firestops, 935–936 horizontal cable, 924–928, 935 rough-in phase, 923 safety, 907–910 support tools, 919 terminating copper media, 936–938 trimout phase, 939–942 vertical cable, 932 Cisco IOS images, 576–577 Cisco uBR905 cable access router to cable system, 239–240 Ethernet, connector requirements, 208 modems, 13–14 insulators, 117 intelligent hubs, 218 interducting, 152 interface counters, clearing, 801 interframe spacing, 275 interior routers, 539 Internet architecture, 383–385 OSI model, 384 scalability, 385 1102.book Page 1062 Tuesday, May 20, 2003 2:53 PM 1062 Internet high-speed connectivity, 6, 15 TCP/IP configuration, 15 web browsers, 17–18 Internet layer (TCP/IPmodel), 380–381, 833–834 ARP, 834 internetworking, 384, 538 InterNIC, 400 intialization process, Cisco IOS routers, 554 intranet VPNs, 57 intranets, 55 IP (Internet Protocol), 448. See also IP addresses error control, 761–762 packets, 453–454 ip access-group command, 855 IP addresses, 32–33, 386 ARP, 408 default gateways, 411 operation within subnets, 410 assignment of, 407 BOOTP assignment, 414–415 DHCP assignment, 415–417 RARP assignment, 412–414 static assignment, 408 comparing IPv4 and IPv6, 405 converting decimal to binary, 389–391 dotted decimal notation, 388 host addresses, 386 host name resolution, 606–607 IPv4, 392, 394 address classes, 394–397 private, 400–402 public, 400–402 reserved IP addresses, 398–399 RFC 1918, 401 resolution issues, 417–419 subnetting, 402–404, 455–457 ANDing, 463–465 calculating hosts per subnet, 463 creating subnets, 460, 463 subnet mask address, 458–460 versus port numbers, 833 ip classless command, 731–732 ip route command, 682 IPv4, 392–394, 406 address classes, 394–397 versus IPv6, 404–406 IPv6, requirements, 376 IR (index of refraction), 136 ISDN BRI (Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Rate Interface), 236–237 IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System), 447 ISO (International Organization for Standardization), 901 OSI reference model, 69 ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standard Sector), 515 J–K jabber, 282 jitter, 196 Kb (kilobit), 20 KB (kilobyte), 20 kbps (kilobits per second), 20, 61 kBps (kilobytes per second), 20 Kellem grips, 922 L labor issues contractor licensing, 956 OSHA, 904 unions, 956 LANs, 45, 49–50, 69 bandwidth, 58 characteristics of, 58 data tranfer calculations, 64–66 digital verus analog, 66 highway analogy, 59 limitations of, 61–63 measurements of, 61 pipe analogy, 59 throughpust, 64 1102.book Page 1063 Tuesday, May 20, 2003 2:53 PM Layer 2 1063 bridges, 82 cabling, 205–206 comparing with WANs, 511 connection devices bridges, 218–219 hubs, 217 repeater, 216 switches, 221–222 connectivity, NICs, 225–226 data centers, 54–55 Ethernet 10-Gbps, 347–353 10-Mbps, 317, 320 10BASE2, 321–322 10BASE5, 320–321 10BASE-T, 322–323, 325–326, 328 100-Mbps, 328–329 100BASE-FX, 332–334 100BASE-T, 329–332 1000-Mbps, 337–339 1000BASE-LX, 342–344 1000BASE-SX, 342–345 1000BASE-T, 339–342 alignment errors, 284–285 architecture, 334, 336–337 autonegotiation, 285–287 broadcast domains, 300 collision domains, 290–299 collisions, 279–281 connector requirements, 208 data flow, 300, 302 error handling, 277–279 FCS errors, 284 frames, 259–265 framing, 262 full-duplex, 360 future of, 354–355 ghosts, 285 Gigabit Ethernet, 345–347 interframe spacing, 275 jabber, 282 Layer 2 bridging, 356 Layer 2 switching, 357–358 link establishment, 288–290 long frames, 283 MAC, 258–259, 266–268, 271 microsegmentation, 359 propagation delay, 360 roles of OSI layers, 256–257 runts, 284 segments, 302–303 short frames, 283 timing, 272–274 extranets, 55 hubs, 79, 81 intranets, 55 NICs, 81 routers, 84 SANs, 53 switches, 83–84 versus MANs, 52 LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced), 518 LAPB (X.25/Link Access Procedure Balanced), 518 LAPD (Link Access Procedure on the D channel), 518 LAPF (Link Access Procedure Frame), 518 laptops versus desktops, 11 last route update, determining, 726–727, 729 late collisions, 281 Law of Reflection, 137–138 Layer 1 troubleshooting, 790–791 Layer 2 bridging, 356 broadcasts, 297–299 frames, 259, 261 Ethernet II, 263–264 IEEE 802.3, 262 structure, 262 switching, 83–84, 357–358 versus routing, 432–434 troubleshooting, 790–792 ... - tailieumienphi.vn