Carbon T Takamura, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China & 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Families Morphology of Carbon Carbon is solid under ambient temperature and pressure and there are four allotropes: diamond, graphite, nanotubes and fullerenes, and carbynes, and in addition, there are many morphologies including amorphous carbons, glass-like carbons, porous carbons, and so on. The presence of such a wide variety of carbon morpholo