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- International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 3, March 2020, pp. 107–113, Article ID: IJM_11_03_012
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3
Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
A STUDY ON AN AUTOMOBILE REVOLUTION
AND FUTURE OF ELECTRIC CARS IN INDIA
Dr. Anoop Pandey
Associate Professor, Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research (BVIMR),
New Delhi, India
Dr. Sanjay Manocha
Assistant Professor, Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research (BVIMR),
New Delhi, India
Dr. Pankaj Saini
Assistant Professor, Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research (BVIMR),
New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
The introduction of electric vehicles marks the beginning of the end for
conventional motor vehicles. The main reasons for switching to electric vehicles are
the need to reduce polluting emissions from engines and dependence on expensive
fuels. By the end of 2016, the global inventory of electric vehicles had exceeded two
million. The increasing acceptance of electric vehicles is the result of several factors:
technological progress, increase in storage capacity of traction batteries in
connection with lower costs, increase in public and government charging equipment.
Incentives. The two EV technologies that are currently at the forefront are battery
electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). This document
gives an overview of the different EV technologies, their characteristics, their limits
and their challenges in their mass use as a replacement for conventional vehicles.
In this new era, electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention as an
ecological means of transport by sellers, buyers and researchers, which has led to a
series of intensive and in-depth studies. There are many thoughts on battery
consumption, infrastructure and charging points for electric vehicles. This document
takes into account the obstacles and the gains that the world will experience after the
complete arrival of electric vehicles. The paper successfully introduced aspects of
electric vehicles, including studies of government policies, charging methods, key
techniques, charging effects and solutions to related problems in a concise manner. In
view of the discussions on the current scenario of electric vehicles, a brief report on
the important facts concerning the entry of electric vehicles has been created.
Keywords: Plug in Electric Vehicle (PEV), Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV),
Transformation, Pollution, Technology, FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing
of Electric Vehicles) etc
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 107 editor@iaeme.com
- A Study on an Automobile Revolution and Future of Electric cars in India
Cite this Article: Dr. Anoop Pandey, Dr. Sanjay Manocha and Dr. Pankaj Saini,
A Study on an Automobile Revolution and Future of Electric cars in India,
International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (3), 2020, pp. 107–113.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
An emerging middle class in a country like India is causing a strong demand for passenger
cars and, therefore, also for oil. It is estimated that in 2050, there will be up to 1.5 billion cars
in circulation, compared to 750 million in 2010. This type of demand creates a challenge and
an opportunity to think of new automotive technologies that do not consume oil and precious
resources. It can also help us achieve significant economic development. Oil, which is a
limited resource, must be replaced by another source of fuel for transport, namely
"electricity", which would be a smart investment when electric vehicles arrive. New job
opportunities will open up and dependence on foreign oil will decrease. When consumers buy
cars, they take into account various attributes, such as performance, aesthetics and reliability.
Therefore, cost alone cannot determine consumer choice. Policymakers and consumers are
paying attention to electric vehicles due to a number of factors, including the introduction of
attractive electric vehicle models and guidelines from national and local governments to
promote electric vehicles. However, there is still a need to remove technical, infrastructural,
trade and political barriers. The current scenario for the electric vehicle market is very limited
in India. Despite the different types of E2W (scooters and bikes), E4W (electric cars) and
electric buses, the total proportion of electric vehicles is very low.
Although some Indian companies launched two-wheeled tricycles and electric vehicles in
the 1990s, they failed and could not last long. India is rapidly heading towards a terrible
future, the Indian government is now competing for fully electric cars by 2030. India's energy
import bill is expected to double from around 150 billion dollars to $ 300 billion by 2030. To
reduce energy imports from India, we therefore need to move to Evs. The increase in sales of
electric vehicles will lead to an increase in demand for electricity, in particular renewable
energy, which will lead to an adequate solution to the intermittent problems linked to
renewable energies.
It should be noted that electric vehicles have already reached urban traffic, in particular
two- and three-wheeled vehicles, and this is one of the main assets of the electric vehicle
market. Wheeler in this area is important. Cost competitiveness and convenience for drivers
play an important role in the penetration of electric vehicles. Tricycle manufacturers have
already found ways to manage locally produced batteries. Cities facing the greatest challenge
of providing cleaner air and access to transportation may consider the introduction of Evs.
It is obvious that a significant part of the electric vehicle environment needs to be created
at national level, but cities can also play an essential role in the transition to electric vehicles.
Although the electric vehicle market is still in the early stages of development, it is ready to
rethink industries and communities around the world. Let's analyze the potential gains and
other consequences of electric vehicles so that economic developers can examine the
development of this market and its importance.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
“Electric Vehicles Scenarios and a Roadmap for India’’ by Shukla P.R, Pathak Minal
This study aims to raise awareness of the environmental impact of human activities and to
propose measures to reduce harmful emissions to the environment (including CO2) from road
transport vehicles and national production capacities for the manufacture of electric vehicles
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- Dr. Anoop Pandey, Dr. Sanjay Manocha and Dr. Pankaj Saini
on a national level. To improve in several Indian cities (mainly in big cities), electric vehicles
have already started to penetrate and penetrate the automobile market. Given the established
automotive industry in India, it can be said that the expected growth in this form of
transportation industry is likely to increase and the recently developed interest in electric
vehicles India has an excellent opportunity to create and develop the domestic electric vehicle
industry and It can be a world leader in electric vehicle manufacturing and be in the market.
