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AMSCO
A M S C O S C H O O L P U B L I C A T I O N S , I N C . 315 Hudson Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
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Contributing Editors
Auditi Chakravarty Director of Language Arts
Amsco School Publications, Inc.
Bonnie Boehme Editor
Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
This book has been adapted from the following Amsco publications:
Building Power in Writing By Henry I. Christ
English Alive: Complete Edition By Harold Levine
Text and cover design: Nesbitt Graphics, Inc. Composition: Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
When ordering this book please specify:
Either R 798 W or GRAMMAR AND USAGE FOR BETTER WRITING
Please visit our Web site at www.amscopub.com
ISBN 1-56765-117-8
NYC Item 56765-117-7
Copyright © 2004 by Amsco School Publications, Inc.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
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Contents
Introduction: How to Use This Book vii
Part ONE Parts of Speech 1 The Subject 3 The Predicate 7 Verbs 10 Action and Linking Verbs 13 Helping Verbs and Verb Phrases 16 Verbs in Contractions 19
Nouns 22 Common and Proper Nouns 24 Plural Nouns 27 Possessive Nouns 34
Compound Subjects 38 Compound Verbs 41 Nouns as Direct Objects 45 Nouns as Indirect Objects 48 Pronouns and Antecedents 52
Personal Pronouns 55 Pronouns in Contractions 58
Review of Verbs, Nouns, and Pronouns 61 Adjectives 68 Predicate Adjectives and Predicate Nouns 72
Adverbs 79 Forming Adverbs from Adjectives 84 Recognizing Adverbs and Adjectives 86
iii
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Review of Adjectives and Adverbs 89 Prepositions 94 Prepositional Phrases 98
Conjunctions 102 Interjections 108 Review of Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 111
Part TWO Sentence Composition 115 Characteristics of Good Sentences 116
Comparing Sentences 117 Writing Sentences 120 Revising Sentences 121
Clear, Forceful Sentences 123 Conciseness (Economy) 123 Clarity and Specificity 126 Varying Sentences 132 Unity 145
Part THREE Common Usage Errors 149
Problems with Sentence Structure Simple Sentences
Compound Sentences Complex Sentences Sentence Fragments Run-on Sentences
Problems with Nouns Plurals of Nouns Possessives of Nouns
Problems with Verbs Using the Correct Tense Principal Parts of Verbs
Agreement of Subject and Verb Troublesome Verb Pairs
Problems with Modifiers Adjectives and Adverbs Confused Double Negatives
Other Errors
iv
150 150 151 152 155 164
171 171 172
175 175 177 181 185
189 189 190 191
CONTENTS
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Problems with Pronouns 193 Personal Pronouns 193 Indefinite Pronouns 196 Possessive Pronouns 198
Problems with Punctuation 201 End Punctuation 201 The Comma 202 Quotation Marks 209 Punctuating Titles 210
Problems with Capitalization 214 In Letters 214 In Quotations 214 First Words 214 Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives 215
Problems with Spelling 221 Frequently Misspelled Words 221 Words Often Confused 223 Seven Helpful Spelling Rules 224 Contractions 230
Part FOUR Basic Paragraph Composition 231 The Paragraph 232 A Note About Paragraph Length 233 Unity in the Paragraph 235 The Topic Sentence 239 The Clincher Sentence 242 Developing a Paragraph with Reasons 244
Arranging the Reasons 245 Arranging the Reasons—Another Look 248
Developing a Paragraph with Examples 249 Varying Sentence Beginnings 253
Index 259
CONTENTS v
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