This report is an attempt to analyze the current electric vehicle landscape in the country, the
latest developments and updates from developments in the global electric vehicle markets, as
well as emerging technologies and research on electric vehicles. This report also analyses
future scenarios for passenger transport possibilities in India, focusing on the roles of electric
vehicles.
“Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Market?” By Henry Lee, Grant Lavallette
This report is a fundamental analysis of the main determinants that could significantly affect
the American automotive industry. UU. And how electric vehicles could slowly overtake the
number of fossil fuel vehicles. This document explains how things have been going on for a
long time and how the US government works. UU. It has issued guidelines and taxes to
reduce imports of foreign oil, minimize its consumption, and also promote environmental
well-being. For example, it is mentioned that the Obama administration has pursued the goal
of having at least one million electric vehicles on the streets of the United States by 2015.
However, others have proposed a medium-term goal which would consist of electric motor
vehicles. By 2030, at least 20% of the total vehicle fleet will constitute around 30 million
vehicles with electric motors. This document seeks to answer questions about the costs
involved in developing the said market, the willingness of people to buy this technology, the
availability of adequate infrastructure, essential for the smooth operation throughout the
country, and the possibility of reaching the destination of an electric vehicle within a specified
time.
The findings from the research paper “Creating the clean energy economy: Analysis of
the electric vehicle industry” By Jennifer Todd, Jess Chen and Frankle Clogstan, they
suggest that electric vehicles have the potential to reduce or at least moderate the growth in
utility costs, which increases overall demand for electricity. This may not seem intuitive.
Electric vehicles will reduce utility costs due to the continuous variation in electricity
consumption. Electric vehicles are billed overnight and electricity production is cheaper
today. Electric vehicles balance electricity needs between day and night, then reduce average
electricity costs. As a result, general tariffs fall. Since conventional cars use gas as fuel and
electric vehicles run on electricity, future prices of gas and electricity can have a significant
impact on the profitability of electric vehicles. Studies agree that gas prices will certainly
increase in the long term. As the world's population increases, especially in developing
countries, the demand for cars will increase, which will lead to a larger increase in demand for
gas. Although electricity prices are subject to different market factors, they can also increase.
In fact, the price of fuel is an important advantage of electric vehicles, and therefore higher
electricity costs can increase the life cycle costs of electric vehicles and make them less
competitive.
We also review the research work of Vinod Kumar and Shriram Kaushik "Towards a
future only for electric vehicles" and we discover that India has a thriving automotive
industry that serves local and global markets, especially small cars. More than 19 million
people, representing 5% of the Indian workforce, are employed in this sector, which mainly
focuses on internal combustion engines. Affordability will be beneficial in India, particularly
in the small car segment. The lower registration tax, vehicle tax and even lower GST rates in
the early years would greatly contribute to the introduction. India's well-established position
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- A Study on an Automobile Revolution and Future of Electric cars in India
in two-wheelers, compact cars, light commercial vehicles and buses is a natural advantage, as
these are the segments most likely to cater for a large proportion of electric vehicles. Thanks
to significant efforts from all concerned, India can aspire to become a major global center for
electric vehicles.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this study, an extensive method is used to take into account all relevant questions related to
electric vehicles. This method examines the suitability and mobility of electric vehicles in
people's daily lives. Users were questioned and a valid conclusion was drawn on the reception
of electric vehicles and their impact on the general daily market. The required information
was also collected from previously published research. This has helped us to reflect on the
gaps that have not yet been filled. This article follows a sequential survey that talks about the
past, present and future aspects of electric vehicles around the world, especially in India.
4. CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION/DATA ANALYSIS
We must remedy these significant drawbacks by taking into account the widespread use of
electric vehicles.
4.1. Build a Wider Network of Freight Infrastructures
When we talk about charging infrastructure, especially public charging stations, big
investments are needed. Private investors are less willing to make such investments until the
demand for these vehicles increases considerably. On the other hand, consumers are also
reluctant to buy Plug in Electric Vehicle (PEV) unless they know they can find an appropriate
charging station.
4.2. Reduce the Cost of the Plug in Electric Vehicle (PEV)
The PEV is undoubtedly in competition with conventional vehicles. The economy of PEV is
already much higher than that of comparable combustion vehicles. Currently, PEVs have an
elegant price tag that can prevent potential PEV owners from switching from conventional
vehicles. However, it is estimated that the total cost of ownership will decrease over time.
Economies of scale and R&D will be the main drivers of the costs of the PEV.
Figure1: Price analysis with respect to charging time and driving range for Indian and
Global models
Figure 1
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- Dr. Anoop Pandey, Dr. Sanjay Manocha and Dr. Pankaj Saini
4.3. Strategy
We must consider demand and supply strategies individually to reduce costs. Reducing the
cost of purchasing a PEV can be achieved through a demand-driven strategy. The growth of
the PEV market could be hampered by demand. By reducing the purchase price, we can
effectively increase demand. Supply strategies can be used to improve the product or reduce
the manufacturing cost of PEV. Advances in battery technology can be useful if consumers
are disconnected due to the limitation of the PEV range. When the production cost is lowered
by innovation, then the created savings can be passed on to the consumer. In this way, supply-
side strategies indirectly play the role of demand side strategies.
5. IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION IN INDIA
1. 1. Due to the growing pollution problem, the Indian government has promoted several
alternative mobility solutions in which electric vehicles are most important. Indeed, they use
electricity as fuel and not as fossil fuel free and therefore have the key to the growing problem
of air pollution in India.
2. 2. Owning and maintaining electric vehicles is easier and less expensive in the long term. A
battery electric vehicle (BEV) contains fewer components than a conventional petrol / diesel
car, which makes the maintenance and upkeep of electric vehicles much cheaper than in petrol
and diesel powered vehicles.
3. 3. Since electric vehicles do not have an internal combustion engine and contain fewer
components, they produce no noise like conventional vehicles. As a result, it helps reduce
noise pollution, especially in overcrowded urban areas. An additional advantage of electric
vehicles is that they offer a much quieter ride with greater acceleration compared to fossil fuel
cars.
Every Technology comes with its Pros and Cons. Therefore, let’s have a look at the other
side of the coin
1. Depending on the capacity of the battery and the motors, charging the Evs can take between
30 minutes (with a quick charge) and 24 hours. If the vehicle is to be fully charged, it will take
approximately six hours.
2. Currently, the battery used in electric vehicles has a lifespan of only 2 to 10 years, depending
on the make and model. The shorter battery life is an obstacle that further affects the
performance of electric cars. Another important problem is an insufficient supply of raw
materials, which increases the cost of batteries.
5.1. Initiatives of Government
India is taking initiatives to build a sustainable ecosystem of electric vehicles in its existing
automotive industry. The Government Department of Heavy Industry, the Office of Indian
Standards and the Automotive Research Association of India, have come together and are
working to establish various technical standards for the design and manufacture of electric
vehicles and power supplies (EVSE) or charging stations and adequate infrastructure. Also in
India, initiatives such as the National Mission Plan for Electric Mobility (NEMMP) are
funded by the relevant ministries, which (FAME India) is also helping to accelerate the
introduction and manufacture of hybrid and electric vehicles in the India to work towards
more environmentally friendly driving. These are concerted efforts to create a successful
market for electric vehicles. The acquisition of more than 500 electric buses by several state
transport companies demonstrates India's commitment to achieving the goal of a clean fuel
transport system.
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- A Study on an Automobile Revolution and Future of Electric cars in India
The Indian electric vehicle market is expected to grow with a constant CAGR of more
than 37% in fiscal year 2018-2023. This type of strong market growth is expected based on an
increasing number of government initiatives, such as incentive programs, to promote the
introduction of green vehicles, and this could easily be done with electric vehicles. The
growing consumer propensity for the introduction of electric vehicles and the growing
concern of citizens regarding the harmful effects of air pollution on existing vehicles running
on fossil fuels, as well as the huge investments of several known car manufacturers in the
development of more affordable and high quality electric vehicles in the vehicle segments in
the coming years.
6. FINDINGS
The main disadvantages of the introduction and production of electric vehicles have been
assessed. Current situation and suggestions for improvising infrastructures for electric
vehicles. The price comparison is examined in terms of autonomy and charging time at
different prices. If you observe each market of a different nature and, therefore, it requires a
different strategy. It highlights the initiatives that the government has taken specifically to
promote and launch electric vehicles.
7. CONCLUSION
This document provides an overview of the electric vehicle industry and the potential, it will
have in the future. Over the years, it has been observed that sales of electric vehicles have
increased over the years with the latest data. Electric vehicle sales in India increased by
approximately 37.5% to 22,000 units during the year (March 31, 2015). According to the
industry expert group known as the Society of Electric Vehicle Manufacturers (SMEV). Also
of this data, only 2,000 units were four-wheeled vehicles that were sold. The panel said the
industry sold 16,000 units in 2014-15. However, with these numbers and levels of city sales,
India is miles away and has a long way to go to reach its goal of selling 6 million electric
vehicles by 2020. This vision has been formulated by the Indian government through insiders
and projects in the NEMMP (National Electric Mobility Mission Plan) 2020 and FAME
(Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles).
REFERENCES
[1] Shukla P.R, Pathak Minal “Electric Vehicles Scenarios and a Roadmap for India’’
[2] Henry Lee, Grant Lovellette “Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Market?”
[3] Jennifer Todd, Jess Chen and Frankle Clogstan “Creating the clean energy economy:
Analysis of the electric vehicle industry”
[4] Vinod Kumar and Sriram Kaushik “Towards an electric vehicles only future”
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- Dr. Anoop Pandey, Dr. Sanjay Manocha and Dr. Pankaj Saini
[8] www.eai.in/ref/reports/India-electric-vehicles-expert-guide
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